![](\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1208131236051002-600x400-image.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nTi\u1ebft m\u1ee5c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u201cTi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0m phong v\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh T\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e2n, do Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Thi\u00ean L\u01b0\u1ee3ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng. (\u1ea2nh: NTD – T\u00e2n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u00e2n)<\/i><\/p>\n
N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5000 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u00e1ng qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p 5000 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1eed quan bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed theo ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n gian.<\/b><\/p>\n
\u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i tu s\u1eed\u201d, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u1eed quan, ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t sinh \u1edf trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh thi\u00ean tai, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 quan l\u1ea1i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi t\u00e2u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v.v\u2026 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p ban s\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef v\u00e0o trong s\u1eed qu\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau khi v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7t vong, th\u00ec Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t nho sinh ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p ban s\u01a1 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u1eed c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cquan tu ch\u00ednh s\u1eed\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed trong b\u1ed9 \u201cNh\u1ecb Th\u1eadp T\u1ee9 s\u1eed\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quan tu ch\u00ednh s\u1eed, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u00ed\u201d do Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecd th\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea5n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, th\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch s\u1eed sau n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u201d, \u201cT\u1ed1ng s\u1eed\u201d, \u201cNguy\u00ean s\u1eed\u201d, \u201cMinh s\u1eed\u201d\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 quan tu ch\u00ednh s\u1eed. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng quan tu ch\u00ednh s\u1eed ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n s\u0129 tu s\u1eed \u1edf trong d\u00e2n gian. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean th\u1eddi H\u00e1n vi\u1ebft \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do H\u00e1n V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf l\u1ec7nh \u00f4ng l\u00e0m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec cha c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i s\u1eed. Cha c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm tay T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d n\u00e0y, T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean kh\u00f3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cha.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 sau, T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng s\u1eed theo th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc gia g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00c2u D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u201cT\u00e2n Ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed trong \u201cNh\u1ecb Th\u1eadp T\u1ee9 s\u1eed\u201d, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
\u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00e9p s\u1eed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 truy\u1ec7n\u201d, nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 truy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u201cK\u1ef7\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7, \u201cTruy\u1ec7n\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00ec th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 truy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u201cT\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng; \u201cH\u1ea1ng V\u0169 b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 H\u1ea1ng V\u0169; \u201cL\u00e3o T\u1eed H\u00e0n Phi li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Phi T\u1eed. L\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 truy\u1ec7n, th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y do ch\u00ednh T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1eed kh\u00e1c. T\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed \u201cT\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean, do T\u1ea3 Kh\u00e2u Minh th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu vi\u1ebft. S\u00e1ch s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, n\u0103m n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t sinh vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, n\u0103m n\u00e0o ph\u00e1t sinh chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cQu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u201d l\u00e0 theo th\u1ec3 k\u00fd ng\u00f4n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt. Cu\u1ed1n \u201cChi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch\u201d thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e9p s\u1eed n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ef7 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1t th\u1ec3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00e9p s\u1eed l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d do T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean vi\u1ebft, ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a 3000 n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d do Herodotus vi\u1ebft. V\u1ec1 sau Herodotus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Ba T\u01b0, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng 50 n\u0103m. Herodotus vi\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a 50 n\u0103m, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng cho vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Sau n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch s\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thucydides, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh Peloponnesian\u201d. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Peloponnesian, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 20 n\u0103m. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d th\u00ec ghi l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 3000 n\u0103m, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua cu\u1ed1n \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh Peloponnesian\u201d n\u00e0y t\u1eeb 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 100 l\u1ea7n. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed do T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean vi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, l\u1ec5 nghi, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan, nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00ec, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ra sao, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B\u00e1ch gia ch\u01b0 t\u1eed\u2026 V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u1eed th\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh hay \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n \u201cThi\u00ean quan th\u01b0\u201d trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, tinh t\u00fa tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t; ph\u1ea7n \u201cH\u00e0 c\u1eeb th\u01b0\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i. V\u1eady n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c hay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. T\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Uy\u1ec3n li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ea1i Uy\u1ec3n \u1edf T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c; \u201cT\u00e2y Nam Di li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c; ph\u1ea7n \u201cTri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean vi\u1ebft \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d, \u00f4ng l\u1eadp cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft s\u1eed k\u00fd c\u00f3 ba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ee9u thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n chi t\u1ebf\u201d; c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 kim chi bi\u1ebfn\u201d; c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t gia chi ng\u00f4n\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mu\u1ed1n \u0111em h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn kim mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch vi\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed theo th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d do T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng vi\u1ebft. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch vi\u1ebft \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u201cC\u1ee9u thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n chi t\u1ebf, th\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 kim chi bi\u1ebfn, th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t gia chi ng\u00f4n\u201d, c\u00f2n m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang khi vi\u1ebft \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang vi\u1ebft \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d, tr\u1ea3i qua hai tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vua Anh T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 vua Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng. Sau khi \u00f4ng mang cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y trao v\u00e0o tay Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ban cho t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d. \u201cT\u01b0\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho, \u201ctr\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u201cth\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tham kh\u1ea3o h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d. \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch s\u1eed theo th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u00f4ng Chu Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Tri\u1ec7u Khu\u00f4ng D\u1eadn l\u00ean l\u00e0m Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 1.362 n\u0103m. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y hai v\u1ecb T\u01b0 M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi s\u1eed gia l\u00e0 T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i, v\u00ec sao c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u1ef1 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi b\u00e0n th\u00eam: Hi\u00ean Vi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u01a1 t\u1ed5\u201d, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u1eed quan b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Hi\u00ean Vi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u0103n minh, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft m\u1ed1i duy\u00ean ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u00ecn chung tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u1eed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 5000 n\u0103m. T\u1eeb b\u1ed9 s\u1eed vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ea3 truy\u1ec7n\u201d, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng s\u1eed vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d, \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng s\u1eed vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m\u201d cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd, tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 uy\u00ean th\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n
Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea5y, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c Di\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a\u201d, b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e2m Giang Ti\u00ean\u201d. B\u00e0i th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\u201cC\u1ed5n c\u1ed5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1ec7 th\u1ee7y
\nL\u00e3ng hoa \u0111\u00e0o t\u1eabn anh h\u00f9ng
\nTh\u1ecb phi th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng
\nThanh s\u01a1n y c\u1ef1u t\u1ea1i
\nK\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed3ng
\nB\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t ng\u01b0 ti\u1ec1u giang ch\u1eed th\u01b0\u1ee3ng
\nQu\u00e1n kh\u00e1n thu nguy\u1ec7t xu\u00e2n phong
\nNh\u1ea5t h\u1ed3 tr\u1ecdc t\u1eedu h\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f9ng
\nC\u1ed5 kim \u0111a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1
\n\u0110\u00f4 ph\u00f3 ti\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0m trung\u201d<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang cu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng,
\nB\u1ecdt s\u00f3ng cu\u1ed1n h\u1ebft anh h\u00f9ng.
\nTh\u1ecb phi, th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng
\nN\u00fai xanh v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc
\nBao \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh t\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng
\nNg\u01b0 ti\u1ec1u t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c tr\u00ean b\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng
\n\u0110\u00e3 quen nh\u00ecn gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t tr\u0103ng trong
\nM\u1ed9t v\u00f2 r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ee5c vui g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1
\nBao nhi\u00eau chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a nay
\n\u0110\u1ec1u g\u1eedi v\u00e0o trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00f3i c\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c Di\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a\u201d, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c Di\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a\u201d nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 La Qu\u00e1n Trung. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc s\u1ef9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 Minh. V\u1ec1 sau, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hai cha con Mao T\u00f4ng C\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec7n \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i cho \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eadn (t\u00ean g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u201cThuy\u1ebft T\u1ea7n t\u1eeb\u201d) v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c Di\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec7n \u201cTam Qu\u1ed1c Di\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y? L\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m th\u00e1i khi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1eed thi anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e1n, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u b\u00e1i, c\u00f3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n tr\u1ecb v\u0169 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Khang C\u00e0n th\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf; c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng thi T\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang k\u1ebb h\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec1u khen ng\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Minh-Thanh, c\u00f3 h\u00f9ng t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a T\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e1n V\u0169, tinh trung b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ea1c V\u0169 M\u1ee5c, ngh\u0129a b\u1ea1c v\u00e2n thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Quan V\u00e2n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng; trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, danh t\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 Nh\u1ea1c Phi, H\u00e0n T\u00edn, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T\u00f4n s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gia nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma, Huy\u1ec1n Trang, Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1o gia nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00edch kh\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Chuy\u00ean Ch\u01b0, D\u1ef1 Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia, t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gia, nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nho gia, k\u1ef3 k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Binh gia, qu\u1ef7 m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p gia.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng lao v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i oanh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh g\u00ec, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y? H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 r\u1ed3i. Cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u2013 \u201cTh\u1ecb phi, th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng lao v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1edf trong d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1eadn th\u00ec sao, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong c\u00e1i ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cN\u00fai xanh v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, bao \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh t\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng\u201d trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed 5000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch bao nhi\u00eau bi hoan ly h\u1ee3p, \u00e2n o\u00e1n \u00e1i h\u1eadn, th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i h\u01b0ng suy, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c gian trung.<\/p>\n
H\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m th\u00e1i th\u1eadt si\u00eau tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 \u201cC\u1ed5 kim \u0111a thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1, \u0110\u00f4 ph\u00f3 ti\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0m trung\u201d.<\/p>\n
(B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Epoch Times Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t)<\/i><\/p>\n