T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: T\u1ed5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n 5.000 n\u0103m<\/i><\/p>\n
[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang. T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u n\u0103m 1895 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Ho\u00e0ng Hoa C\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1911, c\u1ea3 10 l\u1ea7n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ec1u do \u00f4ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u01b0ng Trung h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng T\u00f4n V\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed3ng Minh h\u1ed9i \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 Thanh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a V\u0169 X\u01b0\u01a1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh M\u00e3n Thanh b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. Sau khi T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb Vi\u00ean Th\u1ebf Kh\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e2n qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn lu\u00f4n ch\u1ef1c ch\u1edd nh\u01b0 h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n mang l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i. Khi \u0111\u00f3, Trung Hoa D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eeba m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n, n\u00ean kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng thi tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f9ng t\u00e2m tr\u00e1ng ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng 9\/1917, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Hoa D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p. \u00d4ng d\u00f9ng \u201cK\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1t \u0110o\u00e0n K\u1ef3 Th\u1ee5y, m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng li\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 tin chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u00e1o v\u1ec1. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t \u0110i\u1ec1n Qu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng K\u1ebf Nghi\u00eau v\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Vinh \u0110\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00e2m m\u01b0u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh nh\u1eb1m l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i. Th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m sau, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean so\u00e1i, khi r\u1eddi Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTheo t\u00f4i, m\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u0169 trang tranh h\u00f9ng. Mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 hai con c\u1ea7y h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00f2 ri\u00eang\u201d. Th\u00e1ng 1\/1921, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u. Th\u00e1ng 4, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Vi\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1t th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y 16\/6\/1922, Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh tr\u1edf m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n, n\u00e9m bom Ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng, bu\u1ed9c T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n binh bi\u1ebfn Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa n\u00eau b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng 1\/1924, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00fang ngay cao tr\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Nga. C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 Borodin c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c (\u0110CSTQ) \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ea5y T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch sau khi th\u0103m Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 T\u01b0\u1edfng tham gia \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng c\u1eed T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7y ban tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch v\u00ec b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110CSTQ \u201cd\u1ef1a Nga \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u201d n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea. T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c gi\u1eef \u00f4ng. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch sau n\u00e0y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n
\u201cQu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 g\u1eedi \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c, r\u1eb1ng anh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang ta, r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed \u0110\u1edbi Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00e0o tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Ph\u1ee5ng H\u00f3a, chuy\u1ec3n l\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nghe vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d \u2014 (T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc Nga X\u00f4 Vi\u1ebft \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d).<\/p>\n
Sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00e0u V\u0129nh Phong 2 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian n\u1eefa v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng trong 50 n\u0103m. Trong b\u00e0i v\u0103n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u201cQu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u2018Con t\u00e0u s\u1ebd s\u1edbm thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ta t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 10 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng anh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m n\u1eefa, mong anh h\u00e3y ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Tam D\u00e2n, gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh v\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng!\u2019 Nghe xong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, t\u00f4i th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 an \u1ee7i l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha \u1ea5y, lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1p r\u1eb1ng \u2018Trung Ch\u00ednh n\u0103m nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 36 tu\u1ed5i\u2019. Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i: \u2018Cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ta, g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, nay t\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecbch \u00e1m h\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c sau n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc th\u00ec anh h\u00e3y v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (Tam D\u00e2n), ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u 50 n\u0103m n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u l\u1eafm\u2019\u201d. Tr\u1eddi cao \u0111\u00e3 an b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh ph\u00eda sau T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n l\u00e8o l\u00e1i v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Tam D\u00e2n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u trong su\u1ed1t 50 n\u0103m. T\u1eeb sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean con t\u00e0u V\u0129nh Phong n\u0103m 1922 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 khi T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1 th\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t 53 n\u0103m d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 sinh t\u1eed su\u1ed1t 42 ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean t\u00e0u V\u0129nh Phong, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 xem T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. V\u1eady n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng c\u1eed T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn Li\u00ean X\u00f4, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 giao ph\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng 6\/1924, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c khai gi\u1ea3ng, ng\u00e0y 8\/5, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng l\u1ee9a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean: \u201cCh\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c suy b\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t, d\u00e2n sinh \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng tr\u00e0n lan, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed1i ren, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, t\u1eeb th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng trong \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed trong Ban ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u gian nan v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec\u201d. \u00d4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? V\u1eady ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo ch\u00ednh l\u00fd, \u0111i theo \u0111\u00fang qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, \u201cN\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed trong tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1edbi c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ebfp n\u1ea1n\u201d \u2014 (T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d, 1924).<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n hy sinh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh: \u201cB\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u2018t\u1eed\u2019 trong sinh t\u1eed m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u2018t\u1eed\u2019. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d ra, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tham s\u1ed1ng s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tham s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, \u201cV\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3i: \u2018C\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft n\u1eb7ng t\u1ef1a Th\u00e1i S\u01a1n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 t\u1ef1a l\u00f4ng h\u1ed3ng\u2019. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 n\u00fai Th\u00e1i S\u01a1n, th\u00ec \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea3ng, v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u1ea5y c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d \u2014 (T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d, 1924).<\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i li\u1ec5n, v\u1ebf tr\u00ean vi\u1ebft: \u201cTh\u0103ng quan ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i th\u1ec9nh v\u00e3ng tha x\u1ee9\u201d (Th\u0103ng quan ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i, m\u1eddi \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c\u201d, v\u00e0 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: \u201cTham sinh ph\u1ea1 t\u1eed v\u1eadt nh\u1eadp t\u01b0 m\u00f4n\u201d (Tham s\u1ed1ng s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eebng v\u00e0o c\u1eeda n\u00e0y), qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t cao \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e1ch th\u00e9p<\/b><\/p>\n
Sau khi H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y ng\u00e0y b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c m\u0169 \u00e1o, chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 s\u1ef9 quan hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1eafn s\u00fang, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh khu k\u00fd t\u00fac c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e1c phong cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n x\u1eed l\u00fd. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 500 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u do ch\u00ednh T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch chi\u00eau sinh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cDanh m\u1ee5c s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc\u201d cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i\u2026 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 42 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed1n, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o 3 n\u0103m 1 kh\u00f3a, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, l\u1ee9a h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5\/5\/1924, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 8\/11 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u1eeda n\u0103m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. Theo h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Linh, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ai c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ba th\u00e1ng, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00ec Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t vong trong ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung h\u00f2a th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng \u2013 (V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 Linh, \u201cH\u1ed3i \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1\u201d).<\/p>\n
T\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 10, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u00e0n Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1ee6y ban C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1eed 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m \u1ee7y vi\u00ean to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0y 9\/10, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch: \u201cC\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay do ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n, Tinh V\u1ec7 duy tr\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t khi v\u1ee1 tr\u1eadn, th\u00ec h\u00e3y mau ch\u00f3ng r\u00fat \u0111ao tr\u1ea3m k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u1ee7y ban c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Tinh V\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f4ng d\u00e0i.\u201d \u2014 (\u201cTh\u01b0 g\u1eedi T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch\u201d). Ng\u00e0y 15, t\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 13\/11, T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e1c L\u00e2m, \u0110o\u00e0n K\u1ef3 Th\u1ee5y v\u00e0 Ph\u00f9ng Ng\u1ecdc T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi \u0111i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch: \u201cH\u00f4m nay, nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1\u2026 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh m\u1ec7nh m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. H\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y mai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n dang d\u1edf, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng an l\u00f2ng\u201d. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 di ng\u00f4n T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 1\/2\/1925, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 2 v\u00e0 L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n 7 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n \u0111i th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1t Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh. Sau 2 th\u00e1ng giao tranh \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 Giang T\u00e2y. T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n H\u1ee3i n\u0103m 1911 l\u00e0 Di\u00eau V\u0169 B\u00ecnh t\u1eebng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: \u00d4ng T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ec5n chinh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111eo l\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u xung phong.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 hy sinh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o. H\u01a1n 400 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch vi\u1ebft trong \u201cL\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1925: \u201cV\u1edbi 500 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean kh\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t chinh, c\u00f9ng 3.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed thu\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, t\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea5t \u2153, ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111au l\u00f2ng!\u201d<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y 10\/2, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00f4ng chinh, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n
Th\u00e2n su\u1ea5t tam thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed binh,
\nSi h\u00e0o v\u1ecb t\u0129nh th\u1eed \u0111\u00f4ng chinh.
\nGian nan c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4 ph\u1eabn,
\nHuy ki\u1ebfm tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf l\u1ec7 ho\u00e0nh.
\nBi ph\u1eabn chi t\u00ecnh, d\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n ta so\u00e1i l\u0129nh ba ngh\u00ecn qu\u00e2n h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean,
\nB\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh xong n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4ng chinh
\nCu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y gian nan kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4 ph\u1eabn (s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c),
\nVung cao ki\u1ebfm l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung \u0111\u00f4i h\u00e0ng l\u1ec7
\nT\u00e2m t\u00ecnh bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1eabn u\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft l\u00ean trang gi\u1ea5y<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch th\u01a1:<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n so\u00e1i l\u0129nh ba ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ec7
\nPh\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a an ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4ng chinh
\nC\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gian nan, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, ph\u1eabn
\nVung thanh tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfm, l\u1ec7 hai h\u00e0ng
\nPh\u1eabn u\u1ea5t \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eedi v\u00e0o th\u01a1<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n \u0110i\u1ec1n, Qu\u1ebf (t\u1ea1i V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y) c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng Hy M\u1eabn v\u00e0 L\u01b0u Ch\u1ea5n Ho\u00e0n. Th\u00e1ng 10 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u00f4ng chinh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u00fdnh Minh, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n do T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u201cd\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 V\u1ea1n L\u00fd Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e0nh\u201d.<\/p>\n
B\u00e0i x\u00e3 lu\u1eadn \u201cD\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o\u201d \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u00d4ng T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n \u00e1o gi\u00e1p v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ta\u201d, \u201cV\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o \u00f4ng m\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch, khi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i suy tho\u00e1i th\u00ec nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o \u00f4ng m\u00e0 thanh tr\u1eeb, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p. \u00d4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n\u201d…<\/p>\n
T\u1ed5ng B\u00ed th\u01b0 \u0110CSTQ l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed9c T\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1eadp san s\u1ed1 ra h\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tay t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh cho \u0111\u1ea3ng. D\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t l\u1ebb t\u1ebb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng V\u00e2n Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111ang s\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec5u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t bao n\u0103m qua, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh s\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c, thu thu\u1ebf cao, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng lao hi\u1ec3n h\u00e1ch cho Qu\u1ed1c D\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa n\u1ed7i o\u00e1n h\u1eadn bao n\u0103m v\u1eabn l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t t\u00f2ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Trung S\u01a1n ti\u00ean sinh\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4n Trung S\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Tam D\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua ba b\u01b0\u1edbc: qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, hu\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh. N\u0103m 1914, trong Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p chung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Trung Hoa do \u00f4ng ban h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 chia th\u00e0nh ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3: (1) Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh: Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c d\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho Trung Hoa D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c; (2) Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 hu\u1ea5n ch\u00ednh: Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u0103n minh, \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; (3) Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn: Sau khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1ee7y ban hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p, ng\u00e0y hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 2 n\u0103m sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1, T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a \u201cqu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh\u201d. Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 l\u00e0 con \u00e1t ch\u1ee7 b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia. T\u01b0\u1edfng C\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n th\u1ed5 ph\u1ec9, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi cha c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia\u201d, c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1939, th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i \u201c\u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u201d c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Yasuji Okamura \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cC\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng Nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 400 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u1ea1p nham th\u00e0nh 2 tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1, v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1edbi Th\u1ea1ch, trong c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang m\u1ea5t \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean do d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u1eb9 uy l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d, \u201cN\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o tr\u00e8o c\u00e2y b\u1eaft c\u00e1\u201d.<\/p>\n
(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n
https:\/\/www.epochtimes.com\/b5\/16\/12\/5\/n8561630.htm<\/a><\/p>\n