![](\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/id14667913-a9ac41ee5b07df56c93440772c080d89-image.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nT\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java. (\u1ea2nh: h\u00ecnh do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ef1ng)<\/i><\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1929, t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi – \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d B\u1eafc Kinh. T\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra tranh c\u00e3i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn; ph\u1ea7n sau s\u1ebd n\u00f3i chi ti\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Java.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o ra h\u1ed3n sao? M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 G. H. R. Von Koenigswald, \u00f4ng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n. N\u0103m 1930, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn Java v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n H\u00e0 Lan. \u00d4ng hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Java \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/p>\n
Trong cu\u1ed1n Meeting Prehistoric Man (Ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed), \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cD\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n B\u1eafc Kinh, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i hi\u1ec7n nay\u201d.<\/p>\n
36. Sa c\u01a1 g\u1eb7p \u201cqu\u00fd nh\u00e2n\u201d, k\u1ebb l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n<\/b><\/p>\n
Sau n\u0103m n\u0103m theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java, d\u00f9 G. H. R. Von Koenigswald \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch v\u1ee5n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1935, gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i C\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1936, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n do Koenigswald thu\u00ea t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u1eeda h\u00e0m tr\u00ean b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n). Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khai qu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Nh\u01b0ng Koenigswald kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d – thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi!<\/p>\n
\u201cPh\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng P. T. de Chardin \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m. Trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Chardin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Piltdown. \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Charles Dawson – ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Piltdown v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Arthur Smith Woodward – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d, \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng nanh c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i gi\u0169a tinh x\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m trung gian gi\u1eefa v\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Woodward r\u1eb1ng \u201cnh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u0103ng nanh\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 chen ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1936, khi Chardin \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Koenigswald, v\u1ee5 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Piltdown v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, P. T. de Chardin kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d B\u1eafc Kinh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng (ph\u1ea7n sau s\u1ebd v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n v\u1ee5 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d B\u1eafc Kinh), khi\u1ebfn danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n
Trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Chardin, G. H. R. Von Koenigswald v\u1eeba m\u1eebng v\u1eeba lo, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c cung k\u00ednh l\u1eafng nghe. Sau khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java m\u1edbi, Chardin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch \u201cxoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n\u201d: khuy\u00ean Koenigswald li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc Carnegie (Carnegie Institution for Science) l\u00e0 John Campbell Merriam.<\/p>\n
V\u1eady Merriam l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n
37. M\u00ea mu\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u01b0\u1edbp V\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng<\/b><\/p>\n
Qu\u1ef9 t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n Carnegie do \u00f4ng vua th\u00e9p Andrew Carnegie th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i Washington (M\u1ef9) n\u0103m 1902. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, y t\u1ebf sang khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201cthuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi Qu\u1ef9 Rockefeller \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. So ra th\u00ec Qu\u1ef9 Carnegie tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n
John Campbell Merriam, khi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Carnegie \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb n\u0103m 1925: \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u2026 Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi V\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m l\u1eeda treo tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026 Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp r\u1eb1ng: \u2018Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn \u0110\u1ecba \u0110\u00e0ng, \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m l\u1eeda treo tr\u00ean cao, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y soi s\u00e1ng c\u00e2y s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n
Mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9ng ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf? \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tham v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao n\u00e0y, theo \u00f4ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ki\u1ec3u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5p v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec sao Merriam mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n
38. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng kho\u00e1c \u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc<\/b><\/p>\n
B\u1ea3ng 1: B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\/tu h\u00e0nh. Khoa h\u1ecdc\/\u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/p>\n
1. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ni\u1ec1m tin: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o – Tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c, sau \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea7n, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn Th\u1ea7n. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi tin ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u1ec1 sau d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng v\u1eabn tin. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 (kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3).<\/p>\n
2. Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 khai s\u00e1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai s\u00e1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc Charles Darwin (Alfred Russel Wallace b\u1ecb g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf).<\/p>\n
3. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: C\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
4. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh t\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
5. Gi\u00e1o quy: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt do gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Khoa h\u1ecdc: C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ai tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
6. Ph\u1ea1m vi bao qu\u00e1t: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n chi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi sinh m\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n
7. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00fap th\u00e2n t\u00e2m l\u1ee3i \u00edch, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ba chi\u1ec1u, b\u1ecf qua nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Sai so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00fa, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n
8. Ni\u1ec1m tin chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Tin m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. Khoa h\u1ecdc: V\u1eeba tin khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eeba tin Th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t (nh\u01b0 Isaac Newton). Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Th\u1ea7n S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf, tin ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00ec b\u00f3p m\u00e9o Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n
9. Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i khoa h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u00eanh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/p>\n
10. Gi\u00e1o s\u0129: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. Khoa h\u1ecdc: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9c danh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, chuy\u00ean gia tin thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/p>\n
11. Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y khoa h\u1ecdc g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n
12. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Vi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3. C\u01a1 quan \u201cnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
13. Tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t: T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o: Vi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb khai tr\u1eeb. Khoa h\u1ecdc: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf gi\u1ec5u<\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Khoa h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f2n thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho ni\u1ec1m tin, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kho\u00e1c \u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, khoa h\u1ecdc cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng suy \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, n\u00eau ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee3i sau khi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201csuy \u0111o\u00e1n thi\u1ec7n \u00fd\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i ng\u00e0nh. Th\u1ef1c ra, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n b\u00f3c tr\u1ea7n sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9\u201d \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n Carnegie l\u00e0 John Campbell Merriam \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm r\u1ea5t chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, b\u1edfi v\u00ec thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ki\u1ec3u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ecbp – chuy\u00ean gia ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Pierre Teilhard de Chardin khi \u0111\u1ec3 G. H. R. von Koenigswald li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7n Carnegie l\u00e0 Merriam, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Merriam.<\/p>\n
39. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng trong ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh t\u00edch<\/b><\/p>\n
G. H. R. von Koenigswald l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 cho John Campbell Merriam, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d quan tr\u1ecdng – \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d m\u1edbi. Merriam h\u1ed3i \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1 \u201cH\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d (symposium on early man and the origins of the human race) do Vi\u1ec7n Carnegie t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Philadelphia v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 03 n\u0103m 1937. T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3, Koenigswald, khi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t xu d\u00ednh t\u00fai, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gia nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n
D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9\u201d cho thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
40. H\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch d\u00f9ng m\u01b0u k\u1ebf, gom g\u00f3p kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m hay c\u00f9ng t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nhau 10 th\u00e1ng, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb hai n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch nhau 45 feet. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, n\u00ean lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt nghi v\u1ea5n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne Dubois c\u0169ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau – ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thua, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Dubois, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ef9 Carnegie h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn, G. H. R. von Koenigswald quay l\u1ea1i Java v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 06 n\u0103m 1937. V\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y thu ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Khi ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng, mang c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ngay c\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e9 g\u00e1i c\u0169ng tham gia\u2026 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho h\u1ecd xem m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, treo th\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd, m\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng 1 h\u00e0o! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 n\u1eeda xu ho\u1eb7c 1 xu\u2026 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch v\u00e2y quanh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i leo l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i, thu th\u1eadp t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn sau l\u01b0ng t\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i b\u00e1n theo t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n!\u2026 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng 40 m\u1ea3nh h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, trong \u0111\u00f3 30 m\u1ea3nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd, gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd \u2018v\u01b0\u1ee3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng\u2019 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u2014 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u00f3!\u201d<\/p>\n
H\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d m\u00e0 Koenigswald t\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady – gom g\u00f3p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i! Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng Java II\u201d.<\/p>\n
C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d c\u1ee7a Koenigswald \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p khai qu\u1eadt theo t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n
41. N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng k\u00edch ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i<\/b><\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom g\u00f3p t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u00e0y (b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gh\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng mong mu\u1ed1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch), ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java I\u201d m\u00e0 Eug\u00e8ne Dubois ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi cho Dubois m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
G. H. R. von Koenigswald cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d do Dubois ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1n qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, qu\u00e1 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (qu\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o), c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1eaft x\u00edch trung gian trong ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1eaft x\u00edch trung gian c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch then ch\u1ed1t: \u0110\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng\u201d?! Dubois \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m khi gh\u00e9p th\u00eam x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 45 feet, nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng\u201d, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y Dubois \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m. C\u00f2n Koenigswald, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ed9p s\u1ecd linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gom g\u00f3p t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng? Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch chi d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c \u201cchuy\u00ean gia\u201d s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u00fd do\u201d kh\u00e1c: \u201c\u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc\u201d. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2014 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc n\u1ecbch r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng\u201d!<\/p>\n
42. Sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc\u201d, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a<\/b><\/p>\n
Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc\u201d? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n
(1) C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a;<\/p>\n
(2) D\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u x\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m logic \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh! N\u00f3i nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n logic, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3ng 2: B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ea7m logic c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i<\/p>\n
Logic ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\/ V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/p>\n
1. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh: Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \/ B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/p>\n
2. Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \/ Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/p>\n
3. Suy lu\u1eadn nh\u1ecf: M\u1eaft x\u00edch trung gian c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i \/ B\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m<\/p>\n
4. T\u00ecm ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9: Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai lo\u00e0i (Koenigswald gom g\u00f3p t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh m\u1eaft x\u00edch trung gian gi\u1eefa v\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) \/ V\u00ec ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m<\/p>\n
5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Do \u0111\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \/ Do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ng\u1ed1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n<\/p>\n
6. L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Koenigswald c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang \/ \u201cSai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn!<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u2192 v\u00ec v\u1eady ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y trong logic g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u2013 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v.v.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n 0 \u0111i\u1ec3m! V\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, d\u00f9ng logic \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i g\u00ec b\u1ea1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Sau h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m b\u1ecb \u201ct\u1ea9y n\u00e3o\u201d b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn, gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 \u00edt ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t\u201d ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1 0!<\/p>\n
\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng Java II\u201d c\u1ee7a Koenigswald, logic ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: V\u00ec h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3), n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d (th\u1ef1c ra \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c; c\u00e1i t\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm khi nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u01b0\u1ee3n); V\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d, n\u00ean n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 x\u01b0\u01a1ng chi d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u00f3 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d! M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba logic \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
43. Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, h\u1eadu b\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng nghe, gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cKoenigswald \u0111ang d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o!\u201d \u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d l\u00e0 Dubois \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Dubois gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d do m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i sai l\u1ea7m, h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3, Dubois c\u0169ng n\u1ec3 m\u1eb7t Koenigswald m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam: \u201cKoenigswald c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd.\u201d<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng Koenigswald kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201cng\u00f4i sao\u201d c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a! C\u00f2n Dubois, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a xem l\u00e0 l\u00e3o gi\u00e0 l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n
H\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java m\u1edbi\u201d c\u1ee7a Koenigswald nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Weidenreich (F. Weidenreich). Weidenreich l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch khai qu\u1eadt \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n B\u1eafc Kinh\u201d. H\u1ecd li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Koenigswald \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y tranh c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Oakley (Edward Oakley), ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra: \u201cKh\u1ed1i h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1936 l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Koenigswald ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Trung Java; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i!\u201d<\/p>\n
Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi nghi v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Oakley? H\u1ecd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hai m\u1eb7t: M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Oakley, nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java m\u1edbi\u201d, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ng\u01a1, gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ebfc, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 im l\u1eb7ng. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ch\u1ee5p m\u0169 cho \u00f4ng, d\u00f9 sao Oakley c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia trong ng\u00e0nh. Tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Java, e r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
44. Nh\u1eefng \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java v\u1ec1 sau, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t ai?<\/b><\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Java l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i thu gom, mua \u0111i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i; nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1eabn nhau theo ki\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1973, Teuku Jacob \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng\u201d th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau \u1edf Java: \u201cC\u00e1c di ch\u1ec9 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb s\u1ea3n sinh phong ph\u00fa ho\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2026 Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng che gi\u1ea5u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu th\u1eadp h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 cao. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y b\u00e1n gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc sao? Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n mang t\u00ednh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, t\u1ea1o ra th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh ph\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. H\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t ai \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n
(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/i><\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n
1. Von Koenigswald G., Weidenreich F.\uff0cDiscovery of an Additional Pithecanthropus Skull. Nature, 142:715, 15 Oct 1938, doi:10.1038\/142715a0<\/p>\n
2. Von Koenigswald G., et. al., The Relationship between Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus. Nature 144, 926-929, 2 Dec. 1939. doi:10.1038\/144926a0<\/p>\n
3. Von Koenigswald G., Dating Early Man. Nature 207, 796-797, 21 Aug 1965. doi:10.1038\/207796b0<\/p>\n
4. Michael A. Cremo, Richard L. Thompson, The Hidden History of the Human Race:The Condensed Edition of Forbidden Archeology, Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, Edition 2nd. ISBN-13 978-0892133253, 15 May 1999.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/www.epochtimes.com\/b5\/26\/1\/2\/n14667911.htm\/amp<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hoa Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p [ChanhKien.org] Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. (\u1ea2nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb website) Trong ba ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc (\u201cTr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (1): Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Piltdown\u201d, \u201cTr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (2): S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ed9 t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[629],"class_list":["post-53351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phan-tich-binh-luan","tag-tro-lua-tien-hoa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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