{"id":53692,"date":"2026-04-02T10:54:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T03:54:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=53692"},"modified":"2026-04-02T10:54:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T03:54:46","slug":"than-chau-su-cuong-12-than-ban-van-hoa-thanh-tuyet-huong-tam-giao-chu-tu-hanh-the-gian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2026\/04\/than-chau-su-cuong-12-than-ban-van-hoa-thanh-tuyet-huong-tam-giao-chu-tu-hanh-the-gian.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2u s\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng (12): Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edfng – Tam gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gian"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh 5000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa khai th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u201cNh\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u01a1 t\u1ed5\u201d – Hi\u00ean Vi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u1eed quan b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf trong s\u1eed li\u1ec7u Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00edt \u1ecfi, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa gi\u1eefa kho t\u00e0ng s\u00e1ch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ea1, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Chu c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t trong sa m\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 2500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung Hoa \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, khi \u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau, c\u00e1 l\u1edbn nu\u1ed1t c\u00e1 b\u00e9, kh\u1ecfi l\u1eeda chi\u1ebfn tranh r\u1ee3p tr\u1eddi, thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 su\u1ed1t 500 n\u0103m. Theo c\u00f9ng tr\u1eadn \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 500 n\u0103m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1eed li\u1ec7u Trung Hoa, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u1ea3 Truy\u1ec7n\u201d, \u201cXu\u00e2n Thu\u201d, \u201cChi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c S\u00e1ch\u201d, \u201cQu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cL\u00e3 L\u00e3m\u201d (L\u00e3 Th\u1ecb Xu\u00e2n Thu) \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ra \u0111\u1eddi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0110\u1ea1o gia, Nho gia, Binh gia, M\u1eb7c gia, Ph\u00e1p gia, Tung Ho\u00e0nh gia, \u00c2m D\u01b0\u01a1ng gia\u2026 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1ch gia ch\u01b0 t\u1eed c\u0169ng \u2018c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi\u2019 gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 500 n\u0103m \u1ea5y. C\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e1ng quan c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u201cB\u00e1ch gia tranh minh\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm h\u01a1n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1ea7n 2000 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1ch gia ch\u01b0 t\u1eed, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd ri\u00eang, thi nhau \u0111ua ti\u1ebfng tranh t\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u1ea5y, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu th\u1ebf t\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e0nh Ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh Ti\u00ean S\u01b0\u201d l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1edf d\u00e0i, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ng\u00f4n Y\u1ec3n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTa d\u00f9 ch\u1eb3ng k\u1ecbp ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u2018\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o chi h\u00e0nh\u2019 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ea1, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Chu tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf, tuy nhi\u00ean trong c\u1ed5 th\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u2018\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o chi h\u00e0nh\u2019, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n minh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ai ai c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt th\u1ee7 t\u00edn, chung s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng xem t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00e0 xem lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0u m\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eb7c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 suy vi r\u1ed3i, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, cha truy\u1ec1n con n\u1ed1i, anh h\u1ebft th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft lo cho con c\u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vun v\u00e9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ai n\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfm l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9i ng\u00f9i than th\u1edf: \u201cPh\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bay \u0111\u1ebfn, H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3 ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec7n ra n\u1eefa, ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5y Chu C\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i. Th\u00e1i S\u01a1n a, s\u1eafp s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i; tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t a, s\u1eafp r\u01a1i g\u00e3y r\u1ed3i; Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n a, c\u0169ng s\u1eafp l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n th\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 sau, khi H\u00e1n V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u201cB\u00e3i tru\u1ea5t b\u00e1ch gia, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n Nho thu\u1eadt\u201d th\u00ec h\u1eadu th\u1ebf t\u1eeb vua quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u0129 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u xem nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec sao m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t l\u1eddi ai o\u00e1n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o suy vi\u201d trong b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00fac Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed chu du li\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a, kh\u1eafc k\u1ef7 ph\u1ee5c l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1o nhi h\u1eadu \u0110\u1ee9c, th\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c nhi h\u1eadu Nh\u00e2n, th\u1ea5t Nh\u00e2n nhi h\u1eadu Ngh\u0129a, th\u1ea5t Ngh\u0129a nhi h\u1eadu L\u1ec5\u201d<\/i> (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u0110\u1ea1o m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Nh\u00e2n, Nh\u00e2n m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 Ngh\u0129a, Ngh\u0129a m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi sinh ra L\u1ec5), r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng L\u00e3o T\u1eed coi \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ngh\u0129a, n\u00ean \u00f4ng m\u1edbi n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u1ebf, h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\u201d.<\/p>\n

L\u00e3o T\u1eed ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i: \u201cTr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t, h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5y; l\u1ee5c th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, h\u1eefu hi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb; qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00f4n lo\u1ea1n, h\u1eefu trung th\u1ea7n\u201d<\/i> (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Khi tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec m\u1edbi sinh ra \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ee5y, th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n hi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb, qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y trung th\u1ea7n). Trong kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u201cnh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\u201d, \u201ctr\u00ed hu\u1ec7\u201d, \u201chi\u1ebfu t\u1eed\u201d hay \u201ctrung th\u1ea7n\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o suy vi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i ren c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00e0 trong \u201cTh\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: Eva v\u00ec b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 m\u00e0 \u0103n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a C\u00e2y Tr\u00ed Hu\u1ec7 trong V\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng Adam v\u00e0 Eva sau khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfi V\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng. Kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u1ea5y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ng\u1ea1c!<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb thu\u1edf ch\u01b0 t\u1eed b\u00e1ch gia khai th\u1ee7y, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng su\u1ed1t bao tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, tr\u1ea3i qua 2500 n\u0103m d\u1ed1c tr\u1ecdn t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7u, truy t\u1ea7m kh\u1eafp tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng v\u1eaft ngang b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng \u1ea5y r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? V\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec m\u00e0 suy t\u00e0n? Suy t\u00e0n t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5, xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n?<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi t\u1eadn c\u0103n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 truy t\u00ecm \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang ta \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1edf ban s\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do kh\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh Darwin – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: \u201cT\u00f4i \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u201d \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u201cch\u1ed7 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI, Darwin \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfm: \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi do d\u1ef1\u201d. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngang nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, trong bi\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng b\u1ed7ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch mang t\u00ean \u201cLo\u1ea1t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1m t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 \u201cB\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd th\u1ee7y tinh\u201d, \u201cD\u1ea5u v\u00e2n tay c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf\u201d… \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0n t\u00edch hi\u1ebfm hoi may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: T\u1eeb h\u00e0ng \u1ee9c v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta coi l\u00e0 \u201cman r\u1ee3\u201d v\u00e0o thu\u1edf ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed hoang s\u01a1 \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh si\u00eau c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh k\u1ecbp. Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p cao 200 m\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n Bermuda; l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n hai t\u1ef7 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u1edf C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Gabon; h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch in d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 260 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc; Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p Ai C\u1eadp t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i tinh hoa tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u00ean v\u0103n, l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc; b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh Nam C\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o v\u1ebd t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0o \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 6000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o k\u1ec3 h\u1ebft. Khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 c\u01b0\u1eddi, tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch xa v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m s\u00f4ng n\u00fai nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0u gi\u1eef chung m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: Th\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cTh\u00e1i B\u00ecnh Ng\u1ef1 L\u00e3m\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng: N\u1eef Oa d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00e0ng n\u1eb7n th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 sinh m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n

\u201cKinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ed5i sinh kh\u00ed v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 m\u0169i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 anh ta li\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 sinh kh\u00ed, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Adam. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn Adam ng\u1ee7 say r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y \u0111i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Eva.<\/p>\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maori b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf New Zealand, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tena, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecf b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, chi\u1ec3u theo h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eb7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sau khi n\u1eb7n xong li\u1ec1n th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o m\u0169i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t\u2019 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed, ban cho anh ta s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Theo th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u1edf \u00dac, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra: \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf Bunjil d\u00f9ng thanh \u0111ao l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1eb7t ba m\u1ea3nh v\u1ecf c\u00e2y to. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh, d\u00f9ng thanh \u0111ao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u1ecf c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng, l\u1ed7 m\u0169i v\u00e0 r\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea3y nh\u00f3t xung quanh v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Shilluk s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Nile tr\u1eafng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf Juok quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7m l\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: Ta s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1eeda t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1i hai anh em l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Prometheus v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Epimetheus – m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pima s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Arizona, B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u1ea1i tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng b\u00f9n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf \u1ea2 R\u1eadp k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n Azrael t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 mang m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Arabia, sao \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb7n ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t\u2019 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb kh\u00f4 l\u1ea1i. Qua 40 ng\u00e0y, sau khi \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t\u2019 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4 h\u1eb3n, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ban cho n\u00f3 sinh m\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u00ednh. Trong Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya-Quich\u00e9 \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Tepeu v\u00e0 Gucumatz, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n, do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y tuy ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba khu m\u00e0 ch\u00fang bao ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Trung \u00c1, New Zealand, \u00dac, ch\u00e2u Phi, Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, khu v\u1ef1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i n\u00e0o, c\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 do Th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra th\u00ec v\u00e0o thu\u1edf ban s\u01a1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 tan th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y kh\u00f3i kia. Nh\u01b0ng may m\u1eafn l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng m\u00e0 t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c manh m\u1ed1i r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 thu\u1edf ban s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m Babylon, Ai C\u1eadp, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eebng v\u00ec nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a huy ho\u00e0ng, x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a do c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u0103n minh n\u00e0y ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i kinh qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 sinh c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 suy, n\u1ed5i l\u00ean r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ai C\u1eadp, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Babylon \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m t\u1eeb 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc; v\u0103n h\u00f3a Harappa c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ecb t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aryan t\u1eeb Trung \u00c1 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5; n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Maya t\u1eebng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean Kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng suy b\u1ea1i trong r\u1eebng r\u1eadm Trung M\u1ef9; v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb La M\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf; c\u00f2n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a La M\u00e3 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n do s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c man r\u1ee3 Germanic. Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua bao th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4 v\u1eabn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. D\u00f9 kinh qua bao l\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ee3p r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i tan, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i tinh th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cn\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201ccon ch\u00e1u Vi\u00eam Ho\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 trong \u201cS\u1eed k\u00fd\u201d g\u1ecdi n\u0103m v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf, Chuy\u00ean H\u00fac, \u0110\u1ebf Kh\u1ed1c, Nghi\u00eau, Thu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf\u201d. Trong \u201cT\u1ee9 kh\u1ed1 to\u00e0n th\u01b0\u201d c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cB\u1ed5 S\u1eed k\u00fd – Tam ho\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Trinh th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb Tam Ho\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 Ph\u1ee5c Hy, Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng v\u00e0 N\u1eef Oa. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec Ph\u1ee5c Hy v\u00e0 N\u1eef Oa \u0111\u1ec1u mang h\u1ecd \u201cPhong\u201d, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 anh em.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi N\u1eef Oa, Th\u1ee7y th\u1ea7n C\u1ed9ng C\u00f4ng v\u00e0 H\u1ecfa th\u1ea7n Ch\u00fac Dung \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh chi\u1ebfn tranh. Khi C\u1ed9ng C\u00f4ng b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn, n\u1ed9 kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa b\u00e8n h\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00fai B\u1ea5t Chu, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi\u1ebfn \u201cc\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee1 Tr\u1eddi b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3, N\u1eef Oa b\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1 ng\u0169 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e1 Tr\u1eddi, m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u00e2n r\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n c\u1ef1c, thu gom tro c\u1ee7a lau s\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169.<\/p>\n

M\u1eabu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ee5c Hy t\u00ean l\u00e0 Hoa T\u01b0, v\u00ec gi\u1eabm l\u00ean v\u1ebft ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u1edf L\u00f4i Tr\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 mang thai, 12 n\u0103m sau sinh h\u1ea1 Ph\u1ee5c Hy. Trong \u201c\u0110\u00f4ng Chu li\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed\u201d n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ee5c Hy \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a theo s\u1ed1 Chu thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 Dao C\u1ea7m, d\u1ef1a theo h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u00e1nh chim ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 Ti\u00eau. \u201cTam Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7\u201d mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 Ph\u1ee5c Hy c\u00f3 \u201cm\u00ecnh r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mang theo Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d. \u00d4ng d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u v\u0103n t\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1eaft n\u00fat d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u201cng\u1ea9ng l\u00ean xem t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1eddi, c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00ecn ph\u00e9p \u0110\u1ea5t, quan s\u00e1t v\u0103n v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chim th\u00fa c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, g\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u1edf th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, xa th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra B\u00e1t Qu\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n minh, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt\u201d (1).<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch \u201cXu\u00e2n thu nguy\u00ean m\u1ec7nh bao\u201d vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u1eddi th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i, sau n\u0103m ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i, sau b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee7 r\u0103ng, l\u00ean ba tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec bi\u1ebft canh t\u00e1c tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt. Trong \u201cHo\u00e0i Nam T\u1eed – Tu V\u1ee5 Hu\u1ea5n\u201d c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng, Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec \u0103n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i do b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u1ea9m, ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau, c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i, cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ea1y d\u00e2n ch\u00fang gieo tr\u1ed3ng ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c\u201d. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ebfm b\u00e1ch th\u1ea3o\u201d. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n n\u1ebfm tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf c\u00e2y m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn 70 l\u1ea7n, sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y roi m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cd\u00f9ng roi \u0111\u1ecf qu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o c\u00e2y\u201d li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed9c, h\u00e0n, \u00f4n\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 y d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tam Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng N\u0103ng. Khi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n-nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f2n non n\u1edbt \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi chi\u1ebfc n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n linh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Trong \u201cS\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd\u201d c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u0169ng ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng, sau khi Adam v\u00e0 Eva b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfi V\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Jehovah \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec Adam v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 anh ta m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng da thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh y ph\u1ee5c cho h\u1ecd m\u1eb7c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5, d\u00e2n phong th\u1eadp ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean th\u00ec h\u1ee9ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eadt, c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec u\u1ed1ng su\u1ed1i ng\u1ecdt, M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00ean th\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng vui m\u1eebng v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu\u1eadn theo t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Trong \u201cHo\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf N\u1ed9i Kinh – Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 th\u00e1i ch\u00e2n lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1o, noi theo \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng lao l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi, qua tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ra \u0111i.\u201d L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u0169ng t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadn theo t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018tuy kh\u00f4ng tu \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea1o\u2019.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u1ea7n-nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong \u2018Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh Ng\u1ef1 L\u00e3m\u2019 quy\u1ec3n 15 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng Xi V\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi binh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. Hai b\u00ean khai tri\u1ec3n tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Tr\u00e1c L\u1ed9c. Xi V\u01b0u d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c su\u1ed1t ba ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3n, Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf b\u00e8n l\u1ec7nh cho Phong H\u1eadu l\u00e0m xe ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. Trong \u201cS\u01a1n H\u1ea3i Kinh – \u0110\u1ea1i Hoang B\u1eafc Kinh\u201d c\u0169ng ghi ch\u00e9p: Xi V\u01b0u tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed3i Phong B\u00e1 v\u00e0 V\u0169 S\u01b0 g\u00e2y ra m\u01b0a to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn. Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf b\u00e8n m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean n\u1eef t\u00ean \u201cB\u1ea1t\u201d, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Xi V\u01b0u.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Th\u1ea7n-nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p. N\u0103m C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean 1870, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ean Heinrich Schliemann \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di t\u00edch th\u00e0nh Troy t\u1ea1i Hisarlik, Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Troy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong \u201cS\u1eed thi Homer\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean s\u1eed thi \u201cIliad\u201d quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 20 c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cCh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Th\u1ea7n d\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n uy\u201d. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i Hy L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Troy, nh\u01b0 Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hermes, Apollo, Ares, Athena v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong \u201cIliad\u201d c\u0169ng t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cPhong Th\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a\u201d do H\u1ee9a Tr\u1ecdng L\u00e2m \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh vi\u1ebft. Trong truy\u1ec7n, L\u00e3o T\u1eed, Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y Thi\u00ean T\u00f4n v\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean Gi\u00e1o Ch\u1ee7 c\u00f9ng k\u00fd t\u00ean v\u00e0o B\u1ea3ng Phong Th\u1ea7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y Thi\u00ean T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0a cho Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Nha. Khi V\u0169 V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea1t Tr\u1ee5, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eed tr\u1eadn trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0i Phong Th\u1ea7n. Sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed Nha chi\u1ec3u theo B\u1ea3ng Phong Th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 phong t\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng linh h\u1ed3n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 phong cho h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh Th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c s\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau trong Tam Gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eed tr\u1eadn trong chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec5n, Na Tra, L\u00fd T\u0129nh, L\u00f4i Ch\u1ea5n T\u1eed\u2026 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t V\u0169 V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1ea9n c\u01b0 tu luy\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o ph\u1ebf, h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\u201d, c\u00e2u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i g\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u00e0 khi Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed kh\u00f3c b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi T\u1eed C\u1ed1ng r\u1eb1ng \u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u00f4 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u\u201d trong khi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nho gia l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a, n\u00f3i xa th\u00ec sau khi V\u0169 V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea1t Tr\u1ee5, l\u00fac t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n gian, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n qu\u00e1i l\u1ef1c lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb em trai Chu C\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Chu V\u0169 V\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0i n\u0103m, t\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Nam \u00c1 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kinh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba, \u00d4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu th\u1ebf t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. L\u00fac Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n. Khi \u1ea5y, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 B\u00e0 La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1t Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ed3m L\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, L\u1ee5c th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 L\u1ee5c ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc\u2026 Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang theo ghi ch\u00e9p trong \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m Kinh\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 16 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c, Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ec1 Qu\u1ed1c\u2026 Ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cng\u0169 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c th\u1ebf\u201d c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

500 n\u0103m sau khi Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Israel thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng Trung \u00c1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3 ra \u0111\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su – ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o. Sau khi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, Israel c\u0169ng \u0111ang r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n. Theo \u201cXu\u1ea5t Ai C\u1eadp k\u00fd\u201d trong \u201cC\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc to\u00e0n th\u01b0\u201d, khi Moses d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Ai C\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00ea-h\u00f4-va \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u201cM\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n\u201d cho Moses tr\u00ean n\u00fai Sinai, trong \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00fang t\u1ebf t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i bang. Do \u0111\u00f3 Israel \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecb Assyria, Babylon, Ba T\u01b0, Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3 th\u00f4n t\u00ednh. L\u00fac Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Augustus c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb Israel, khi \u1ea5y Do Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1i Pharisees, ph\u00e1i Sadducees, ph\u00e1i Zealots v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Essenes\u2026 Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Israel b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ph\u00fac \u00e2m, c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n

V\u00f4 lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, Gi\u00ea-su hay Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u sau khi Th\u1ea7n r\u1eddi b\u1ecf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 gi\u00e1ng sinh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ec3 quy ph\u1ea1m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 suy tho\u00e1i. Ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n… Ta \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i.\u201d C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n sau khi \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o suy vi. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, sau th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu, Nho-Ph\u1eadt-\u0110\u1ea1o tam gi\u00e1o c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e9n m\u00e0n khai m\u1edf.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u \u201cNg\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eafc quan t\u01b0\u1ee3ng vu thi\u00ean, ph\u1ee7 t\u1eafc quan ph\u00e1p vu \u0111\u1ecba, quan \u0111i\u1ec3u th\u00fa chi v\u0103n, d\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba chi nghi, c\u1eadn th\u1ee7 ch\u01b0 th\u00e2n, vi\u1ec5n th\u1ee7 ch\u01b0 v\u1eadt, \u01b0 th\u1ecb th\u1ee7y t\u00e1c b\u00e1t qu\u00e1i, d\u0129 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n minh chi \u0111\u1ee9c, d\u0129 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt chi t\u00ecnh\u201d (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Ng\u1ea9ng l\u00ean xem t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1eddi, c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng xem ph\u00e9p \u0110\u1ea5t, quan s\u00e1t v\u0103n v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a chim th\u00fa c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, g\u1ea7n th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u1edf th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, xa th\u00ec l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o ra B\u00e1t Qu\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n minh, th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 c\u00e1i t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt) c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u201cH\u1ec7 T\u1eeb Truy\u1ec7n\u201d do Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed c\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201cKinh D\u1ecbch\u201d.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/74797<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh 5000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa khai th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u201cNh\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u01a1 t\u1ed5\u201d – Hi\u00ean Vi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u1eed quan b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf trong s\u1eed li\u1ec7u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[142],"class_list":["post-53692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-than-chau-su-cuong"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTh\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2u s\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng (12): Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edfng - Tam gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gian - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2026\/04\/than-chau-su-cuong-12-than-ban-van-hoa-thanh-tuyet-huong-tam-giao-chu-tu-hanh-the-gian.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u1ea7n Ch\u00e2u s\u1eed c\u01b0\u01a1ng (12): Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edfng - Tam gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0 t\u1eed h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gian - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ChanhKien.org] N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh 5000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa khai th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u201cNh\u00e2n v\u0103n s\u01a1 t\u1ed5\u201d – Hi\u00ean Vi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf. 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