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<\/a><\/p>\nDubois (E. Dubois) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trung h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan, d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc. (\u1ea2nh: ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng)<\/i><\/p>\n
Dubois (Eug\u00e8ne Dubois) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean trung h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan, d\u1ea1y gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Darwin, tha thi\u1ebft mong m\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0110\u00f4ng Phi v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n. Khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed v\u1eadn may. \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n xin nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. N\u0103m 1887, \u00f4ng xin l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n y t\u1ea1i Sumatra, sang \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1.<\/p>\n
16. \u0110\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh s\u1ecd \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1888, Dubois c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn Sumatra. Ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n y nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai qu\u1eadt h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. M\u00f9a kh\u00f4 n\u0103m 1891, \u00f4ng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi d\u1ecdc b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Solo tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Java, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Th\u00e1ng Ch\u00edn, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i tinh tinh \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng; \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng g\u1edd tr\u00ean \u1ed5 m\u1eaft nh\u00f4 cao r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y tr\u00ean \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n\u201d c\u00f9ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n
17. \u1ede kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch 45 feet, l\u1ef1a ra m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n
Sau m\u00f9a m\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 n\u0103m 1892, Dubois ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi. Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, trong c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u01a1u, t\u00ea gi\u00e1c, linh c\u1ea9u, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, l\u1ee3n, h\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i voi l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd tinh tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc 45 feet (13,7 m\u00e9t). Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng h\u00e0m n\u1eefa \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd 10 feet.<\/p>\n
18. Gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o, \u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft\u201d g\u00e2y kinh ng\u1ea1c<\/b><\/p>\n
Khi \u0111\u00f3 Dubois ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft tin r\u1eb1ng r\u0103ng h\u00e0m, m\u1ea3nh s\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i tinh tinh c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 \u201ct\u00e1o b\u1ea1o\u201d, b\u1edfi v\u00ec:<\/p>\n
1) Hai lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch nhau 45 feet, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3? Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed.<\/p>\n
2) Hai l\u1ea7n khai qu\u1eadt c\u00e1ch nhau 10 th\u00e1ng, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi? Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
19. Khai s\u00e1ng cho k\u1ebb gian, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cBan \u0111\u1ea7u Dubois c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea3nh s\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tinh tinh\u2026 nh\u01b0ng sau khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ernst Haeckel c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Jena, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu\u2019 trong thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm\u201d. N\u0103m 1963, Richard Carrington ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cA Million Years of Man\u201d (Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m).<\/p>\n
Sau khi Dubois c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, Haeckel li\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u00fac m\u1eebng: \u201cNg\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n may m\u1eafn\u201d. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Dubois, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m coi hai h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u00e1ch nhau 45 feet l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Haeckel l\u00e0 ai? Ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb gian l\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, v\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3, ph\u1ea7n sau s\u1ebd v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb l\u1ed9, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i m\u00e0 Dubois v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
20. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ed9 t\u1ea9y<\/b><\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1895, Dubois mang c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00d4ng ta r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch khai qu\u1eadt ban \u0111\u1ea7u, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o l\u00ean c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Leyden, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 Haeckel ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 x\u00fay cho \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con v\u01b0\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 hai lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
Dubois l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111em \u201cb\u00e1u v\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u1edf Paris v\u00e0 London, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Th\u00e1ng 12\/1895, \u201cPhe ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, b\u00ed m\u1eadt thao t\u00fang, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Berlin (\u0110\u1ee9c) do H\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc, D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Berlin (Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology, and Prehistory) \u0111\u1ee9ng ra, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Rudolf Virchow \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh phong cho \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1ecb thao t\u00fang c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 Julius Kollmann v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch Java ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n. C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Virchow th\u00ec kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cX\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u2019 l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1edbp x\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u1ed5 m\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n; hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn nhau\u201d.<\/p>\n
21. Thao t\u00fang gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, li\u1ec1n thao t\u00fang d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
Vi\u1ec7c thao t\u00fang gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u201cphe ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n: T\u1eeb khi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i\u201d ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1859, 33 n\u0103m mong \u0111\u1ee3i, m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y! Ni\u1ec1m tin ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u201cch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201ckhoa h\u1ecdc\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean gia \u201cc\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\u201d. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd ra s\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: ai kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u00e0o \u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
Haeckel tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng do Dubois ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u00ec ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tia X \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Haeckel m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n Dubois \u0111\u00e3 \u201cch\u1ee9ng minh\u201d cho l\u1eddi d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t v\u1edbi v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Piltdown\u201d \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc: \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Charles Dawson \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh cho l\u1eddi d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean gia quy\u1ec1n uy Arthur Smith Woodward, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n
22. S\u00e1u nghi v\u1ea5n ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng<\/b><\/p>\n
B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u201cphe Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay che \u0111\u1eady ra sao, th\u00ec s\u00e1u nghi v\u1ea5n ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d khi \u1ea5y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n
1) Hai lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch nhau 45 feet, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3?<\/p>\n
2) Hai l\u1ea7n khai qu\u1eadt c\u00e1ch nhau 10 th\u00e1ng, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n
3) X\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng mang ch\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1ee3n; s\u1ecd n\u00e3o th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u1ee3n, kh\u00f4ng mang ch\u00fat \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi; kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp trung gian, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eafp gh\u00e9p hai lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
4) \u0110\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng khai qu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: h\u01b0\u01a1u, t\u00ea gi\u00e1c, linh c\u1ea9u, c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u, l\u1ee3n, h\u1ed5, voi c\u1ed5\u2026 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i s\u0103n b\u1eaft r\u1ed3i v\u1ee9t x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i (th\u1ef1c ra th\u00ec d\u1ea5u t\u00edch v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u), v\u1eady t\u00ecm \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
5) V\u00ec sao ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn s\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i?<\/p>\n
6) Trong c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 Dubois mang v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ba x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1eady v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1?<\/p>\n
23. \u201cGi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u\u201d, \u00f4ng ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 d\u00e1m n\u00f3i<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi hai nghi v\u1ea5n ch\u00ed m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00eau tr\u00ean, Dubois \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u\u201d: \u201cPh\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd v\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i c\u00e1ch nhau 45 feet v\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u k\u00e9o t\u00e1ch ra\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u2014 C\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng? Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft m\u1edbi, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e1 v\u00edu (gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch) cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u0169, v\u00f2ng n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng kia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t trong t\u00f2a \u00e1n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1t ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc danh ti\u1ebfng, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia quy\u1ec1n uy, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang sai n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tin \u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u\u201d kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ef1c ra ngay c\u1ea3 \u201cphe ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin, h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba nghi v\u1ea5n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n
24. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn sai, c\u1eafn r\u0103ng gi\u1eef th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n<\/b><\/p>\n
Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay. Khi \u0111\u00f3, thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kinh ng\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u201cgi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u\u201d c\u1ee7a Dubois.<\/p>\n
B\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t, Dubois sau khi b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn, \u0111em h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m, 25 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7c Woodward, k\u1ebb kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ee5 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d, che gi\u1ea5u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c \u201cphe ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng \u201ct\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lui, thay v\u00ec nh\u1eadn sai \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00f2 c\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, chi b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1nh s\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ra v\u1ebb to l\u1edbn, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0o m\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n
25. G\u1eafng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng 20 n\u0103m, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u00e2y<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cPhe ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf g\u1eafng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng su\u1ed1t 20 n\u0103m. Khi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cho h\u1ecd. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Java\u201d \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Piltdown, \u0111\u00f3ng vai l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5. Trong 41 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Piltdown lu\u00f4n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n qu\u00ean \u0111i cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d.<\/p>\n
26. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c th\u00ec<\/b><\/p>\n
H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh h\u01a1n, Dubois l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eady. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129, Dubois cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d: s\u1ecd v\u00e0 r\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1i l\u1eabn c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1c; c\u00f2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f9i th\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau!<\/p>\n
27. Dubois nh\u1eadn sai, ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf<\/b><\/p>\n
D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u0169ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Dubois l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng! \u00d4ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn c\u00f4ng khai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, thu h\u1ed3i \u201cph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng hai m\u1ea3nh x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch nhau 45 feet kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i; trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea3nh s\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i tinh tinh l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n
B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u201c\u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb thu h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady sao??? V\u1eady th\u00ec thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y? B\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n nay thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng!<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay (x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn), \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Dubois. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Dubois gi\u00e0 r\u1ed3i n\u00ean h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u00f4ng m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng sa s\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Dubois \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i, r\u00fat l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n
Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c Dubois \u201cthu h\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d. H\u1ecd \u0111em h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d ra d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u1eabn ghi c\u00f4ng cho Dubois, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00f4n vinh \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ed9t \u201cnh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n
28. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown b\u1ecb phanh phui, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/p>\n
N\u0103m 1940, Dubois qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 82. 13 n\u0103m sau, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1953, khi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d b\u1ecb phanh phui, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1\u201d duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n
Dubois \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eadp tan gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 \u201ch\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn nh\u1eadn sai, tu\u00e2n theo tinh th\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi sinh h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y! H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 Dubois \u201cvi\u00ean m\u00e3n gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1\u201d \u2014 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u00e2y? Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ng\u1ee5y s\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0: l\u1ea7n gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean gia ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129. \u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nha s\u0129 Marston v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, su\u1ed1t 41 n\u0103m v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Piltdown\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i minh h\u1ecda khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i n\u1ed1i nhau ra \u0111\u1eddi; ri\u00eang lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 500 b\u00e0i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn nay gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn che gi\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi con m\u1eaft tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nha s\u0129 Marston, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh minh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau 41 n\u0103m m\u1edbi v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n
C\u00f2n ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a lu\u1eadn l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n Java\u201d, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u201cb\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1\u201d th\u1ee7y t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n c\u00f2n k\u00e9m xa \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Java\u201d!<\/p>\n
(Theo The Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/300353<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hoa Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p [ChanhKien.org] (\u201cTr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d. \u1ea2nh: The Epoch Times) \u1ede b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi su\u1ed1t 41 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Piltdown (Piltdown Man). Ch\u00ednh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u201cho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":53255,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[629],"class_list":["post-53250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-phan-tich-binh-luan","tag-tro-lua-tien-hoa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (2): S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ed9 t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2026\/03\/tro-lua-tien-hoa-2-su-ra-doi-lo-tay-va-co-chong-do-cua-nguoi-vuon-java.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a (2): S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ed9 t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Java - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hoa Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e2n Hi\u1ec7p [ChanhKien.org] (\u201cTr\u00f2 l\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d. \u1ea2nh: The Epoch Times) \u1ede b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i tr\u00f2 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi su\u1ed1t 41 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d Piltdown (Piltdown Man). 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