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<\/a><\/p>\nLo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a The Epoch Times: Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u \u201cThuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d. (\u1ea2nh: The Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n
M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n
4. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n
4.1 C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n
5. Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
5.1 Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/p>\n
5.2 C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/p>\n
5.3 T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/p>\n
5.4 Quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
5.5 Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/p>\n
5.6 \u201cQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u201d l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n
M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4:<\/p>\n
Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n<\/b><\/p>\n
1. Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u1ecf qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n<\/p>\n
1.1 N\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y<\/p>\n
1.2 T\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi<\/p>\n
1.3 K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u vi quan h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3<\/p>\n
1.4 H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng<\/p>\n
1.5 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
2. Tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n
2.1 \u0110i\u1ec7n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n<\/p>\n
2.2 Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e2m thu\u1eadt\u201d<\/p>\n
2.3 Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n<\/p>\n
2.4 Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch<\/p>\n
3. Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o<\/p>\n
3.1 G\u1ee3i \u00fd t\u1eeb \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu\u201d<\/p>\n
3.2 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00e3o\u201d<\/p>\n
3.3 \u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n
3.4 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel cho r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n (hay linh h\u1ed3n) t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o<\/p>\n
3.5 Tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 huy b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o<\/p>\n
3.6 Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n
4. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n
4.1 C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n
4.2 Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
5. Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
5.1 Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/p>\n
5.2 C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/p>\n
5.3 T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/p>\n
5.4 Quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n
5.5 Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/p>\n
5.6 \u201cQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u201d v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfp theo:<\/b><\/i> Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u “Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a” (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4): Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n (Ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n\u201d kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cthuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.\u201d K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m qua, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ea9y n\u00e3o th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Darwin c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecf qua trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cNgu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i\u201d, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4 (Ph\u1ea7n 2). C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u2013 r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u2013 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9.<\/p>\n 4. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/p>\n Tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n 4.1 C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/p>\n T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1edbi tin,\u201d nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n Khi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00fac x\u1ea1. S\u1edf d\u0129 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o th\u00f4ng qua d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn, s\u00f3ng vi ba, tia h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn, tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm, tia X v\u00e0 tia gamma. Gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb v\u00e0i Hertz \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10\u00b2\u2070 Hertz.<\/p>\n \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a quang ph\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb [328], t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kho\u1ea3ng 700 nanomet (nm, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 m\u00e9t) \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u00edm c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng kho\u1ea3ng 400 nanomet. Nh\u1eefng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n Ph\u1ed5 s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb. Ngu\u1ed3n: Nl74, Inductiveload, NASATranslated by Tonys (talk) \u2013 File:EM Spectrum Properties edit.svg, CC BY-SA 3.0, (\u1ea2nh: commons.wikimedia)<\/i><\/p>\n S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1eadt l\u00fd. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u00f3ng-h\u1ea1t. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t, c\u00f2n s\u00f3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng [329].<\/p>\n Nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Do Th\u00e1i Albert Einstein (1879-1955) cho bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Energy, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 E) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Mass, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 M) l\u00e0 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng-n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E=mc2 do Einstein \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. [330]<\/p>\n Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p. D\u00f2ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 sinh ra c\u00f4ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 n\u0103ng (th\u1ebf n\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng), nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng, h\u00f3a n\u0103ng, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a qua l\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb v\u1eadt n\u00e0y sang v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. [331]<\/p>\n H\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd sinh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t electron v\u00e0 photon, t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1777, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c George Lichtenberg (1742-1799) \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao \u00e1p. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00ecnh Lichtenberg\u201d (Lichtenberg figures). [332]<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1888, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e9c Navratil \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3\u201d (eletrography) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, khoa h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus J. Narkevich-Yodko \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 1.500 b\u1ee9c \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u00f3n tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong gi\u1edbi y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf St. Petersburg, Berlin, Vienna, Paris v.v.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1939, v\u00ec r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh Semyon Kirlian (1898-1978) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201cCh\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh Kirlian\u201d (Kirlian photography) [333].<\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh Kirlian l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, khi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ion h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh v\u00e0 sinh ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phim ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y. Ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. [334]<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh [335], k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9m s\u00e1ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau [336] nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m [337], nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t, phim ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh, v.v., nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111ang ch\u1edd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1995, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u00fd sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Konstantin Korotkov \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh Kirlian ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u201cGas Discharge Visualization\u201d (GDV). \u00d4ng Korotkov s\u1edf h\u1eefu 17 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ph\u00e1t minh l\u00fd sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n 200 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u2013 \u201cPh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n quang t\u1eed trong y h\u1ecdc: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh h\u1ecdc GDV\u201d \u2013 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n sinh h\u1ecdc GDV trong y h\u1ecdc, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn v\u0103n t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh. [338]<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, B\u00e1c s\u0129 Y khoa Ekaterina Ykovleva, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Y khoa Qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Moscow, Nga, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Korotkov cho th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 duy v.v. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a The Epoch Times v\u1edbi \u00f4ng Korotkov.<\/p>\n 4.1.1 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau nhau s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n Gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau nhau, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau nhau, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay s\u1ebd giao h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ecfa ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 tia ch\u1edbp, li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7. \u0110\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eadt\u201d hay \u201cph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao h\u00f2a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n Khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau nhau, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n tay s\u1ebd giao h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1ecfa ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 tia ch\u1edbp, li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7. (\u1ea2nh do \u00f4ng Konstantin Korotkov cung c\u1ea5p)<\/i><\/p>\n 4.1.2 Khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n \u0111i \u201cn\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n \u00d4ng Korotkov nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m: khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0y t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bay t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n \u00d4ng Korotkov cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u00e1c c\u1ee5m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.\u201d C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 electron, photon v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng h\u1ea1 \u00e2m v.v. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh, b\u1ec7nh s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfi nhanh h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed GDV cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh y\u00eau. (\u1ea2nh do \u00f4ng Konstantin Korotkov cung c\u1ea5p)<\/i><\/p>\n 4.1.3 Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ctr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n T\u1ea1i sao \u201ctr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh? Th\u00f4ng qua th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh GDV, \u00f4ng Korotkov c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng: c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xung quanh th\u00f4ng qua tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, \u00f4ng Korotkov \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi A ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a A. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a A h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh A ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn A t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a A s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean.<\/p>\n Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i; khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. (\u1ea2nh do \u00f4ng Konstantin Korotkov cung c\u1ea5p)<\/i><\/p>\n 4.2 Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n 4.2.1 Nghe nh\u1ea1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/p>\n R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nghe nh\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd t\u1edbi l\u00e0, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n \u00d4ng Korotkov ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe nh\u1ea1c rock, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean cao trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gi\u1ea3m, gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1ea1c rock c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghe nh\u1ea1c rock, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. (\u1ea2nh do \u00f4ng Konstantin Korotkov cung c\u1ea5p)<\/i><\/p>\n N\u0103m 2007, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Mark A Bellis t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Liverpool John Moores \u1edf Anh qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean T\u1eadp san D\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health). \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bao g\u1ed3m 1.064 ng\u00f4i sao nh\u1ea1c pop B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1956 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1999, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Elvis Presley v\u00e0 rapper Eminem. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb 3-25 n\u0103m sau khi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao nh\u1ea1c pop cao h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 70%. \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i qua \u0111\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i sao nh\u1ea1c pop B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 42 v\u00e0 35, ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. [339]<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Korotkov \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a nh\u1ea1c rock, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c metal n\u1eb7ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p \u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bgi\u1ecdng kh\u00e0n kh\u00e0n ph\u00e1t ti\u1ebft c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ca s\u0129 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p \u00e2m. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p \u00e2m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a \u0111i\u1ec7u v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng Korotkov c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m MetLife t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1956 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 437 ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e0n nh\u1ea1c giao h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 38% so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 50-59 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn 56%. [340]<\/p>\n K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eeba n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Leopold Stokowski (1882-1977), th\u1ecd 95 tu\u1ed5i [341].<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Arturo Toscanini (1867-1957), th\u1ecd 90 tu\u1ed5i [342].<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Eugene Ormandy (1899-1985), th\u1ecd 86 tu\u1ed5i [343].<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Sir Thomas Beecham (1879-1961), th\u1ecd 83 tu\u1ed5i [344].<\/p>\n Nh\u1ea1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Morton Gould (1913-1996), th\u1ecd 82 tu\u1ed5i [345].<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c nghe c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nghe nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n 4.2.2 C\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hay ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/p>\n Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cB\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n, ba ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh.\u201d C\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh, tim m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n trong Ph\u1ea7n 5 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eady, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Korotkov ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim h\u00e0i th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (bao g\u1ed3m gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, ghen t\u1ecb, h\u1eadn th\u00f9, v.v.) s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb co l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh.<\/p>\n Sau khi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1ed5n. (\u1ea2nh do Konstantin Korotkov cung c\u1ea5p)<\/i><\/p>\n 5. Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 m\u00f4 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ng\u0169 quan ng\u0169 t\u1ea1ng, h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh, h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft, h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, v.v. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00fang sai \u2026, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1edbi nhau. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n sinh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 c\u00e2u, \u201cB\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n ba ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh.\u201d Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1964, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y 60% \u0111\u1ebfn 80% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u00e0 v\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 [346].<\/p>\n C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t linh m\u1eabn v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n (bao g\u1ed3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, v.v.). Suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng lu\u00f4n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n Y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Y h\u1ecdc Th\u00e2n t\u00e2m (Mind-body Medicine) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Y h\u1ecdc T\u00e2m th\u1ec3 (Psychosomatic medicine). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Do c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef li\u00ean ng\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean quan, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ea7n kinh (PNI), T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft th\u1ea7n kinh (PNEC), v.v.<\/p>\n 5.1 Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/b><\/p>\n Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, s\u1edf d\u0129 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c (tr\u1ee5c h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3i-tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean-tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn) v\u00e0 ba ch\u1ea5t (ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh, hormone n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 cytokine). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111a chi\u1ec1u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng qua tr\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i-tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean-tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn (tr\u1ee5c HPA), th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tr\u1ee5c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a ba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i, tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn. [348]<\/p>\n 1. V\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i (Hypothalamus): V\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c HPA. V\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hormone gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng corticotropin (CRH), \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hormone ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean.<\/p>\n 2. Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean (Pituitary Gland): Tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e3o. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u CRH t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hormone kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hormone v\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn (ACTH). ACTH s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u00e1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n 3. Tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn (Adrenal Glands): Tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u1eadn, l\u00e0 hai tuy\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh v\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u1ee7y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi ACTH, v\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c hormone steroid nh\u01b0 cortisol. Cortisol l\u00e0 hormone \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. C\u00f2n t\u1ee7y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng adrenalin v\u00e0 norepinephrine, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hormone ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tim v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ee5c HPA \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda, v\u00f9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng CRH \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ACTH \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c hormone c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 cortisol v\u00e0 adrenalin. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 quan v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, cortisol c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng virus, g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng, khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c hormone do tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn ti\u1ebft ra s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c cytokine g\u00e2y vi\u00eam. Cytokine do c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o m\u00e1u n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam trong n\u00e3o. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m lo l\u1eafng, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n Tinh th\u1ea7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i-tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean-tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn (HPA) c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd ba ch\u1ea5t trung gian ch\u00ednh: ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh (adrenaline, v.v.), hormone (nh\u01b0 hormone g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, melatonin) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 cytokine (nh\u01b0 interleukin-6, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 IL-6).<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i sao cytokine l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady? V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u00e1c cytokine g\u00e2y vi\u00eam (IL-6) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n sinh ra. Trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng do th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf chu\u1ed9t SD \u0111\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c cytokine g\u00e2y vi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cytokine t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cytokine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u00e1c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n Tinh th\u1ea7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 qua ba ch\u1ea5t trung gian ch\u00ednh. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.2 C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/b><\/p>\n Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn, trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c oanh t\u1ea1c London, s\u1ed1 ca lo\u00e9t d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y \u1edf London \u0111\u00e3 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u201ctrong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng \u0111ang run r\u1ea9y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4i tay.\u201d Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh lo\u00e9t d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y. [349]<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa y h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/p>\n 5.2.1 \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/b><\/p>\n N\u0103m 1996, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Amsterdam \u1edf H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u00ean t\u1eadp san Y khoa T\u00e2m l\u00fd (Psychosomatic Medicine). Th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t do c\u1ea3m x\u00fac g\u00e2y ra, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1. [350]<\/p>\n Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hai l\u1ea7n. L\u1ea7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (E1) c\u00f3 39 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai (E2). L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 70 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, 40 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 30 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai. C\u1ea3 hai nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 17 nam v\u00e0 22 n\u1eef, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 23; trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 21, nh\u00f3m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nam n\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ch\u1ee9ng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh s\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, khi\u1ebfn huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp tim t\u0103ng. Sau khi E1 th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n trong th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n mang t\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp tim th\u00f4ng qua tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn \u2013 giao c\u1ea3m, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ti\u1ebft cortisol trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 8 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 12 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0a. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 100% xu\u1ed1ng 75%, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m 25%. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, c\u00f2n nh\u00f3m E2 l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng 5%. Khi cortisol t\u0103ng cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone corticosteroid trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho th\u1ea5y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng do s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn mang t\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, nh\u1ecbp tim v\u00e0 hormone g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u00f4ng qua tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn \u2013 giao c\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n 5.2.2 T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i kinh ni\u00ean l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/b><\/p>\n C\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n khi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng kinh ni\u00ean, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jeremy Amiel Rosenkranz [351] l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung t\u00e2m sinh h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n (Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders) thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y khoa v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc Rosalind Franklin (Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science). \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc N\u00e3o b\u1ed9. \u00d4ng t\u1eebng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i kinh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi [352] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Brain Behav Immun v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf chu\u1ed9t\u201d (Repeated Social Defeat Stress, RSDS). M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai gi\u1ed1ng chu\u1ed9t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t Sprague-Dawley \u0111\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t SD), l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i chu\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng hung d\u1eef; c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh hung d\u1eef Long-Evans (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 chu\u1ed9t LE).<\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t SD hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0o chu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t LE hung h\u00e3n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t LE l\u1edbn b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t SD v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t SD m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb 5-10 ph\u00fat, t\u1ed1i \u0111a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 15 ph\u00fat. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng ng\u0103n trong su\u1ed1t \u1edf gi\u1eefa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u0169 chu\u1ed9t SD s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u0169 chu\u1ed9t LE hung d\u1eef, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00eam 15 ph\u00fat n\u1eefa. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong n\u0103m ng\u00e0y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t SD trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng \u1edf trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chu\u1ed9t LE b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u1edf chu\u1ed9t. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t SD b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 lo\u1ea1i 2 (T CD4+) trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i virus.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 lo\u1ea1i 2. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c cytokine g\u00e2y vi\u00eam trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c cytokine ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c cytokine g\u00e2y vi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sau khi chu\u1ed9t SD b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c amygdala c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (BLA, l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh ch\u00ednh trong n\u00e3o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 lo l\u1eafng) v\u00e0 microglia (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0nh vi, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo l\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf chu\u1ed9t SD b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n A. Trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi (Open field test, OFT), chu\u1ed9t SD sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi lo l\u1eafng gia t\u0103ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n B. Sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t, chu\u1ed9t SD \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9ng \u00e1m \u1ea3nh s\u1ee3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi lo l\u1eafng gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n C. Gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00ea cung (Elevated Plus Maze, EPM).<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng con chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi lo l\u1eafng gia t\u0103ng, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf trong th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m EPM. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n T\u1eeb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo l\u1eafng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. Trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m m\u1ea1nh, n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1nh tay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n 5.3 T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/b><\/p>\n V\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau, sinh ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n Ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong khi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi [353], c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3u t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n 5.3.1 C\u00e1ch m\u00e0i m\u00f2n gh\u1ebf k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd la m\u1eafng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p, khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u1ea5m c\u00f2i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn. H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1eeba thanh to\u00e1n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, v\u1eeba g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eeba c\u1ea1o r\u00e2u. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, b\u00e1c s\u0129 tim m\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Meyer Friedman (1910-2001) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ebft m\u00f2n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng ch\u1edd c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. M\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a gh\u1ebf c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ecb m\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gh\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u00e9p gh\u1ebf, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, hung h\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean. Nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Friedman \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t kinh ng\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1959, b\u00e1c s\u0129 Friedman c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p Ray Rosenman (1920-2013) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed JAMA. H\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn ra nh\u00f3m A g\u1ed3m 83 nam gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1edf th\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Hai nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh vi tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m B g\u1ed3m 83 nam v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m C g\u1ed3m 46 nam. So v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m B v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m C, m\u1ee9c cholesterol trong huy\u1ebft thanh, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh Arcus Senilis v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m A \u0111\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. [354]<\/p>\n Arcus Senilis, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5c r\u00eca gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng lipid \u1edf v\u00f9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1c m\u1ea1c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh x\u01a1 v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00e1 cao. [355]<\/p>\n Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Friedman \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi \u201cLo\u1ea1i A\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tim. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1974 c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cH\u00e0nh vi Lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 Tr\u00e1i tim C\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n\u201d (Type A Behavior and Your Heart) [356].<\/p>\n N\u0103m 1991, trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (European Journal of Personality) [357] v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cH\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng: C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh\u201d (Smoking, Personality, and Stress: Psychosocial Factors in the Prevention of Cancer and Coronary Heart Disease), nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Hans J. Eysenck (1916-1997) t\u1eeb Khoa T\u00e2m l\u00fd Vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc London, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 h\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi lo\u1ea1i A nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, hung h\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh (CHD).<\/p>\n Ba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nam T\u01b0 (Yugoslav study), nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201cb\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d Heidelberg (Heidelberg \u2018normal\u2019 study) v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201cc\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng\u201d Heidelberg (Heidelberg \u2018stressed\u2019 study), t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn 3,235 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u01b0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, m\u1ee9c cholesterol, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft v.v. Sau 10 n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u1eed vong hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd li\u00ean l\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1eed vong v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan.<\/p>\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chia c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau: Lo\u1ea1i I, Lo\u1ea1i II, Lo\u1ea1i III v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i IV. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n Lo\u1ea1i I, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch Lo\u1ea1i C, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf khi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u00e2n m\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n Lo\u1ea1i II, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i A, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch khi g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Lo\u1ea1i III, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch cu\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1n, xen k\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Lo\u1ea1i I v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i II, nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh.\u201d<\/p>\n Lo\u1ea1i IV, l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch. H\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ba nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch Lo\u1ea1i A (Lo\u1ea1i II) ho\u1eb7c Lo\u1ea1i C (Lo\u1ea1i I) c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch Lo\u1ea1i III v\u00e0 Lo\u1ea1i IV. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong do b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong do ung th\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i C r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong nguy\u00ean v\u0103n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m l\u00e0 56.8%, trong \u0111\u00f3 25.4% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh, 4.4% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 27.0% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i C trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m l\u00e0 62.5%, trong \u0111\u00f3 6.8% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh, 38.5% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 17.2% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i III trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m l\u00e0 19.1%, trong \u0111\u00f3 3.7% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh, 1.4% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 14.0% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c; T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i IV trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m l\u00e0 5.4%, trong \u0111\u00f3 1.0% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh, 0.3% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 4.1% qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, v\u1edbi p<0.001.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nam T\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i C \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A, h\u1ecd kh\u00e1t khao chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng, hay t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch (b\u1ec7nh\/h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh), huy\u1ebft \u00e1p cao, lo l\u1eafng, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7.<\/p>\n M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea7n kinh giao c\u1ea3m d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch. M\u1ed9t khi th\u1ea7n kinh giao c\u1ea3m b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch, nh\u1ecbp tim s\u1ebd t\u0103ng nhanh, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 tim t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng k\u00edch th\u00edch l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 sinh ra huy\u1ebft \u00e1p cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft cao, m\u1ee1 m\u00e1u cao, b\u00e9o ph\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 2018, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sinh l\u00fd nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 norepinephrine cao h\u01a1n, th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f4ng m\u00e1u nhanh h\u01a1n, m\u1ee9c cholesterol v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c lipid trong m\u00e1u cao h\u01a1n; h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Khi b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i B, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang theo gene nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m di truy\u1ec1n. [359]<\/p>\n T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i A d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim? (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.3.2 T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i C v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i C l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng, hay k\u00ecm n\u00e9n, quan t\u00e2m qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ecfi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng lo \u00e2u, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i C v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Michael R. Irwin t\u1eeb Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ea7n kinh thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California t\u1ea1i Los Angeles, Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Andrew H. Miller c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Emory \u1edf Atlanta, Georgia, Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong 20 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cN\u00e3o, H\u00e0nh vi, Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch\u201d (Brain, Behavior, and Immunity), h\u1ecd cho bi\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng sinh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o lympho gi\u1ea3m, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T v\u1edbi virus b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o NK b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed1i u v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng virus, khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 sinh ra kh\u1ed1i u, nhi\u1ec5m virus v\u00e0 vi khu\u1ea9n. [360]<\/p>\n Tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.3.3 T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i B<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i B l\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m, h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ec5 g\u1ea7n, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, l\u1ea1c quan v\u00e0 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch,\u201d \u00edt m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh tim v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c. [361]<\/p>\n T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch lo\u1ea1i B t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.4 Quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc virus. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao khi virus corona t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus.<\/p>\n L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, virus gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 virus ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a petri [\u0111\u0129a nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y] c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus.<\/p>\n 5.4.1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/b><\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Steven W. Cole thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Los Angeles, c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong K\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 (PNAS) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013 cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gene kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. [362]<\/p>\n So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gene interferon cao h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch m\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i vi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u1ecb tha c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gene t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch gi\u00fap h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i virus ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quan v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gene c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n DNA t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng virus c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh COVID-19, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh do l\u1ec7nh phong t\u1ecfa k\u00e9o d\u00e0i d\u1ec5 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m virus h\u01a1n, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u00e1c t\u00ednh. Th\u00e1ng 08\/2021, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 George M Slavich t\u1eeb Trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ea7n kinh thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California t\u1ea1i Los Angeles v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jamil Zaki t\u1eeb Khoa T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cAnxiety, Stress, &Coping.\u201d H\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng, hai trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt lo \u00e2u, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. [363]<\/p>\n 5.4.2 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n<\/b><\/p>\n N\u0103m 2015, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California, Berkeley \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn v\u0103n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201c\u00dd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bhi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc\u201d (Current Opinion in Psychology). H\u1ecd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxytocin trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng virus, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa oxytocin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a corticosteroid \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng virus. [364]<\/p>\n C\u00f2n l\u1ed1i suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m l\u00e0m ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp tim, t\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cortisol v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 testosterone t\u1ef1 do trong m\u00e1u.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00e3o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m v\u1ecf n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n (prefrontal cortex), v\u00e0nh cung v\u1ecf n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n (anterior cingulate cortex), v.v. ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p cao nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c ch\u00fa \u00fd, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v.v. Khi nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung, t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, v.v.<\/p>\n T\u00e2m th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chung kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Berkeley c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cortisol cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1eadt. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cortisol c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Corticosteroid c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng virus c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng virus [365].<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cao. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.4.3 Khoan dung nh\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecbn c\u00f3 \u00edch cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/b><\/p>\n Ng\u00e0y 08\/08\/2017, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania n\u1eb1m trong Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Ivy n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea1c s\u0129 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng (Master of Applied Positive Psychology, MAPP) v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9: N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d (Forgiveness: How it Manifests in our Health, Wellbeing, and Longevity) [366]. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn v\u0103n l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Kathi Norman.<\/p>\n Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, tha th\u1ee9 hay khoan dung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tha th\u1ee9, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, khoan dung v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh. Tha th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eed t\u1ebf, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00e0 khoan dung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n Tha th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, h\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch, h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, v.v. c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111au m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh, b\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n, lo l\u1eafng, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, nhi\u1ec5m HIV, v.v. th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tha th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, c\u0103m h\u1eadn, o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn, v.v. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m t\u0103ng huy\u1ebft \u00e1p, t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u, gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac nh\u01b0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh, v.v. \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 lo l\u1eafng, tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch suy gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kinh ni\u00ean.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 tha th\u1ee9 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tha th\u1ee9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n 5.4.4 Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n sinh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc gia \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00e0ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 2003, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Juliene E. Bower, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u1ea7n kinh, khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn v\u0103n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cBi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed v\u1ec1 Y h\u1ecdc H\u00e0nh vi\u201d (Annals of Behavioral Medicine); \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 43 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh 42, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd) v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa. [367]<\/p>\n M\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hormone g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng virus v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed1i u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111au bu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gene nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa cao.<\/p>\n K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed1i u m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u201ct\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd g\u00ec cho ch\u00fang ta khi suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t? \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n N\u0103m 2016, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Y Khoa T\u00e2m th\u1ec3 (psychosomatic medicine) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m 10 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 136.265 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. H\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng 67, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i trung b\u00ecnh trong 7,3 n\u0103m. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 14.518 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t sinh 4.316 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u1eed vong do nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 17% so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Sau khi lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v.v, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. [368]<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, B\u00e1c s\u0129 tim m\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba Randy Cohen t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Mount Sinai St. Luke v\u00e0 B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Roosevelt, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eed vong ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 tim m\u1ea1ch,\u201d \u201cVi\u1ec7c trau d\u1ed3i v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tim m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ea1ng.\u201d<\/p>\n B\u1ec7nh Alzheimer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00e0 sa s\u00fat tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. N\u0103m 2010, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cArchives Of General Psychiatry\u201d \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo d\u00f5i 951 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 80 tu\u1ed5i. Trong th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3y n\u0103m theo d\u00f5i, c\u00f3 155 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (16.3%) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ee7i ro cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (52%) nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nguy c\u01a1 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. [369]<\/p>\n T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Trong h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh, quy m\u00f4 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh kinh ni\u00ean v.v.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng suy gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 (MCI). Suy gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1ec7nh Alzheimer m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Y khoa T\u00e2m th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 1,238 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb hai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo d\u00f5i d\u1ecdc [350]. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 43% so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea5p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n hay ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao trong \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 43%. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7n ma t\u00fay c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Naelys Diaz t\u1eeb H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Florida Atlantic \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014 [371] v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111au th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Elizabeth Salt t\u1eeb H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kentucky \u1edf Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 [372], \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u00edt g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Ngo\u00e0i ra, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t xem tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u00edt nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00ean t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n: M\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng? \u00dd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, v\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ra m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n sinh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u201cl\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u1ecb tha,\u201d \u201ctrung th\u1ef1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ckhoan dung\u201d, v.v. m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n 5.5 Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n<\/b><\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y y \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh, T\u00e2y y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. [373]<\/p>\n R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, thu\u1ed1c men th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec7nh, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, chi ph\u00ed y t\u1ebf c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao.<\/p>\n 50 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n (meditation) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe; c\u00f2n ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (mindfulness) \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Theo m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, c\u00f3 14% ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp n\u00e0y trong n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua. Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea3 t\u1ecda, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. [374]<\/p>\n Thu\u1eadn theo s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 04\/08\/2023, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2,997 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh (MeSH Major Topic) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean Kho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Y H\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng (Public Medline) do Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Y khoa Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea3 t\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hormone g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e3o, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, v.v.<\/p>\n 5.5.1 Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 oxy, gi\u1ea3m huy\u1ebft \u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp tim, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u201cchi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u hay b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t khi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n.\u201d<\/p>\n V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Jon Kabat-Zinn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ra Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, MBSR) t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m Y t\u1ebf Massachusetts \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, t\u01b0 duy s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. [375]<\/p>\n Gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (MBSR) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea3 t\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, lo l\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n Trong m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Y khoa T\u00e2m th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Canada v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, 49 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 v\u00fa v\u00e0 10 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0 tuy\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 tham gia ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (MBSR) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 8 tu\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, sau 12 th\u00e1ng theo d\u00f5i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ean tr\u00e1i), n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cortisol gi\u1ea3m (h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i); ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n mang t\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c cytokine g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u00e2m thu v.v. [376]<\/p>\n Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone g\u00e2y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.5.2 Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac<\/b><\/p>\n Ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 2007, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Minnesota \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Toronto \u1edf Canada \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 C\u1ea3m x\u00fac\u201d (Motivation and Emotion) m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cThi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\u201d (Mindfulness meditation and reduced emotional interference on a cognitive task). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u00edt b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh tai n\u1ea1n \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c), kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. [377]<\/p>\n Sau b\u1ea3y tu\u1ea7n ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n trong nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu hay d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a da (SCR, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u1eb1ng sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3. \u201cB\u1ea5t d\u0129 v\u1eadt h\u1ec9, b\u1ea5t d\u0129 k\u1ef7 bi\u201d (kh\u00f4ng vui v\u00ec v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 sa s\u00fat c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n), nh\u1eefng xung k\u00edch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u C\u1eaft D\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n T\u1eeb Bi v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n Ch\u00fa \u00dd\u201d (Compassion and Attention Longitudinal Meditation, CALM) do B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110a khoa Massachusetts, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Emory v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 8 tu\u1ea7n t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong l\u00fac thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i mang t\u00ednh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea3m x\u00fac h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. [378]<\/p>\n 5.5.3 Thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb bi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m<\/b><\/p>\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u C\u1eaft D\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n T\u1eeb Bi v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n Ch\u00fa \u00dd\u201d \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb bi ho\u1eb7c \u201cthi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb bi\u201d (compassion meditation), hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n\u201d hay \u201cthi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u00e2m,\u201d bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. [379]<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb bi m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m h\u1eefu h\u1ea3o. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u1ea3y sinh khi ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bn\u1ed7i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb bi mang l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tha mang l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n 5.5.4 Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh<\/b><\/p>\n N\u0103m 2015, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u1ea5t Nguy\u00ean (Tang Yiyuan) t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Texas c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Reviews Neuroscience r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, bao g\u1ed3m v\u00e0nh cung v\u1ecf n\u00e3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n (anterior cingulate cortex) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng v\u00e2n (striatum) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd; nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n (multiple prefrontal regions), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng limbic (limbic system, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 amygdala: h\u1ea1ch h\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng v\u00e2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac; th\u00f9y \u0111\u1ea3o (insula), v\u1ecf n\u00e3o gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1n (medial prefrontal cortex), v\u1ecf n\u00e3o v\u00e0nh sau (posterior cingulate cortex) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Precuneus li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. [380]<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.5.5 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a n\u00e3o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c<\/b><\/p>\n M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa gene v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u sinh c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t. Gene gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u sinh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t. Gene c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi sinh. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u201ch\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng\u201d ng\u1ee7 y\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng t\u1eafc\u201d di truy\u1ec1n hay \u201cdi truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u sinh.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cDi truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u sinh\u201d l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gene c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc di truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng (methyl h\u00f3a DNA) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gene, t\u1eaft ch\u00fang v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh methyl h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t sinh c\u1ee7a di truy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u sinh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1eaft gene. Do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh methyl h\u00f3a DNA, n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t gene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau hay kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o. [381]<\/p>\n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u1eed. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 di truy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3u sinh b\u00ean trong ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chu k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n Thu\u1eadn theo tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u00e0 \u0111i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ng\u1eebng ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7. Thay v\u00ec t\u1eed vong nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed g\u00e2y vi\u00eam khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e2n c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c gi\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/p>\n N\u0103m 2018, Steve Horvath, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc California \u1edf Los Angeles \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u sinh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a\u201d (DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing) tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nature Reviews Genetics. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cho bi\u1ebft tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i methyl h\u00f3a DNA c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i thu\u1eadn theo tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ed5 methyl h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i sinh h\u1ecdc, quan s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng methyl h\u00f3a gene c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. [382]<\/p>\n N\u0103m 2017, Rapha\u00eblle Chaix v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Paris \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Psychoneuroendocrinology, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u sinh \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n. Rapha\u00eblle Chaix v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u methyl h\u00f3a DNA t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n l\u00e2u n\u0103m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 n\u0103m v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 30 ph\u00fat m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 52 tr\u1edf l\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u sinh ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n, cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 bi\u1ec3u sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y. [383]<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u sinh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c. \u201cBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u0129 c\u1ea7m\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y v\u0129 c\u1ea7m, khu v\u1ef1c trung t\u00e2m bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n N\u0103m 2007, Giuseppe Pagnoni v\u00e0 Milos Cekic t\u1eeb Khoa T\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc H\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Emory \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cNeurobiology of Aging.\u201d K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a n\u00e3o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. [384]<\/p>\n Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh) b\u00ean trong n\u00e3o. Ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf n\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00f5i s\u00e2u, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e2n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh, \u0111u\u00f4i gai, c\u00e1c c\u00fac t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng (axon terminals), v.v.. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m trong n\u00e3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 13 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 13 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m trong n\u00e3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf putamen (v\u00f9ng thanh m\u1ea1c). Putamen l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a n\u00e3o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u1ef1c ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i, th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, trong khi l\u1ef1c ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m thi\u1ec1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u00fa \u00fd li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c. (\u1ea2nh: Epoch Times)<\/i><\/p>\n 5.5.6 Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/b><\/p>\n N\u0103m 2021, Vijayendran Chandran thu\u1ed9c Khoa Nhi t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Y Florida v\u00e0 Senthilkumar Sadhasivam t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Indiana c\u00f9ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 gene tr\u00ean \u201cK\u1ef7 y\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3.\u201d Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 220 gene li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gene li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn stress oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a chu k\u00ec t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, n\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng virus c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec5m COVID-19. [385]<\/p>\n 5.6 \u201cQuan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m\u201d l\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/b><\/p>\n Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u1ecf qua. Tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, tuy v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch theo vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n nay trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, cho th\u1ea5y c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111a t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 \u0111a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, th\u1eddi th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe n\u00f3i c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khoan dung th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1eed vong do c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c (tr\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3i-tuy\u1ebfn y\u00ean-tuy\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadn) v\u00e0 ba ch\u1ea5t (ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n kinh, hormone n\u1ed9i ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 cytokine). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1edbi, tinh th\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hai h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m: nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1edbi tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong, nh\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi logic t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, T\u00e2y y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n m\u00e1u v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, tr\u00f4ng th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 hormone c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o x\u1ea3y ra theo tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, v.v. Thi\u1ec1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Thi\u1ec1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu c\u01a1, v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n Khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 13 sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 logic, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n\u201d c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1ecf qua vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111i ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u1ede Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5 v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 6, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i \u201cNh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc nghi ng\u1edd gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u00ean b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa.<\/p>\n Trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n,\u201d m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u1ecf qua, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u1eady sau khi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eed vong th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n (linh h\u1ed3n) c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5.<\/p>\n (C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/i><\/p>\n T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/b><\/p>\n 328. Stark, Glenn. \u201clight\u201d. Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 May. 2023, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/light<\/a>. Accessed 17 June 2023.<\/i><\/p>\n 329. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. \u201cquantum\u201d. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Jun. 2023, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/quantum<\/a>. Accessed 17 June 2023.<\/i><\/p>\n 330. Kaku, Michio. \u201cAlbert Einstein\u201d. Encyclopedia Britannica, 8 Jun. 2023, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Albert-Einstein<\/a>. Accessed 17 June 2023.<\/i><\/p>\n 331. Energy. Physics. Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Last Updated: Jun 19, 2023.https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/energy<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 332. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. \u201cGeorg Christoph Lichtenberg\u201d. Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Jun. 2023, https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Georg-Christoph-Lichtenberg<\/a>. Accessed 31 July 2023.<\/i><\/p>\n 333. Hoosain Ebrahim (Director) (Medical photographer) & Robin Williams (1982) Kirlian photography\u2014an appraisal, Journal of Audiovisual Media in Medicine, 5:3, 84-91, DOI: 10.3109\/17453058209154332; https:\/\/sci-hub.st\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453058209154332<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 334.Boyers, David G. & Tiller, William A. Corona discharge photography. Journal of Applied Physics. 1973, 44 (7): 3102\u20133112<\/span>. doi:10.1063\/1.1662715; https:\/\/sci-hub.st\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.1662715<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n 335. 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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(51), e2110455118.https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/epdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2110455118<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n Nh\u00f3m bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n \u201cNh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u Thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a\u201d<\/p>\n (The Epoch Times)<\/p>\n (B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Epoch Times Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n