T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Kim Ti\u00ean<\/i><\/p>\n
[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng hay nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u738b), nh\u01b0 \u201cGiang h\u1ea3i s\u1edf d\u0129 n\u0103ng vi b\u00e1ch c\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3, d\u0129 k\u1ef3 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 chi\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: S\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vua c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m s\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ecfi \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u1edf th\u1ea5p), \u201cV\u0169 trung h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i, V\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u0169 trung h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, nhi V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0 k\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t y\u00ean\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i l\u1edbn: Tr\u1eddi l\u1edbn, \u0110\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1edbn, V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng l\u1edbn. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i l\u1edbn, m\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 trong \u0111\u00f3), v.v. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 tu luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch tu luy\u1ec7n? Sau n\u00e0y, khi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n
Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u tra c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
D\u1ef1a theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) t\u1eeb th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 (r\u00ecu l\u1edbn). \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho chinh chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t, h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd chinh chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec b\u1eb1ng chinh chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 th\u00ec h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d mang theo b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u00e1u tanh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a mang t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ch\u00ednh. X\u00e9t t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t ngang. Sau khi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d lu\u00f4n mang h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ba n\u00e9t ngang, m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t d\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt; m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a v\u0103n t\u1ef1, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
Trong \u201cThuy\u1ebft V\u0103n Gi\u1ea3i T\u1ef1\u201d c\u1ee7a H\u1ee9a Th\u1eadn th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u1ecdng Th\u01b0 v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
\u201cN\u01a1i m\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1. \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u1ecdng Th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft: \u2018Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a khi t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef, v\u1ebd ba n\u00e9t v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n \u1edf gi\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ba n\u00e9t \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi; k\u1ebb th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 ba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u2019<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed vi\u1ebft: \u2018D\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1ch xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ba n\u00e9t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng.\u2019 Ph\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9.\u201d<\/p>\n
Theo \u201cThuy\u1ebft V\u0103n Gi\u1ea3i T\u1ef1\u201d, ba n\u00e9t ngang trong ch\u1eef \u201c\u738b\u201d l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tam t\u00e0i (\u4e09\u624d): Thi\u00ean (tr\u1eddi), \u0110\u1ecba (\u0111\u1ea5t), v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n (ng\u01b0\u1eddi), c\u00f2n n\u00e9t d\u1ecdc \u1edf gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c tham th\u00f4ng (tham gia\/h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i) gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u00fd ngh\u0129a (ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a) m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201c\u738b\u201d kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t hay chinh chi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (ho\u1eb7c \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d). Ch\u1ec9 khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi tham th\u00f4ng tam t\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 di\u1ec7n \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn trong h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n canh t\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ngh\u0129: T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, nh\u1eefng \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3\u201d tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu chinh chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t? T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n x\u01b0a g\u00e1n cho ch\u1eef \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d(\u738b) ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1eef \u201c\u738b\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t l\u00fd cao h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gian c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o uy quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb \u2014 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cPh\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Trong \u300a\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u300b c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: \u201cV\u0169 trung h\u1eefu t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i: Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i, V\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d. T\u1ea1i sao \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong \u201ct\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o? B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n mang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb) h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d trong nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh cao h\u01a1n! Th\u1ef1c ra trong \u201cTh\u00e1nh Kinh\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: \u201cCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00e0m V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c: Ch\u1eef \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0 chinh chi\u1ebfn, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5 di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c; sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham th\u00f4ng tam t\u00e0i: Thi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ecba, Nh\u00e2n, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5 di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 vua t\u1ed1t, vua ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vua x\u1ea5u, vua t\u00e0; \u1edf cao t\u1ea7ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng v.v\u2026 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, chinh chi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, \u00e1c, lo\u1ea1n, v.v. Ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
\u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b), \u201cHo\u00e0ng\u201d (\u7687)<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b), th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf tr\u00ean \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b) ho\u1eb7c \u201cHo\u00e0ng\u201d (\u7687). T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh, \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cHo\u00e0ng\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) th\u00eam l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c th\u00eam ch\u1eef \u201cB\u1ea1ch\u201d (\u767d) \u2014 (ch\u1eef \u201cb\u1ea1ch\u201d trong c\u1ed5 v\u0103n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng di\u1ec7n c\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u1eddi Chu c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ea5n, n\u01b0\u1edbc Y\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed1ng, v.v., m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tri\u1ec1u Chu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chu Thi\u00ean t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Chu Thi\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7\u201d (v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 chung c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1), \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i quy thu\u1eadn v\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 Chu Thi\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Sau khi T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf\u201d. \u201cHo\u00e0ng\u201d (\u7687) k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b), \u1edf tr\u00ean \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b). Tuy nhi\u00ean, T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n phong, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 sau, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cho\u00e0ng\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00edt, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01b0 danh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i, v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u00e2n cho nhi\u1ec1u \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb sau T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1eefng \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u201cHo\u00e0ng\u201d v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi tr\u1ecdng \u201cch\u00e2n tam b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng, l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong t\u1eebng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, y d\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c\u2026 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (\u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (\u8056) c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d), v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00e0 th\u00e1nh, thi th\u00e1nh, v.v. Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o, khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 cao \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd th\u0103ng hoa l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng di\u1ec7n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053) ho\u1eb7c \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5). \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1 cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong chuy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u201cB\u00e0o \u0110inh gi\u1ea3i ng\u01b0u\u201d (B\u00e0o \u0110inh m\u1ed5 b\u00f2), \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111ao ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B\u00e0o \u0110inh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ea7n chi s\u1edf h\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e3, c\u1eadn h\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 d\u00e3\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n y\u00eau th\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng). Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Ho\u1eb1ng Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c khi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cB\u1ea1ch D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d cho Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m s\u1ed1 1 t\u1ec9nh Chi\u1ebft Giang \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u201cB\u1ea1ch D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb\u201d, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: \u201cK\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn d\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o, v\u0103n d\u0129 l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tinh vi s\u1ebd ti\u1ec7m c\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 ph\u00e1p \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o. V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u: mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i tu \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
\u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (\u8056)<\/b><\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (\u8056). Ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b). T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u201cnh\u0129\u201d (\u8033 – tai) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u201ckh\u1ea9u\u201d (\u53e3 – mi\u1ec7ng). V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d c\u00f3 l\u1ebd mang h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (\u8056) l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cao trong vi\u1ec7c tu \u0110\u1ea1o, \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham th\u00f4ng tam t\u00e0i thi\u00ean \u2013 \u0111\u1ecba \u2013 nh\u00e2n. M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c cao trong vi\u1ec7c tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1eadc \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d. Trong \u201cM\u1ea1nh T\u1eed \u2022 V\u1ea1n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: B\u00e1 Di l\u00e0 “b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh thanh cao” (th\u00e1nh chi thanh gi\u1ea3 d\u00e3), Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1 Hu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 “b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh h\u00f2a \u00e1i” (th\u00e1nh chi h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3 d\u00e3), Y Do\u00e3n l\u00e0 “b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m” (th\u00e1nh chi nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3 d\u00e3); ba v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c cao \u1edf ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n thanh (\u6e05), h\u00f2a (\u548c), nh\u1eadm (\u4efb), v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d. C\u00f2n Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, v\u00ec \u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u tu \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c cao n\u00ean “Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1eadc h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ch\u00ed Th\u00e1nh\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d (\u8056) gi\u1ea3 mang s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a. Ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u0129\u201d (\u8033 – tai) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ea9u\u201d (\u53e3 – mi\u1ec7ng). \u201cNh\u0129\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, c\u00f2n \u201ckh\u1ea9u\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i; nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng, \u201cnh\u0129\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghe, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn; \u201ckh\u1ea9u\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 ai? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n gian r\u1ed3i truy\u1ec1n l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 cao h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng sinh m\u1ec7nh \u1edf t\u1ea7ng cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u201cTh\u1ea7n m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n\u201d, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i an b\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n \u0111i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u201cTh\u00e1nh\u201d gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u00edn t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 cao h\u01a1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a cho th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) th\u1ec9nh kinh v\u1ec1, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tam T\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o t\u1ef1\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ca ng\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Trong b\u00e0i t\u1ef1 \u1ea5y, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf d\u00f9ng hai ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o\u201d. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang tr\u1ea3i qua mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n gian kh\u1ed5, mang v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tu luy\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gia. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u0103n h\u00f3a tu luy\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gia \u1edf cao t\u1ea7ng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o cho con d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi hai ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o\u201d.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e1nh\u201d. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, L\u00fd B\u1ea1ch trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng V\u00e2n Nh\u1ea1c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1eefu th\u1ea5t Th\u00e1nh, b\u00e1n l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3i h\u1ed3ng hoang.\u201d \u00dd n\u00f3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eebng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3y v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng L\u00fd Tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 V\u00f5 T\u1eafc Thi\u00ean c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e2m tri\u1ec1u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh l\u00e2m tri\u1ec1u\u201d; Khang Hy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cThanh Th\u00e1nh ch\u1ee7\u201d, v.v. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao t\u1ea7ng, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn lao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ng\u1ea7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u n\u00f3i trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh: \u201cCh\u00faa Kit\u00f4 s\u1ebd \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n l\u00e0m V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eef “Th\u00e1nh” (\u8056) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n mang nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u1edf t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 cao h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1eadc “Th\u00e1nh” gi\u1ea3 \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, mang trong m\u00ecnh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1ea7ng cao xu\u1ed1ng cho nh\u00e2n gian, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Th\u00e1nh” m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ti\u00ean tri”. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i “Th\u00e1nh” gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o cho th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n. Tai c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc “Th\u00e1nh” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nhu c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f2n mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p. C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1eadc “Th\u00e1nh” n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri John ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1eadc “Th\u00e1nh” n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
“Phong” (\u8c50)<\/b><\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c mang n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u1edf t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u8c50). N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef “Phong”, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ngh\u0129 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong!<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong l\u00e0 ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u4e30) n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u8c50) kia. \u1ede \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ee5c, qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u8c50) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u4e30) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u4e30) n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n \u201cTr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong Ti\u00ean Sinh To\u00e0n T\u1eadp\u201d th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cTam Phong To\u00e0n Th\u01b0\u201d th\u1eddi D\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “\u4e30” ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eef “\u8c50”.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129, n\u00ean hai ch\u1eef “Tam Phong” c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ebb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ch\u1eef “Tam” (\u4e09) \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ebb C\u00e0n, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u4e30) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u1ebb C\u00e0n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t s\u1ed5 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e2m xuy\u00ean qua \u1edf gi\u1eefa, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh qu\u1ebb Kh\u00f4n, v\u00ec v\u1eady “Tam Phong” mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 C\u00e0n Kh\u00f4n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 c\u00f2n mang m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef “V\u01b0\u01a1ng” (\u738b) \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean – ch\u1eef “V\u01b0\u01a1ng” l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t tam t\u00e0i Thi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ecba, Nh\u00e2n – v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u4e30) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef “V\u01b0\u01a1ng” (\u738b) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Khi \u0111\u1eb7t hai ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00ean so s\u00e1nh, ta li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra: so v\u1edbi ch\u1eef “V\u01b0\u01a1ng”, ch\u1eef “Phong” c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean nh\u00f4 l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2m xu\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 ch\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? Ch\u1eef “V\u01b0\u01a1ng” tuy th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t Thi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ecba, Nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u1eabn b\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi che ph\u1ee7, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t; c\u00f2n ch\u1eef “Phong” kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ecba, Nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 “Phong” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef mang t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 trong ch\u1eef “Phong” (\u4e30) v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t (t\u1ee9c C\u00e0n Kh\u00f4n), v\u1eady th\u00ec hai ch\u1eef “Tam Phong” (\u4e09\u4e30) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 C\u00e0n Kh\u00f4n n\u1eefa, v\u1eady ch\u1eef “Tam” (\u4e09) l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1eef \u201cTam” c\u00f3 l\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho “\u0110\u1ea1o”(\u9053) c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ba ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p trong ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni d\u00f9ng ba ch\u1eef “Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Hu\u1ec7” \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong v\u1eeba qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Tam t\u00e0i Thi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ecba, Nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn:<\/b><\/p>\n
Khai Thi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian cao t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c khai thi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n
Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Xi V\u01b0u, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian, V\u00f5 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 tr\u1eeb t\u00e0.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i r\u00ecu (\u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee7) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d \u1edf th\u1ebf gian th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cV\u00f5\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, s\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1i r\u00ecu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n