![](\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/id14677579-Scopes_trial-600x400-image.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nN\u0103m 1925, t\u1ea1i Dayton, bang Tennessee, M\u1ef9, Darrow (Clarence Darrow, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i) v\u00e0 Bryan (William Jennings Bryan, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i) tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n. (\u1ea2nh: Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng)<\/i><\/p>\n
Trong n\u0103m b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng: \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n ph\u00f4i thai (recapitulation law) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c v\u1ebd do Haeckel (Ernst Haeckel) ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o; \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i su\u1ed1t 41 n\u0103m m\u1edbi b\u1ecb v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n; \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p sai l\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Dubois (Eug\u00e8ne Dubois) r\u00fat l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn ngoan c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn; \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java II\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd gom g\u00f3p kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng; \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n M\u1ef9\u201d g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng 5 n\u0103m, h\u00f3a ra l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i l\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n
Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1925 \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u201cv\u1ee5 \u00e1n con kh\u1ec9\u201d (Monkey Trial) \u1edf M\u1ef9. Khi \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1eeba m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, trong l\u00fac ba \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean (vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java h\u1eadu k\u1ef3\u201d l\u00e0 sau n\u0103m 1936) c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0a suy, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gay c\u1ea5n tr\u00ean t\u00f2a \u00e1n.<\/p>\n
55. Bang c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt, c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/b><\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 23\/03\/1925, bang Tennessee c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ban h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u201cthuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xoa d\u1ecbu t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec sao c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a? B\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng: thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Darwin ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ef7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh kinh\u201d [1] \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1edbi \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ng\u1ed1c; ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u2013 khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby tranh c\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nghi ng\u1edd ch\u1eafp v\u00e1, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java ch\u1eafp v\u00e1\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown ch\u1eafp v\u00e1\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n M\u1ef9 r\u0103ng l\u1ee3n\u201d, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ai tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ee7a ba \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u1ed3n \u00e0o tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Quan ch\u1ee9c bang Tennessee v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n thu\u1eadn theo d\u00e2n \u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
56. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u00e2m th\u1ea7m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n k\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ra tay? H\u1ecd li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u201cLi\u00ean minh T\u1ef1 do D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d (American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU), \u0111\u0103ng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n
\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u1edf Tennessee s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd mang t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c\u201d.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady tranh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eb1m l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
Ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng ra d\u1eabn d\u1eaft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n?<\/p>\n
57. L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/b><\/p>\n
Rappleyea (George Rappleyea) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty than \u2013 s\u1eaft t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Dayton, bang Tennessee, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh doanh r\u1ea5t sa s\u00fat \u2014 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00e9m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf Dayton \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 n\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf chung kh\u00e1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7. Khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ecf than, m\u1ecf s\u1eaft, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft\u2026, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c h\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng ai quan t\u00e2m. V\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Trong l\u00fac r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, ng\u00e0y 4\/5\/1925, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Rappleyea nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xoay chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh T\u1ef1 do D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi g\u1ee3i \u00fd: l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 Dayton, bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng. Rappleyea ch\u1ee3t hi\u1ec3u ra, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0m chi\u00eau tr\u00f2, khi\u1ebfn Dayton m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Rappleyea l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngay trong ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn Rhea \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, \u201c\u1ee6y ban hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Dayton\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp tham gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Dayton l\u00e0 Walter White, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Wallace C. Haggard, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 vi\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n l\u00e0 hai anh em Hicks (Sue K. Hicks v\u00e0 Herbert Hicks), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y th\u1ec3 thao Scopes (John Thomas Scopes). M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
Sau khi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd m\u1eddi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc Ferguson (W. F. Ferguson) \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u201cth\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c Scopes \u201cg\u00e2y \u00e1n\u201d, \u0111\u00f3ng vai b\u1ecb c\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a.<\/p>\n
58. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3ng vai l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o<\/b><\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a? M\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y hay ch\u01b0a, c\u1ee9 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y! H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb \u1ed1m, anh ta t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y thay \u2014 cho d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1eadt, th\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a bang Tennessee c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Khi ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ban h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c \u201cvi ph\u1ea1m\u201d n\u00f3?<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ecb c\u00e1o Scopes lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d. Anh ta ch\u1ec9 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u00ec t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ra t\u00f2a ch\u1ecbu x\u00e9t x\u1eed\u201d. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, Scopes ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n tham gia v\u00e0o phi\u00ean t\u00f2a n\u00e0y, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung trong cu\u1ed1n A Civic Biology. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, t\u1ea1o tin t\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 ra s\u1ee9c th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
59. Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, thu h\u00fat Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/b><\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 13\/5, Bryan (William Jennings Bryan), l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u1ef9, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd tham gia phi\u00ean t\u00f2a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u00f9 lao, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u1ed1 \u2014 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea5p ph\u00f3 th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn) nh\u01b0 Bryan \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n tham gia?<\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Bryan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n A Civic Biology qu\u00e1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, \u0111\u01b0a ra \u201ck\u1ebft lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: \u201cCh\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7ng Caucasus, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng v\u0103n minh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9\u201d.<\/p>\n
Trong s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u01a1n. \u1ede m\u1ee5c \u201cK\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d vi\u1ebft: \u201cHi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh (th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0111ang lan truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ra kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, trong m\u1ee5c \u201cC\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa\u201d n\u00eau r\u1eb1ng: ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201c\u01b0u sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cc\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa\u201d c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201cN\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, khu c\u00e1ch ly \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 sinh s\u1ea3n giao thoa, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, sa \u0111\u1ecda, tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/p>\n
Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nguy hi\u1ec3m do thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Darwin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do Spencer, Nietzsche, Haeckel c\u1ed5 x\u00fay, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn Bryan h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c lo ng\u1ea1i. Bryan cho r\u1eb1ng Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng, sai l\u1ea7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 logic, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o h\u1ecdc sinh, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
14 n\u0103m sau, m\u1ed1i lo c\u1ee7a Bryan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai: \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
60. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 b\u00ean bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 c\u0169ng m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m<\/b><\/p>\n
B\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Bryan l\u00e0m lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con trai \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Bryan Jr., B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u01b0 ph\u00e1p bang Tennessee Tom Stewart, cha con lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 McKenzie (Ben G. McKenzie, J. Gordon McKenzie), c\u00f9ng anh em Hicks\u2026, \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n
B\u00ean bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 k\u00e9m c\u1ea1nh. Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecb c\u00e1o l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Neal (John R. Neal), hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng khoa lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Tennessee; c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 bi\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m Darrow (Clarence Darrow, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh), Malone (Dudley Field Malone), \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201cLi\u00ean minh T\u1ef1 do D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d l\u00e0 Hays (Arthur Garfield Hays), c\u00f9ng Thompson (W. O. Thompson), McElwee (F. B. McElwee), v\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u1ea3 v\u1ecb quy\u1ec1n uy \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d Potter (Charles Francis Potter) \u2014 v\u1ecb \u201cquy\u1ec1n uy Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u00f4ng khai m\u01b0u t\u00ednh g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
Darrow c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec gi\u00fap t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cd\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n mua b\u00ecnh an\u201d m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t danh ti\u1ebfng, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng di\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc \u201cth\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n m\u1eddi t\u00e1m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
61. Ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b><\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n xoay quanh thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n ra, c\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng l\u1edbn t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, v\u1ee5 \u00e1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf Dayton v\u1ed1n y\u00ean t\u0129nh b\u1ed7ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn xem nh\u01b0 xem xi\u1ebfc, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n xi\u1ebfc c\u0169ng mang theo kh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3p vui. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u201cv\u1ee5 \u00e1n con kh\u1ec9\u201d tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 th\u1eafng thua t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng Dayton c\u1ee7a Rappleyea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
62. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t, b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc<\/b><\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u2014 \u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9\u201d khi \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Nebraska (r\u0103ng l\u1ee3n)\u201d. Ba \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y (khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 logic \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi ng\u1edd ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang th\u00ec tin v\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tin v\u00e0o Th\u1ea7n, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a; c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1i m\u1edbi, c\u00e1i th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u201cth\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Raulston (John T. Raulston) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a phi\u00ean t\u00f2a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
D\u1eabu v\u1eady, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13\/7, Darrow v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y ba \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0m \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i trong logic \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ph\u00eda nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 Bryan n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u2014 \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho Bryan c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 20\/7, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khai kh\u00f4 khan, tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ebb nh\u1ea1t, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1i n\u00f3ng gay g\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean r\u1eddi \u0111i. B\u1ecb c\u00e1o Scopes kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u00f2a, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0m, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 phi\u00ean t\u00f2a trong ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eb1m l\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t \u2014 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ee5 \u00e1n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd chuy\u1ec3n sang cao tr\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
63. D\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00e1i quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c nh\u1ee5c<\/b><\/p>\n
Chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 20\/7, ph\u00eda thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0 Darrow \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u00f2a \u00e1n tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00ean nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n ra l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda b\u1ecb c\u00e1o \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Raulston cho ph\u00e9p; c\u00f2n lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00ean nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n Bryan c\u0169ng vui v\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi thao t\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 b\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u1ee5ng d\u1ea1 qu\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e0 \u0111o l\u00f2ng ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u201cb\u1eaby\u201d n\u00e0y, Darrow v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n, Darrow v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u1eaby \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c Bryan, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c thuy\u1ebft s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
Bryan tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cM\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1eadt\u201d, n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201csai l\u1ea7m\u201d trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 theo khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n
\u201cCon r\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 Adam v\u00e0 Eva b\u00f2 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi (h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t)? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i b\u00f2 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng\u201d?<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d4ng c\u00f3 tin r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong 6 ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 24 gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cS\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 4, v\u1eady ba ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i\u201d?<\/p>\n
Darrow v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c Bryan, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, Bryan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, Bryan \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 24 gi\u1edd\u2026 Khi Bryan \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, Darrow l\u1ea1i kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh. Bryan nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u0103ng b\u1eaby v\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Kinh Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u201ct\u1ea9y n\u00e3o\u201d tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng Darrow \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng, c\u00f2n Bryan \u201cngu mu\u1ed9i, v\u00f4 l\u00fd\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Khi \u1ea5y \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tin v\u00e0o Th\u1ea7n, n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Bryan v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 d\u1ec5, g\u00e0i b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a Darrow. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn Darrow t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1eb9n qu\u00e1 h\u00f3a gi\u1eadn g\u00e0o th\u00e9t ngay t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a.<\/p>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 Scopes, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i (n\u0103m 1967): \u201cL\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a Darrow qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ai c\u0169ng mong Raulston k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f2a \u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n
64. Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111a chi\u1ec1u<\/b><\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi: nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng trong \u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d m\u00e0 ph\u00eda thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a n\u00eau ra, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang sao?<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, b\u1edfi v\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, sinh m\u1ec7nh\u2026 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111a chi\u1ec1u. V\u00ec m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, n\u00ean m\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u201cph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang\u201d g\u00e2y c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3i s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\uff081\uff09Con r\u1eafn tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi b\u00f2 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, trong hang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean\u201d, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tam gi\u00e1c Bermuda ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\uff082\uff09Th\u1eddi gian \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
\uff083\uff09Ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, khi thu l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ban \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111a chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ec7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m. Trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
65. Ph\u00eda thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a thua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00f4 v\u1ebd<\/b><\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 20\/7, tr\u00ean trang nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Washington Times \u0111\u01b0a tin Darrow b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp v\u00ec t\u1ed9i khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f2a \u00e1n (\u1ea2nh: ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \/ t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf).<\/i><\/p>\n V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u1ecb c\u00e1o b\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y mang t\u00ednh t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng), h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thua trong m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn. Darrow kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n, c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c \u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb b\u00ean nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00e1p ch\u1ebf b\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n Raulston v\u1eabn khoan dung v\u1edbi Darrow.<\/p>\n B\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ph\u00fat \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ecb c\u00e1o. Th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n tuy\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u00e1n nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t: Scopes, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t 100 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n Thua ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c, kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y. Ph\u00eda thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n l\u00ean T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a bang, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u201cc\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a bang Tennessee l\u00e0 vi hi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 sau t\u00f4 v\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng \u201cr\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng \u1edf s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn thua\u201d; th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hy v\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, n\u00ean bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n 66. Bryan qua \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, ph\u00eda thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, c\u00e0ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/p>\n Bryan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 \u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a, vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn mang t\u00ean \u201cBryan b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d, d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft sau khi phi\u00ean t\u00f2a k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0, 5 ng\u00e0y sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t trong l\u00fac ng\u1ee7.<\/p>\n Ph\u00eda Darrow kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o l\u00ean T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao bang, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a bang Tennessee c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd t\u1edbi l\u00e0, trong v\u00f2ng hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 13 bang, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, khi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f2n gi\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n 67. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed gi\u1ea3\u201d, t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o v\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gian<\/b><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu thua, khi k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4 v\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf phi\u00ean s\u01a1 th\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd thua, t\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n vai anh h\u00f9ng bi tr\u00e1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, d\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1ng c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u201ct\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh\u201d\u2026 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u1ecd kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda Darrow, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e0o th\u00e9t v\u00e0 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f2a \u00e1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00fd t\u00ednh, c\u00f2n vu c\u00e1o Bryan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb h\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00ec t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn\u2026<\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1edf k\u1ecbch s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 phim \u1ea3nh sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i bi\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c bi\u00ean k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, c\u00e2u kh\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ch\u1ed1ng ngu mu\u1ed9i\u201d, th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trung t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, t\u00f4 v\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n B\u1ed9 phim Inherit the Wind (Ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u201cv\u1ee5 \u00e1n con kh\u1ec9\u201d m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh phim. Tuy kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u00ean th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 k\u1ecbch s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u1ea3i bi\u00ean\u201d s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, t\u00f4 v\u1ebd Darrow, l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Bryan, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n\u201d, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n cho Kinh Th\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, ngu xu\u1ea9n, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00f4 v\u1ebd cho thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n danh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n 68. Di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n<\/b><\/p>\n N\u0103m 1977, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u1ee5 \u00e1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Rhea, n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra phi\u00ean x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: b\u1ecb c\u00e1o Scopes l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u2014 anh ta v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Scopes, c\u1ed1 \u00fd d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3, nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u danh ti\u1ebfng. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n l\u00fd do:<\/p>\n (1\uff09B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Scopes t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u00ec t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ra t\u00f2a ch\u1ecbu x\u00e9t x\u1eed\u201d. Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u00ecm ra\u201d theo s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft.<\/p>\n (2\uff09Scopes t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y thay gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0i bu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a bang Tennessee c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1eadp v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i; cho d\u00f9 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n (3\uff09Sau khi \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1925, Scopes kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y thay cho gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 5 khi \u201c\u1ee6y ban hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Dayton\u201d b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 5 khi Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edfng Bryan tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tham gia phi\u00ean t\u00f2a, trong 8 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt, t\u00ecm gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 Scopes \u0111\u00f3ng vai b\u1ecb c\u00e1o, d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, t\u00ecm \u201cnh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ecdc sinh\u201d, b\u00e1o c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, b\u1eaft gi\u1eef, th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c b\u00ean lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 tham gia\u2026 Trong 8 ng\u00e0y g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu Scopes th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a trong l\u1edbp n\u00e0o, anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb sao?<\/p>\n (4\uff09Sau khi v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t x\u1eed t\u1ea1i t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Rhea \u2013 c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Dayton (ch\u00fa th\u00edch: \u1edf M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n chia h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh bang, qu\u1eadn, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf). Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Chattanooga \u2013 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 4 c\u1ee7a bang Tennessee, mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh x\u00e9t x\u1eed v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00f3ng, nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Chattanooga c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1eadn Rhea \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn \u201c\u1ee6y ban hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng Dayton\u201d, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi l\u00fd do \u201cv\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o\u201d, khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn kia ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 trong thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u; \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n. Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng bi tr\u00e1ng; qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng, t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o mang t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 che gi\u1ea5u. Che gi\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Che gi\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m logic ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n Th\u00e1ng 6\/1987, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Li\u00ean bang M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho h\u1ecdc sinh (t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o).<\/p>\n Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o v\u00e0 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng qua k\u1ecbch, phim \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 (s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin. \u1ede c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y khoa h\u1ecdc), v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n 69. Nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Bryan, tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/b><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Bryan. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Bryan \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3:<\/p>\n (1\uff09\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Nebraska c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9\u201d (Nebraska Man) (t\u1ee9c \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc) r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng nghi.<\/p>\n Hai n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1927, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n\u201d (Hesperopithecus) b\u1ecb l\u1eadt t\u1ea9y, h\u00f3a ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con l\u1ee3n r\u1eebng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i! Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng mang t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Bryan, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n (2\uff09N\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch trung gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady? Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n r\u0103ng l\u1ee3n ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n\u201d? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng nghi. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau!?<\/p>\n Nghi v\u1ea5n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cn\u00fat th\u1eaft logic\u201d, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ed1 \u00fd che gi\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m c\u00f4ng khai.<\/p>\n C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n B\u1eafc Kinh\u201d sao? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u sao?<\/p>\n \u2014 Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0? Th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfm tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f2n g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i l\u1edbn, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u \u201cc\u00e1c m\u1eaft x\u00edch trung gian ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i\u201d m\u00e0 Bryan \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n! H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. M\u1eddi xem ph\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n B\u1eafc Kinh, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i\u201d.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ecdc \u201cNh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00fd t\u00ednh h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n Li\u00ean k\u1ebft mua: djybuy.com<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n