T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: T\u1ed5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n 5000 n\u0103m<\/i><\/p>\n
[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi xa v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng 5000 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang b\u00ean b\u1edd di\u1ec7t vong. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t huy k\u1ebf th\u1eeba n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c ra, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1eb9p s\u00e2u d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u1ecd x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c? L\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t huy k\u1ebf th\u1eeba n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u00e0 xem, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m c\u00f4ng phu, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nga, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd thao t\u00fang, x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang ta. L\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia ngh\u00e8o y\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sau th\u1eddi Duy T\u00e2n Minh Tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang ta g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 trong 20 – 30 n\u0103m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 nhanh v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, trau d\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i? Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 sa s\u00fat, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh, th\u1ebf n\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 \u00edt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tri th\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 suy tho\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed th\u1ea5p, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ed1c b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m suy vong qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng Nh\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: \u201cC\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ebf n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tuy nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: \u2018trung hi\u1ebfu, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, t\u00edn ngh\u0129a, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u2019. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t, c\u00f9ng nhau chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i\u201d (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, 1936).<\/p>\n
2. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/b><\/p>\n
Oa Qu\u1ed1c \u2013 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Oa Qu\u1ed1c, phong t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng ph\u00e1i T\u1eeb Ph\u00fac theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3ng Lai, mang v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Th\u1eddi T\u00f9y – \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ti\u1ebfp thu to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung Hoa. T\u1eeb n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 (n\u0103m 630), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n sang nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, phong t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian, ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac v\u00e0 trang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt. \u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (\u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd) c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi\u201d. N\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 20 (n\u0103m 646) \u2013 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ea3i t\u00e2n\u201d. Nh\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng Takatoku tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f3a. Sau c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f3a, Nh\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc do Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng ban t\u1eb7ng, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u Silla c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xung quanh, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Qua nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2u, v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e9n r\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean t\u1eebng hai l\u1ea7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec cu\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1o m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt g\u1ecdi hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Phong \u2013 Kamikaze, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u01a1n b\u00e3o v\u1edbi uy l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i Th\u1ea7n c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5. V\u00ec nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, n\u00ean v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o. T\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Nam T\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c samurai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cai tr\u1ecb, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 \u2013 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Kamakura, M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Ashikaga v\u00e0 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Tokugawa (thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh Nguy\u00ean B\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1185 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Duy T\u00e2n Minh Tr\u1ecb n\u0103m 1867, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 682 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u01b0\u1edbng Minamoto no Yoritomo \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Kamakura (v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Thi\u1ec7u H\u01b0ng, nh\u00e0 Nam T\u1ed1ng, vua T\u1ed1ng Quan T\u00f4ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129, t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Nho, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec5 nghi, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o. Minamoto no Yoritomo xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00f5 s\u0129 n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f5 s\u0129. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f5 s\u0129, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 trung hi\u1ebfu, gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, b\u00ean trong th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ebf, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec tu v\u00f5 c\u00f4ng, v.v., c\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: \u2018Vi hoa \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vi anh hoa, vi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng vi v\u00f5 s\u0129 d\u00e3\u2019 (L\u00e0m hoa th\u00ec h\u00e3y nh\u01b0 hoa anh \u0111\u00e0o, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f5 s\u0129). S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c samurai nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m: \u2018Ch\u1ebft trong \u0111ao ki\u1ebfm, xem c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, v\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f5 s\u0129\u2019. Lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u00f5 s\u0129 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00ednh Th\u1ea7n b\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n xem vi\u1ec7c k\u00ednh Th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi v\u00f5 thu\u1eadt. D\u00f9 x\u00f4ng pha ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, phong t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay\u201d.\uff08T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, Tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u0103m 1932).<\/p>\n
Sau khi hai tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean, Thanh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 Trung Nguy\u00ean, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i: \u201cSau v\u00e1ch n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Tri\u1ec1u Minh vong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n Hoa H\u1ea1\u201d. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, xem Hoa H\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3, g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec1u Thanh\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi China\u201d.<\/p>\n
V\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Minamoto no Yoritomo c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng sau th\u1eddi M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Tokugawa, th\u1eddi Minh Tr\u1ecb Duy T\u00e2n th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng; h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u2018linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Yamato\u2019 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00ec v\u1eady v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecd\u201d.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u00fd t\u1ee9 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Binh Ph\u00e1p t\u00f4n t\u1eed: \u201cC\u00f4ng t\u00e2m vi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u00e2m h\u1eafn, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec, b\u1eaft h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 ai th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cC\u00f4ng t\u00e2m vi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u00e1nh v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ch) n\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed hay chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n
\u201cN\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb hai ch\u1eef Nho gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang ta, k\u1ebb s\u0129 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Nho, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nho gi\u00e1o. V\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o. Nho \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt c\u1eaft gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1eef \u2018d\u0169ng\u2019, mang th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u2018tr\u00ed\u2019. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i \u2018d\u0169ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u0169ng c\u00f3 mang theo l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i d\u0169ng t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u1eef \u2018nh\u00e2n\u2019 then ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ba t\u1eeb \u2018tr\u00ed, nh\u00e2n, d\u0169ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3ng t\u00edn ngh\u0129a, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u201cTh\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd trong v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i d\u00e1m d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fang ta. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i, d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta, h\u00e3y xem c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc hay kh\u00f4ng! C\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 hay kh\u00f4ng!\u201d (Tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u0103m 1932)<\/p>\n
(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/i><\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.epochtimes.com\/gb\/16\/12\/14\/n8591631.htm<\/a><\/p>\n