T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: T\u1ed5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n 5000 n\u0103m<\/i><\/p>\n
[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5<\/b><\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1912, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch qua Nh\u1eadt tr\u00e1nh h\u1ecda, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u00ean t\u1edd nguy\u1ec7t san \u201cQu\u00e2n Thanh\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1u b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n: \u201cT\u1eeb sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d, \u201cTi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa ch\u00fang ta\u201d. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh M\u00e3n Thanh v\u00f4 n\u0103ng n\u00ean \u201cc\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef, nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u1edbng so\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i, anh h\u00f9ng nh\u1ee5t ch\u00ed. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf, h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh h\u01a1n 4000 n\u0103m, gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho b\u00e8 l\u0169 t\u00f3c v\u00e0ng m\u1eaft xanh. Th\u1eadt \u0111au x\u00f3t l\u00e0m sao!\u201d \u2014 (Tr\u00edch trong t\u1eadp san Qu\u00e2n Thanh, 1912). \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 – ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i: \u201cN\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i \u00f4m gi\u1eef ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Washington, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Napoleon, \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh D\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\u201d, \u201cN\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, tr\u00e0n lan kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, v\u1eadt t\u01b0, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o n\u1eefa.\u201d \u2014 (\u201cTr\u00edch V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d, 1912).<\/p>\n
T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u00ean trong Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong b\u00e0i \u201cChi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i Balkan \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i giao gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p khi t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed giao thoa gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00c1 – \u00c2u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Balkan, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Sa ho\u00e0ng Nga v\u1edbi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong b\u00e0i \u201cGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, Anh v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m chia c\u1eaft M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u, ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 24, 25 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1912, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay Vi\u00ean Th\u1ebf Kh\u1ea3i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Nam Kinh \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh. Th\u00e1ng 3\/1913, nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u00e1m s\u00e1t, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, v\u0169 trang h\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Vi\u00ean Th\u1ebf Kh\u1ea3i. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n, t\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i \u00f4ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng C\u1ee5c Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o Giang Nam nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m sau, h\u1ecd Vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf \u201cHi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 6\/1914, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Hoa do T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00ean s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng Vi\u00ean Th\u1ebf Kh\u1ea3i, n\u00ean b\u1ecb truy n\u00e3. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1914 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1915, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ba l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1916, sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, Vi\u00ean Th\u1ebf Kh\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1eddi, L\u00ea Nguy\u00ean H\u1ed3ng l\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, \u201cHi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m th\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. N\u0103m 1917, sau khi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Hu\u00e2n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \u0110o\u00e0n K\u1ef3 Th\u1ee5y l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf \u201cHi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m th\u1eddi\u201d, li\u00ean minh c\u00f9ng Ph\u00f9ng Qu\u1ed1c Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e1c L\u00e2m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1917, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cHi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p l\u00e2m th\u1eddi\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p (b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p) \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i, v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, kh\u1edfi binh B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1t. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng K\u1ebf Nghi\u00eau (\u0110\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n V\u00e2n Nam), L\u1ee5c Vinh \u0110\u00ecnh (\u0110\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y) v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh (\u0110\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng) l\u00e0m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0 \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc\u201d cho T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc: \u201cQu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean 300.000 qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hai phe Ph\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 60.000\u201d, \u201cQu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tuy \u0111\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1o ph\u1ea1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00ec nh\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0110o\u00e0n th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ai\u201d. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn: \u201cQu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean chi\u1ebfm V\u0169 X\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Nam Kinh, r\u1ed3i h\u1ee3p qu\u00e2n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch d\u1ecdc s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh\u201d. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch t\u1eebng gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 trong Vi\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n (ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u1edf hai t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y), b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t. Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng xem tr\u1ecdng T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch ca ng\u1ee3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cVi\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thua c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 huynh\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed9c t\u00fa vu l\u00e2m phong t\u1ea5t t\u1ed3i chi.\u201d T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: C\u00e2y trong r\u1eebng m\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 cao, th\u00ec d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 qu\u1eadt g\u00e3y. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ee9ng trong nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n k\u1ef3 c\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n, kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ghen t\u1ef5, b\u00e0i x\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb, trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 12 l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 th\u00e2n t\u00edn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1920, tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n l\u00e0 Chu Ch\u1ea5p T\u00edn t\u1eed tr\u1eadn, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ea5p T\u00edn khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i hai c\u00e1nh tay. Th\u1ea5y huynh bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1ea3ng, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ai, duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a huynh m\u1edbi s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Ch\u1ea5p T\u00edn, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1921, m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch qua \u0111\u1eddi, hi\u1ebfu t\u1eed T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111au bu\u1ed3n th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft. Khi \u0111\u00f3 T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i v\u0103n t\u1ebf: \u201cT\u00f4n V\u0103n ch\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 quen bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u1ec7nh lang Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m, c\u00f9ng tr\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3m nguy, v\u00e0o sinh ra t\u1eed, t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7 t\u00fac, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ef1a v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1edbm t\u1ed1i b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xa r\u1eddi\u201d, \u201cNguy\u1ec7n \u0111em c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1, tuy hi\u1ec3m nguy kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a r\u00f5, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn linh ho\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u1ea3y, nh\u01b0 n\u00fai non ch\u1eb3ng d\u1eddi\u201d, \u201cQuen g\u1eb7p Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u1eadu \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a\u201d. T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf ni\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc T\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1eabu, d\u1ed1c h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trong t\u00e2m can \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, n\u00eau b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 xem tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m ph\u00fac m\u00e0 \u00f4ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 16\/6\/1922, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh, t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Vi\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng binh bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng. T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u00e0u V\u0129nh Phong \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh tai h\u1ecda. Ng\u00e0y 18, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n cho T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch: \u201cVi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, mong v\u1ec1 s\u1edbm\u201d. Ng\u00e0y 29, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 t\u1eeb Chi\u1ebft Giang tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, l\u00ean t\u00e0u V\u0129nh Phong. T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n vui m\u1eebng kh\u00f4n xi\u1ebft: \u201cM\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7n binh\u201d. Sau khi hay tin T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch l\u00ean t\u00e0u V\u0129nh Phong, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh r\u1ea5t lo l\u1eafng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 b\u00ean T\u00f4n ti\u00ean sinh, ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u m\u01b0u ma ch\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ef7. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n an nguy c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 su\u1ed1t 42 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n v\u00e0 xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m. Sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u201cK\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u\u201d. T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1a: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc binh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ecbch t\u1eb7c h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n, Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1 nguy nan v\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, l\u00ean t\u00e0u V\u0129nh Phong h\u1ed9 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n vui bu\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhau\u201d. Sau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng nhau, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1921, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 Marie Sneevliet h\u1ecfi T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u1edf Qu\u1ebf L\u00e2m: C\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00f4n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, Nghi\u00eau, Thu\u1ea5n, V\u0169, Thang, V\u0103n, V\u0169, Chu C\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nhau kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa\u201d. Theo h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Marie Sneevliet kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n v\u1eabn tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi y nguy\u00ean v\u1eady. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ef1c ra, \u00fd c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Tam d\u00e2n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u300eThi\u00ean H\u1ea1 Vi C\u00f4ng\u300f\u201d \u2014 (Tr\u00edch \u201cB\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Tam d\u00e2n\u201d).<\/p>\n
L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt anh h\u00f9ng g\u00e1nh tr\u00ean vai tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 do S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf Ch\u1ee7 an b\u00e0i, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n dang d\u1edf c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Tam d\u00e2n. Trong m\u1eaft T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n, nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7m qu\u00e2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cd\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n\u201d (theo l\u1eddi T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n), \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.epochtimes.com\/b5\/16\/12\/5\/n8561572.htm<\/a><\/p>\n