{"id":54546,"date":"2026-05-13T10:19:06","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T03:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=54546"},"modified":"2026-05-13T10:19:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T03:19:06","slug":"lich-su-bi-lang-quen-cua-nen-van-minh-nhan-loai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2026\/05\/lich-su-bi-lang-quen-cua-nen-van-minh-nhan-loai.html","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Duncan Burch<\/i><\/p>\n

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eebng sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia c\u0169ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 xa x\u01b0a h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn, ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i trang c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c suy \u0111o\u00e1n, ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Khi nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, tinh ch\u1ec9nh, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng suy lu\u1eadn kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong ng\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, radar, v\u00e0 sonar gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 gia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c tranh b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cNature\u201d v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 01\/2026, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Sulawesi, Indonesia, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 68.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf uranium trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Sulawesi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Indonesia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1edbm h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 15.000 n\u0103m so v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u tranh v\u1ebd b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ch\u00fang t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 45.000 n\u0103m. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Sulawesi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 th\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf hang Maltravieso thu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ceres, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 64.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u01a1n \u0111en v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c pha tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u0169, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m, hoa v\u0103n, h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00e0n tay, v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u tay.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c tinh x\u1ea3o m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng tin l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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H\u00ecnh ch\u1ee5p hang Maltravieso v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u tay b\u1ed1n ng\u00f3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, Caceres, T\u00e2y Ban Nha. (\u1ea2nh: WH_Pics\/Shutterstock.com)<\/i><\/p>\n

N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, trong s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Chauvet. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1994, cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao; ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 14 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m b\u00f2 r\u1eebng, h\u01b0\u01a1u, g\u1ea5u, s\u01b0 t\u1eed, v\u00e0 b\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng nh\u01b0 voi ma m\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng len.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2012 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 36.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3n sao c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf hang Chauvet, mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, ng\u00e0y 08\/04\/2015. (\u1ea2nh: Jeff Pachoud\/AFP qua Getty Images)<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u00e1o, l\u00e0m t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc tin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con g\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i hang g\u1ea7n Cerkno, Slovenia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 50.000-60.000 tu\u1ed5i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean x\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0103n th\u1ecbt g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c v\u1ecf s\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Java, Indonesia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1891, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t ng\u0103n k\u00e9o b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2014, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cNature\u201d, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cvi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. V\u00e0 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecf s\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2019, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1c Kalambo, thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c gia Zambia \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Ch\u00e2u Phi. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cNature\u201d n\u0103m 2023 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1c kh\u00fac g\u1ed7 l\u1eafp v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau theo chi\u1ec1u ngang b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 475.000 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u0103n b\u1eaft h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m du m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng ngh\u0129 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Larry Barham thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Liverpool \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1edd l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Zambia. (\u1ea2nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Larry Barham)<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf Th\u00e1c Kalambo gi\u00fap cho g\u1ed7 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n do th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1ed1n g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u0103m 2000, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c gia \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 th\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n \u1edf V\u1ecbnh Khambhat. Sau khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, h\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddm, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng carbon cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 9.500 tu\u1ed5i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa x\u01b0a h\u01a1n v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf Mesopotamia v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, n\u00eau ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Cuba v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p cho b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn \u0111ang x\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u1ea3nh gh\u00e9p nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng khi h\u1ecd t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 50.000 n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c khi h\u1ecd ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Khi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u manh m\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

(Theo The Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.theepochtimes.com\/article\/the-lost-history-of-human-civilization-6004220<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Duncan Burch [ChanhKien.org] B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n: d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng tin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54546","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khao-co-hoc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2026\/05\/lich-su-bi-lang-quen-cua-nen-van-minh-nhan-loai.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Duncan Burch [ChanhKien.org] B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1edfng. 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