{"id":49200,"date":"2025-09-12T07:41:01","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T00:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=49200"},"modified":"2025-09-13T15:56:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T08:56:06","slug":"loat-bai-ve-nghia-goc-cua-chu-han-phan-1-khai-thien-tich-dia-noi-ve-troi-dat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/09\/loat-bai-ve-nghia-goc-cua-chu-han-phan-1-khai-thien-tich-dia-noi-ve-troi-dat.html","title":{"rendered":"Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (Ph\u1ea7n 1): Khai thi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hu\u1ec7 Ki\u1ebfm<\/i><\/p>\n

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi! B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Do t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o sai s\u00f3t, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00fd ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Hy v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef H\u00e1n s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u1ed1n c\u00f3. C\u0169ng qua \u0111\u00e2y, xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t, khai thi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ecba n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u201c\u4e00 (nh\u1ea5t)\u3001\u5927 (\u0111\u1ea1i)\u3001\u5929 (thi\u00ean)\u3001\u592e (\u01b0\u01a1ng)\u3001\u593e (gi\u00e1p) \u3001\u5327 (ki\u1ebfp)\u3001\u571f (th\u1ed5)\u3001\u4e5f (d\u00e3)\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Sau khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed9 ch\u1eef\u201d c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef mang theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u1eeba bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tinh gi\u1ea3n th\u00eam, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p do nh\u1eefng k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t chung t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i khi tham gia v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef H\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn bao la, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t hai s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef thi\u00ean (\u5929) l\u00e0 do ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t (\u4e00) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i (\u5927) t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: Tr\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t (\u4e00).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t (\u4e00) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0): Gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang ng\u1eafn. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e00\u201d, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef, sau khi tham gia t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef th\u00ec h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng, \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t (\u4e00): ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng (nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi cao, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1eb3ng, ph\u00e2n chia ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng) ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ngang, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed…<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef nh\u1ecb (\u4e8c) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb hai ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hai. Hai bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda xa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ranh gi\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u201c\u5929 (thi\u00ean)\u3001\u4e91 (v\u00e2n)\u3001\u5e1d (\u0111\u1ebf) \u3001\u8f9b (t\u00e2n)\u3001\u5140 (ng\u1ed9t)\u201d,… Nh\u01b0ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cgi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng suy lu\u1eadn\u201d th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t (\u4e00) l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecb (\u4e8c).<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i xem ti\u1ebfp ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i \u201c\u5927\u201d v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i \u201c\u5927\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i (\u5927) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n): H\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef, gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t kim v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ee9 chi dang r\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 to, r\u1ed9ng, l\u1edbn. D\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, bao la kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i (\u5927): \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1eef, mang ngh\u0129a m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, tham kh\u1ea3o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef thi\u00ean (\u5929) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n): Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t kim v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u00fd t\u1ef1 ngang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e0ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u00fd ch\u1ec9 (tr\u1eddi) \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, bao tr\u00f9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng khung v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef phu (\u592b) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n): Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t kim v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ea1y ngang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, con trai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ni\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh gia l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c t\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e2y tr\u00e2m c\u00e0i ngang. M\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady giao ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p (ph\u1ed5n th\u1ec3: \u593e gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3: \u5939) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n): Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t kim v\u0103n ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i, hai b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i b\u00ean k\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef nh\u00e2n (\u4eba). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1eb9p, c\u1eafp. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1eeb hai b\u00ean k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf gi\u1eefa, k\u00ecm ch\u1ebf. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1eef g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef hi\u1ec7p (\u631f).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef th\u00e1i (\u592a) (ch\u1eef tri\u1ec7n:): Ch\u1eef ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0: cao, l\u1edbn, to l\u1edbn. Qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. Sau khi ch\u1eef \u201c\u5929\u201d \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u5929.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ch\u1eef thi\u00ean (\u5929) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e1i che bao ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, tham kh\u1ea3o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u592e) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n:): Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef thi\u00ean, b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang, hai b\u00ean d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf gi\u1eefa. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t: c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n, van n\u00e0i. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi thi\u00ean, b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o, n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

(\u592e\u6c42 \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u: C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7u xin).<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201c\u5fdd\u201d (thi\u1ec3m), \u201c\u541e\u201d (th\u00f4n),… c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a theo b\u1ed9 thi\u00ean, c\u0169ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cgi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u201d n\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n chia b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef. C\u00e1c ch\u1eef do r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef n\u00e0o? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, hai l\u00e0 theo b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201c\u8862 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1i)\u3001\u766f (g\u1ea7y \u1ed1m)\u3001\u6c0d (th\u1ea3m len)\u3001\u77cd (d\u00e1o d\u00e1c)\u3001\u61fc (s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i) s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u884c (h\u00e0nh)\u3001\u7592 (n\u1ea1ch)\u3001\u6bdb (mao)\u3001\u53c8 (h\u1ef1u)\u3001\u5fc3 (t\u00e2m)\u201d, s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1eef tr\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef c\u00f9 \u77bf (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1eef tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef c\u00f9 n\u00e0y). Do v\u1eady b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u201ckhi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u1ede tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1eef \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u592e), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd thu\u1eadn theo b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u592e), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf trung t\u00e2m, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh xung quanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, tham kh\u1ea3o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u79e7) gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef h\u00f2a (\u79be) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u592e). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e2y non, c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng. (Tr\u1ea3i qua \u01b0\u01a1m tr\u1ed3ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c, tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3). C\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u00e1nh (\u6620) gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt (\u65e5) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u01b0\u01a1ng (\u592e). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u00e1nh, chi\u1ebfu. Quang \u1ea3nh (ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c) trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c bao ch\u1ee9a (m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i). (T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khi x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u1edf trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eadp th\u1ec3).<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 \u201c\u6cf1 (m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc)\u3001\u82f1 (anh, tinh anh)\u3001\u6b83 (tai \u01b0\u01a1ng)\u3001\u600f (b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n)\u3001\u9e2f (uy\u00ean \u01b0\u01a1ng)\u3001\u76ce (c\u00e1i ang, chum)\u201d l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u201c\u6c34 (th\u1ee7y)\u3001\u8278 (th\u1ea3o)\u3001\u6b7a (ng\u1ea1t)\u3001\u5fc3 (t\u00e2m)\u3001\u9e1f (\u0111i\u1ec3u)\u3001\u76bf (m\u00e3nh)\u201d.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p (\u5939).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef hi\u1ec7p (\u631f): ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 (\u624c) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p (\u5939). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u1eb9p, c\u1eafp. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tay d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3, \u00e9p v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u1edf gi\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef hi\u1ec7p (\u4fa0) ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n (\u4ebb) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p (\u5939). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p ngh\u0129a, hi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ch. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7p ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a. Vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201chi\u1ec7p ngh\u0129a\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef ki\u1ebfp (\u5327) ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p (\u593e ) v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u531a). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00e1p, h\u1ed9p nh\u1ecf. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao b\u1ecdc v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t khu ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ho\u1ea1ch ra.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef h\u1ea1p (\u5ce1) gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 s\u01a1n (\u5c71) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p (\u5939). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 eo, eo s\u00f4ng, h\u1ebbm. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u00fai cao t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb k\u1eb9p v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa. Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u6d77\u5ce1: h\u1ea3i h\u1ea1p, eo bi\u1ec3n, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n h\u1eb9p c\u00f3 hai b\u00ean b\u1edd l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u00e9p v\u00e0o).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef hi\u1ec7p (\u72ed) gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 khuy\u1ec3n (\u72ad) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p (\u5939) \u00fd ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ed7 m\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 l\u00fd. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1eb9p, ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p. Ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p (\u72ed\u7a84), t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e3n ra. M\u01b0\u1ee3n ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, \u00edt d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ch\u1eef ki\u1ebfp (\u5327) \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1eef ki\u1ebfp (\u5327), c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian ri\u00eang \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang, tham kh\u1ea3o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef khi\u1ebfp (\u7ba7): ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 tr\u00fac (\u7af9) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef ki\u1ebfp (\u5327). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tr\u00e1p, c\u00e1i r\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf. (D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00ea d\u1ecbch) ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tr\u00fac c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef thi\u1ebfp (\u60ec): ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m (\u5fc4) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef ki\u1ebfp (\u5327). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, v\u1eeba \u00fd, h\u1ea3 d\u1ea1. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, v\u1eeba \u00fd, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u01b0 th\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1eef, b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ch\u1eef thi\u00ean (\u5929) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i xong, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u1ecba (\u5730), th\u1ed5 d\u00e3 (\u571f\u3001\u4e5f) (d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a: \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ed5), t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef th\u1ed5 (\u571f) (gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n): Ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng. Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, b\u1ed9t,… \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1ebbo (d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng).<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ch\u1eef th\u1ed5 (\u571f), ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec b\u1ed9 th\u1ed5 n\u00e9t b\u00fat qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, n\u00ean t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quy v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef n\u00e0o. Ngo\u00e0i ra khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u201ckh\u00f4ng theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1eef n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u0111i k\u00e8m ch\u1eef th\u1ed5 \u1edf tr\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh \u0111i k\u00e8m ch\u1eef v\u00e2n \u201c\u4e91\u201d, tr\u00f9ng \u201c\u866b\u201d \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f, ch\u1eef tri\u1ec7n) ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef x\u00e0 \u5b83 (ch\u1eef g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201c\u86c7\u201d r\u1eafn) bi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a, b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111u\u00f4i. Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u0169ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0. M\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a con r\u1eafn khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thu\u1eadn theo ph\u1ea7n ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf tu\u00e2n theo m\u00e0 h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, thu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef di \u531c, ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u531a). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh ph\u1ec5u, th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. (Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea7m ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea3y ra. (ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3u n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 g\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh ph\u1ec5u, th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef tha (\u6261), ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 th\u1ee7 (\u624c) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 k\u00e9o (theo). D\u00f9ng tay thu\u1eadn th\u1ebf qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu\u1eadn theo th\u1eddi th\u1ebf, thu\u1eadn theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9y thuy\u1ec1n. (Thi Kinh, Ti\u1ec3u Nh\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: t\u00edch t\u00e2n tha h\u0129, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebb c\u1ee7i theo nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7).<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef tr\u00ec (\u9a70), ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 (\u9a6c) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 phi, ch\u1ea1y b\u0103ng b\u0103ng. Ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ef1a khi ch\u1ea1y nhanh nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef tr\u00ec (\u6c60), ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y (\u6c35) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f), gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tr\u00ec (\u531c). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ao, h\u1ed3. Ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1ng; ng\u00f2i l\u1ea1ch; c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh; k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba (\u5730), ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 th\u1ed5 (\u571f) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t. Th\u1ed5 nh\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean, v\u00e0 to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u00fai s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef th\u1ec9 (\u5f1b) ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 cung (\u5f13) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00f9ng, l\u01a1i l\u1ecfng. Ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 sau khi c\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n sau khi th\u1ea3 l\u1ecfng) th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef tha (\u4ed6), ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec3n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n (\u4ebb) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y, c\u1eadu \u1ea5y, n\u00f3,… (D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n) ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef tha (\u5979), ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec3n gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u1eef (\u5973) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef d\u00e3 (\u4e5f). Ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y, ch\u1ecb \u1ea5y,… (D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 x\u01b0ng h\u00f4 ngo\u00e0i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n) ch\u1ec9 ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng thi\u00ean h\u1eadu th\u1ed5, b\u00e3i b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang sinh \u1edf th\u1ebf gian m\u1ed9t v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i sinh s\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn theo tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. M\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eddi \u01b0u \u00e1i, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft khai m\u1edf tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 tr\u1eddi ban t\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1ea7u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u1ea3m ho\u00e0i h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n, \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u0103ng hoa gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch:<\/i><\/p>\n

Trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ecbch nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, v\u00ec v\u1eady ngo\u00e0i d\u1ecbch nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/144795<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Hu\u1ec7 Ki\u1ebfm [ChanhKien.org] Ch\u00e0o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi! B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n trong lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. 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