{"id":50804,"date":"2025-11-13T10:56:27","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T03:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=50804"},"modified":"2025-11-13T10:56:27","modified_gmt":"2025-11-13T03:56:27","slug":"tong-quan-ve-lich-su-nhiep-anh-va-su-chuyen-doi-cua-cac-khai-niem-nghe-thuat-nhiep-anh-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/11\/tong-quan-ve-lich-su-nhiep-anh-va-su-chuyen-doi-cua-cac-khai-niem-nghe-thuat-nhiep-anh-3.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: L\u00fd Na<\/i><\/p>\n

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh (The Linked Ring)<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ly khai (Photo-Secession)<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (Documentary photography)<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Dada v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1i Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ph\u00e1i Si\u00eau th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n

1. T\u1eeb \u201cPh\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh<\/b><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh theo Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. Th\u1eddi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n chia tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda; \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o trong nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh. V\u1eady n\u00ean nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 \u1edf Anh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t minh. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo phong c\u00e1ch th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hay nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng theo h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 xem nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc trong khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, r\u1ed3i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, Ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh thanh l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, quan h\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i tinh t\u1ebf, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, mang n\u00e9t trang nh\u00e3 tho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Oscar Gustave Rejlander v\u00e0 Henry Peach Robinson.<\/p>\n

Oscar Gustave Rejlander (1813-1875) xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u0129, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u201c\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cche \u0111\u1eady s\u1ef1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u x\u00ed\u201d, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c mang \u00fd th\u01a1, c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 \u201cCha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u201d.<\/p>\n

Henry Peach Robinson (1856-1936) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, h\u1ecda s\u0129 ki\u00eam nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh. \u00d4ng t\u1eeb h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 100 gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, \u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd. C\u00f2n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111em c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd tranh g\u1ecdi chung th\u00e0nh Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd, trong \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1eeb \u201cNhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Henry Peach Robinson ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Robinson \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd, c\u00f2n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1eady Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1889 khi nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Peter Henry Emerson xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cNhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1ee5n n\u00e1t r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng y nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i cao. \u00d4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201ctuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u201d ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hay kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201cti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u1eebng b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng suy x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t: t\u1ea5m \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00ean m\u1edd d\u1ea7n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u201cL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d, cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng, t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1edfi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh xung quanh, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ecda \u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, Emerson l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, cho r\u1eb1ng Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i khi mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Emerson khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng d\u00e1m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng hai l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c trong nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d c\u1ee7a Emerson ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc n\u00e9t h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edd d\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o cho b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u1eadt), cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

3. T\u1eeb \u201cNhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d c\u1ee7a Emerson ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, quan ni\u1ec7m s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t sinh chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, suy cho c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, n\u00ean c\u0169ng tr\u00f4i theo tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng \u0111em k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho phong c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc (acutance) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i (resolution), th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u201cL\u00fd thuy\u1ebft nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m\u201d c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Emerson, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3u quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft cho Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh l\u1ea5y n\u00e9t m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 k\u00ednh l\u1ecdc khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 phim \u00e2m b\u1ea3n khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xem qua, b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u00f4ng lung m\u1edd \u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00ean b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u201cNhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Lowkey\u201d, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng do ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Photoshop t\u1ea1o ra th\u1eddi nay, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f2ng t\u1ed1i l\u00e0m ra, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf mang \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh trang tr\u00ed nh\u01b0ng khuy\u1ebft thi\u1ebfu n\u00e9t tinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m, t\u00f9y theo vi\u1ec7c quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt. Do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi trong h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0a phong c\u00e1ch Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng: Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh The Linked Ring.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng sau gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh The Linked Ring v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ghi ch\u00fa:<\/i><\/p>\n

1 – Ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m (Focus) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tia s\u00e1ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng phim ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

2 – \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i (Resolution) l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nhau trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1eafc (Acutance) l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n

3 – \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3m quan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh. M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eafc n\u00e9t (Sharpness). https:\/\/retouchingacademy.com\/qualities-of-digital-images-sharpness-vs-focus\/<\/a><\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/53117<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: L\u00fd Na [ChanhKien.org] D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[550],"tags":[587],"class_list":["post-50804","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nhiep-anh","tag-tong-quan-ve-lich-su-nhiep-anh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh (3) - 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