{"id":6983,"date":"2010-10-22T15:38:33","date_gmt":"2010-10-22T15:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=6983"},"modified":"2012-06-06T07:44:03","modified_gmt":"2012-06-06T07:44:03","slug":"leonardo-da-vinci-khong-chi-co-mona-lisa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2010\/10\/leonardo-da-vinci-khong-chi-co-mona-lisa.html","title":{"rendered":"Leonardo da Vinci: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Mona Lisa"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La Tinh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong h\u01a1n 1.000 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Leonardo da Vinci sinh n\u0103m 1452 trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Leonardo th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111i l\u1ed9i s\u00f4ng, h\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00f2 tinh qu\u00e1i. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa chim \u0111ang bay v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u01a1 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. Leonardo h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i l\u1eafng nghe t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u00edt ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, Leonardo da Vinci kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m, v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a Leonardo da Vinci<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"L\u1ec5

L\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa: Trong b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, Andrea del Verrocchio \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1ebd l\u1ec5 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa. B\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a Leonardo \u0111ang c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i. (Artrenewal.org)<\/p><\/div>\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1460, cha c\u1ee7a Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00e0ng trai Leonardo \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Andrea del Verrocchio, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 ki\u00eam \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Florence, \u00dd, \u0111\u1ec3 theo h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c. Verrocchio \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh Ch\u00faa Jesus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. Verrocchio \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 Leonardo c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u1ebd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 trong b\u1ee9c tranh, trong khi \u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n \u1edf g\u00f3c tr\u00e1i ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Verrocchio, \u0111\u1ec1u kinh ng\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean v\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Leonardo d\u00f9ng s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i. Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a Leonardo n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eafc n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi Trung \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Verrocchio v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00f4ng th\u1ec1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd v\u1ebd n\u1eefa b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecdc sinh Leonardo c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n

\u2018Mona Lisa\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

Leonardo sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1ebd v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Francesco del Giocondo, qu\u00fd b\u00e0 La Gioconda, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean Mona Lisa. Trong b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cSfumato\u201d, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb trong ti\u1ebfng \u00dd \u201cSfumare,\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed1c h\u01a1i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3i.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ee9c tranh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong m\u1edd r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Da Vinci r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u1ebd b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c. Khi \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p phong c\u1ea3nh, ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u? Tr\u00ed \u00f3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111ang nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt th\u1eadt s\u1ef1; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft con m\u1eaft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Da Vinci s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c v\u1edbi m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf. Trong b\u1ee9c tranh Mona Lisa, ph\u1ea7n khu\u1ef7u tay r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u00e9p b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft. B\u1ed9 v\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7m m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p k\u00e9o \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean. B\u1ed9 t\u00f3c t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a Mona Lisa t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i khung sau n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra b\u1ed9 v\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

Leonardo v\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng phong c\u1ea3nh m\u1edf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh xa g\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00e0ng xa c\u00e0ng m\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. M\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Mona Lisa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn n\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

N\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Nghi\u00ean

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o m\u00e0 Leonardo da Vinci s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp. (Artrenewal.org)<\/p><\/div>\n

Nhi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng suy t\u01b0, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh. Khi Leonardo v\u1ebd b\u1ee9c tranh \u201cB\u1eefa t\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d (The Last Supper<\/em>), \u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ng\u1ed3i \u1edf ch\u1ee3, quan s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 Leonardo v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n dung c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4 khan th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i h\u1ed3n ri\u00eang cho t\u1eebng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Leonardo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh cao m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, phong c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3. Trong th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u01a1 khai trong tranh v\u1ebd m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta cho l\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Leonardo v\u1ebd c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u1edf xa nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn b\u00e0n tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u1ed9, t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m x\u00fac.<\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Leonardo tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ebfn. Leonardo kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft h\u00f4n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh, \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n d\u00e0nh t\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh \u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng khao kh\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Leonardo c\u0103m gh\u00e9t b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ra sao. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc th\u00e1i tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Leonard da Vinci tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf, s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

(Theo The Epoch Times<\/em>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La Tinh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[551],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-6983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-hoa","tag-hoi-hoa-phuong-tay"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLeonardo da Vinci: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Mona Lisa - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2010\/10\/leonardo-da-vinci-khong-chi-co-mona-lisa.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Leonardo da Vinci: Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Mona Lisa - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La Tinh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh. 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