{"id":53356,"date":"2026-03-15T10:22:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T03:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=53356"},"modified":"2026-03-18T12:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T05:04:19","slug":"tro-lua-tien-hoa-3-dinh-luat-tai-dien-phoi-thai-la-gia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2026\/03\/tro-lua-tien-hoa-3-dinh-luat-tai-dien-phoi-thai-la-gia.html","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (3): \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n ph\u00f4i thai l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hoa Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p<\/i><\/p>\n

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

(\u1ea2nh: Theo The Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n

Trong hai b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u201cPiltdown\u201d<\/a>, Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (2): S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ed9 t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java<\/a>), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i hai \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d (Piltdown Man) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eafp gh\u00e9p gi\u1eefa \u201cs\u1ecd ng\u01b0\u1eddi + h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi su\u1ed1t 41 n\u0103m; \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d (Java Man) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u201cs\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3n + x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d c\u00e1ch nhau 45 feet. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne Dubois \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, coi nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft Dubois ph\u00e1t minh ra \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java l\u00e0 Ernst Haeckel, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Trong b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u00f3c tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u201cth\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n

29. Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Haeckel tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y n\u0103m sau khi Darwin cho ra m\u1eaft cu\u1ed1n \u201cNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i\u201d, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1866, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c, khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi 32 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 Ernst Haeckel \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n (c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc di truy\u1ec1n) (recapitulation law), c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n (Recapitulation theory), quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t sinh ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i (phylogenetic view), hay \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sinh sinh h\u1ecdc (biogenetic law). N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec3n v\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh \u201cLaw\u201d (\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt), b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Ohm (Ohm\u2019s law), khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Chuy\u00ean gia ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ernst Haeckel \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d, cung c\u1ea5p cho thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. (T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng)<\/i><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o h\u1ecdc sinh su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m. (T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng: ph\u00f4i thai th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa, chim, b\u00f2 s\u00e1t, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111u\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u00e2y; qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f4i thai \u0111\u00e3 \u201ct\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u201cch\u1ee9ng minh\u201d l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 sau: c\u00e1 \u2192 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0 \u2192 b\u00f2 s\u00e1t \u2192 chim v\u00e0 th\u00fa (\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa).<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y? Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kho\u00e1c l\u00ean m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d (law), n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch.<\/p>\n

30. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb phanh phui<\/b><\/p>\n

Haeckel l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc, c\u00f2n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00f4i thai h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 do \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ph\u00f4i h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kinh ng\u1ea1c, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Khi xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Haeckel \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

Haeckel cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cmang\u201d \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tai gi\u1eefa, tuy\u1ebfn c\u1eadn gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u1ee9c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a mang, b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng mang c\u00e1. Ch\u00ednh Haeckel \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd v\u1ebd n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng mang c\u00e1, khe mang. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111u\u00f4i\u201d m\u00e0 Haeckel v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm h\u01a1n ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. [1]<\/p>\n

31. Thua ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o Haeckel c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi gian l\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Jena (\u0110\u1ee9c), Haeckel th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng: \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung nh\u1eefng m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu, v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 \u00edt. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng c\u00f2n n\u00f3i: \u201cSau khi t\u00f4i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m b\u1ecb giam c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u00e1t vai b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ee7i. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd trong nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i\u201d. [2]<\/p>\n

32. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 ph\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Erich Blechschmidt kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c Haeckel l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb phanh phui. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u201cThe Beginnings of Human Life\u201d (Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi), d\u00f9ng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean\u201d trong ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. [3]<\/p>\n

V\u00ec sao \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa? B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00edt \u1ecfi, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh phong, khi\u1ebfn \u0111a s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

33. L\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u1eefa<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00e1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u1edf London M. K. Richardson \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00f4i thai su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cc\u00e1\u201d. \u00d4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u201cgi\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1997, \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb 17 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a 50 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cAnatomy & Embryology\u201d v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1: \u201cThere is no highly conserved embryonic stage in the vertebrates: implications for current theories of evolution and development\u201d (Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n cao \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng: h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay).<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u201ch\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ph\u00f4i thai c\u1ee7a Haeckel\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cn\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u201d nh\u1ea5t trong sinh h\u1ecdc. Haeckel kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00eam th\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00f4i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 \u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, ngay c\u1ea3 khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng v\u1ebd cho ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ph\u00f4i th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt do nh\u00f3m ph\u00f4i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Richardson c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d trong ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn (h\u00ecnh do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, \u1ea3nh g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o [4]).<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ph\u00f4i thai th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o sai kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn; nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o m\u00e0 Haeckel d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. [4]<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

(1) C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f4i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm m\u00e0 Haeckel n\u00eau ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1; s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

(2) \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm m\u00e0 Haeckel v\u1ebd, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f4i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng Haeckel \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n

(3) Haeckel c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ph\u00f4i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u1edbi lo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u01b0, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00f4i \u1ebfch, v\u00ec ph\u00f4i \u1ebfch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

(4) Haeckel x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u0169i, tim, gan\u2026, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ea7m tay, m\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00f4i c\u00e1.<\/p>\n

(5) Haeckel t\u00f4 \u0111en m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i g\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c; c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00f4i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed co gi\u00e3n \u0111\u1ebfn 10 l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 9 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m, tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Science, nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cHaeckel\u2019s Embryos: Fraud Rediscovered\u201d (\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Haeckel m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o) [6]. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y s\u1edbm \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb phanh phui. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi trong gi\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, n\u00ean v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u1eefa. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

34. \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i (\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb internet).<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n\u201d c\u1ee7a Haeckel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa sinh h\u1ecdc trung h\u1ecdc \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 m\u1edbi b\u1ecb l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u00fd do. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng trang web l\u1edbn c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 B\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Baidu, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5y trang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u201ct\u1ea9y n\u00e3o\u201d ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/i><\/p>\n

1. Harun Yahya, The Evolution Deceit, Global Publishing, ISBN-13 978-9756579381, 1 Jan. 2001.<\/p>\n

2. M. Bowden, Ape-men: Fact or Fallacy? Sovereign Publications, Edition 2nd, ISBN-13 978-0950604213, 1 Jan. 1981.<\/p>\n

3. [\u5fb7]\u5e03\u840a\u8d6b\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\uff08 Erich Blechschmidt\uff09\uff0c\u9673\u990a\u6b63\u7b49\u8b6f\uff0c \u300a\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u59cb\u300b \uff08The Beginnings of Human Life\uff09\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1987\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\uff0c31\u201438\uff0c52\u201457\u3002<\/p>\n

4. MK Richardson, et al., There is no highly conserved embryonic stage in the vertebrates: implications for current theories of evolution and development, Anatomy and embryology, 30 Jul, 1997, Doi:10.1007\/s004290050082<\/p>\n

5. Richardson, M. et al., A question of intent: when is a \u300eschematic\u300f illustration a fraud? Nature 410, 144, 8 Mar. 2001, doi:10.1038\/35065834<\/p>\n

6. Pennisi E., et al., Haeckel\u2019s embryos: fraud rediscovered. Science, 277(5331):1435, 1997, doi:10.1126\/science.277.5331.1435a<\/p>\n

(Theo The Epoch Times)<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/300557<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hoa Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p [ChanhKien.org] (\u1ea2nh: Theo The Epoch Times) Trong hai b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc (Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (1) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u201cPiltdown\u201d, Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (2): S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ed9 t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java), ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i hai \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":53255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[629],"class_list":["post-53356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phan-tich-binh-luan","tag-tro-lua-tien-hoa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (3): \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n ph\u00f4i thai l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 - 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