[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Kinh Thi<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o, ca dao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf b\u00ean trong, s\u1ebd c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng ca v\u1ecbnh \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i\u201d v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
Ca dao d\u00e2n gian th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i: \u201c\u0110\u1ed3 ca\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1ea1c ca\u201d. Lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eddi h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ca. Lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec7m theo g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c ca. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c, l\u1eddi ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh kh\u00fac.<\/p>\n
Sau th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c suy t\u00e0n, c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca dao v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n trong d\u00e2n gian. Nh\u01b0 M\u1eb7c T\u1eed t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e2m th\u01a1 ba tr\u0103m, g\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e0n ba tr\u0103m, ca th\u01a1 ba tr\u0103m, m\u00faa th\u01a1 ba tr\u0103m\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u201cThi Tam B\u00e1ch\u201d (Ba tr\u0103m b\u00e0i th\u01a1) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u201cKinh Thi\u201d.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a Kinh Thi<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng: \u201cX\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u01a1n ba ngh\u00ecn b\u00e0i th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f2n ba tr\u0103m l\u1ebb n\u0103m b\u00e0i\u201d. Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf h\u01a1n ba ngh\u00ecn b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb Chu Nam, k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf Th\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5ng, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ba tr\u0103m l\u1ebb n\u0103m b\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
Thuy\u1ebft \u201cL\u1ee5c Ngh\u0129a\u201d (s\u00e1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1) trong Kinh Thi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a theo n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong s\u00e1ch \u201cChu L\u1ec5 – Xu\u00e2n Quan\u201d, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Thi:<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/b><\/p>\n
Phong, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, v\u00ed von. C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch x\u01b0a cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m bi\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c khuy\u00ean r\u0103n, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 phong h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca dao, d\u00e2n ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh d\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ca v\u1ec1 x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, phong th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nam n\u1eef. T\u00ednh ra c\u00f3 160 b\u00e0i Qu\u1ed1c phong (ca dao) c\u1ee7a 15 n\u01b0\u1edbc: Chu Nam, Thi\u1ec7u Nam, B\u1ed9i Phong, Th\u1ea3ng Phong, V\u1ec7 Phong, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Phong, Tr\u1ecbnh Phong, T\u1ec1 Phong, Ng\u1ee5y Phong, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Phong, T\u1ea7n Phong, Tr\u1ea7n Phong, C\u1ed1i Phong, T\u00e0o Phong, B\u00e2n Phong.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111oan ch\u00ednh. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i, y\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7c, ho\u1eb7c ca ng\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m ngay ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c nghe nh\u00ecn, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nh\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng trong y\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7c m\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea1i phu, ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i y\u1ebfn ti\u1ec7c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh nh\u00e3, l\u1eddi ca tr\u1eef t\u00ecnh, ng\u00e2m v\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau dao, ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc. Chia th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Nh\u00e3, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 105 b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
T\u1ee5ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ca t\u1ee5ng. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong t\u00f4ng mi\u1ebfu t\u1ebf t\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c ca t\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, Th\u1ea7n linh, b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nh\u1ea1c m\u00faa h\u00e1t d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 qu\u1ef7 Th\u1ea7n, t\u00f4ng mi\u1ebfu. G\u1ed3m ba lo\u1ea1i: Chu T\u1ee5ng, L\u1ed7 T\u1ee5ng, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ee5ng, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 40 b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/b><\/p>\n
Ph\u00fa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ea7n thu\u1eadt, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, thu\u1ed9c l\u1ed1i thu\u1eadt s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n
T\u1ec9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00ed von, so s\u00e1nh, m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00ed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c kia, thu\u1ed9c l\u1ed1i t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n
H\u1ee9ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u1eeda t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5, n\u1eeda thu\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
Kinh Thi thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca dao, d\u00e2n ca. Theo thuy\u1ebft c\u0169, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Chu th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, do Chu C\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c, t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1100 \u0111\u1ebfn 650 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ca dao trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tam \u0110\u1ea1i (H\u1ea1, Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Chu). Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i \u201cTh\u1ea5t Nguy\u1ec7t\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n B\u00e2n Phong ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ca c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n H\u1ea1, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1751 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n 3800 n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 Kinh Thi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Kinh Thi<\/b><\/p>\n
Sau n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1t s\u00e1ch th\u1eddi T\u1ea7n, \u201cKinh Thi\u201d b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n
T\u1ec1 Thi (do ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ec1 l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean C\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n
L\u1ed7 Thi (do ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ed7 l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n B\u1ed3i truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n
H\u00e0n Thi (do ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Y\u00ean l\u00e0 H\u00e0n Anh truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 tam gia thi, \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i \u201ckim v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\u201d hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckim v\u0103n kinh\u201d (t\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n, theo l\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng). \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
Mao Thi: do ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ed7 l\u00e0 Mao Hanh (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Mao c\u00f4ng) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Tri\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Mao Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Mao c\u00f4ng) v\u00e0o th\u1eddi H\u00e1n C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ebf, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh c\u1ed5 v\u0103n m\u00e0 L\u1ed7 Cung V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ebfu Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch. So v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n kinh ch\u1eef kim v\u0103n (\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi) th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u00e1u thi\u00ean \u201cSanh thi\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi th\u01a1, n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ba tr\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u201cc\u1ed5 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc\u201d, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ed5 v\u0103n kinh\u201d truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u1ecbnh Huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i cho b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n kinh duy nh\u1ea5t l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Kinh Thi<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9ng vu trung nhi h\u00ecnh vu ng\u00f4n; ng\u00f4n chi b\u1ea5t t\u00fac, c\u1ed1 giai th\u00e1n chi; giai th\u00e1n chi b\u1ea5t t\u00fac, c\u1ed1 v\u1ecbnh ca chi\u201d (Kinh Thi – \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef1) (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi; l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i than th\u1edf; than th\u1edf ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e2m nga th\u00e0nh th\u01a1 ca). Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed n\u00f3i: \u201cThi tam b\u00e1ch, nh\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n d\u0129 t\u1ebf chi vi\u1ebft: T\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u00e0\u201d (Lu\u1eadn Ng\u1eef – Vi Ch\u00ednh thi\u00ean) (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: Kinh Thi, gom l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 v\u1eady). Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cThi Tam B\u00e1ch\u201d, m\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u201cThi Tam B\u00e1ch\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Kh\u1ed5ng Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n m\u01b0\u1ee3n Kinh Thi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1eddi, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n
Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed cho r\u1eb1ng Kinh Thi \u201cl\u1ea1c nhi b\u1ea5t d\u00e2m, ai nhi b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: vui m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, bu\u1ed3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi l\u1ee5y), \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 than tr\u00e1ch, g\u1ea7n th\u00ec n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, xa th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim, th\u00fa, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cKh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc th\u01a1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cKh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng nh\u1edd l\u1ec5, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1ea1c\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Kh\u1ed5ng m\u00f4n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, Kinh Thi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Odyssey v\u00e0 Iliad c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o s\u00e1nh vai c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn trong r\u1eebng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, b\u1edfi v\u1eady gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eed d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Kinh Thi l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/b><\/p>\n
Li\u1ec5u li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3 nga, ph\u1ec9 nga y hao, ai ai ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu, sinh ng\u00e3 c\u00f9 lao. Li\u1ec5u li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3 nga, ph\u1ec9 nga y u\u1ea5t, ai ai ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu, sinh ng\u00e3 lao t\u00fay. B\u00ecnh chi kh\u00e1nh h\u1ef9, duy l\u00fd chi s\u1ec9, ti\u00ean d\u00e2n chi sinh, b\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u1eed chi c\u1eedu h\u1ef9. V\u00f4 ph\u1ee5 h\u00e0 h\u1ed7? V\u00f4 m\u1eabu h\u00e0 th\u1ecb? Xu\u1ea5t t\u1eafc h\u00e0m tu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadp t\u1eafc mi ch\u00ed. (Ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e3 – C\u1ed1c phong – Li\u1ec5u nga, T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: K\u00eca c\u1ecf nga cao l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ecf nga, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ecf ng\u1ea3i. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay cho cha m\u1eb9; sanh ta ra v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ecdc. K\u00eca c\u1ecf nga sum su\u00ea, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ecf nga, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u1ecf u\u00fd. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng thay cho cha m\u1eb9; sanh ta ra v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc. B\u00ecnh r\u01b0\u1ee3u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i nh\u1ee5c v\u1edbi x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng. Th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ta, ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft \u0111i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. M\u1ea5t cha r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n ai \u0111\u1ec3 ta n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a? M\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft c\u1eady nh\u1edd ai? Ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 th\u00ec mang n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n ai \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd).<\/p>\n
(Cha m\u1eb9 t\u1eebng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ng\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t cao l\u1edbn, t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u00e0o ng\u1edd ta l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u1ecf tranh v\u00f4 t\u00edch s\u1ef1! Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho cha m\u1eb9 ta, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng ta, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft! Cha m\u1eb9 t\u1eebng mong m\u1ecfi ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e2y ng\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t, cao l\u1edbn, t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u00e0o ng\u1edd ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi! Th\u1eadt t\u1ed9i cho cha m\u1eb9 ta, v\u00ec ta m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u00eca tr\u1ea7n! B\u00ecnh r\u01b0\u1ee3u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee1 tan, h\u0169 r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u1edbn kia, h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u0169ng s\u1eafp tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng r\u1ed3i hay sao! (Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: b\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5), \u0111\u1ec3 cha m\u1eb9 \u00f4m hy v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f2n ta, h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00edch s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng lay l\u1eaft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm n\u00ean ch\u1ebft \u0111i cho r\u1ed3i! Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ta m\u1ea5t cha r\u1ed3i, tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n ai \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a! Ta m\u1ea5t m\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n v\u00f2ng tay y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o d\u00e0nh cho ta! R\u1eddi nh\u00e0 ra \u0111i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 ng\u1ed5n ngang bu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng; quay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, bi\u1ebft t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng cha m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o t\u1eebng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc ta!)<\/p>\n
Thi\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u0129, d\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5ng chi c\u1ed1, b\u1ec9 nh\u0129 \u0111\u01a1n h\u1eadu, h\u00e0 ph\u00fac b\u1ea5t tr\u1eeb, b\u1ec9 nh\u0129 \u0111a \u00edch, d\u0129 m\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t th\u1ee9\u2026 Th\u1ea7n chi \u0111i\u1ebfu h\u1ef9, di nh\u0129 \u0111a ph\u00fac, d\u00e2n chi ch\u1ea5t h\u1ef9, nguy\u1ec7t \u1ea9m \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c, qu\u1ea7n l\u00ea b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh, thi\u00ean vi nh\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9c. (Ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e3 – Thi\u00ean b\u1ea3o)<\/p>\n
(N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi ban ph\u00fac ph\u00f9 h\u1ed9 cho b\u1ea1n, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc; Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00ec ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n? M\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i may m\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm xu\u1ec3! N\u1ebfu Th\u1ea7n linh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fac tr\u1eddi ban; nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1eb3ng ai kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng tin y\u00eau b\u1ea1n, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lo l\u1eafng g\u00ec; to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 ca ng\u1ee3i b\u1ea1n!)<\/p>\n
K\u00ednh thi\u00ean chi n\u1ed9, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m h\u00fd d\u1ef1, k\u00ednh thi\u00ean chi du, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m tr\u00ec khu. H\u1ea1o thi\u00ean vi\u1ebft minh, c\u1eadp nh\u0129 xu\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ea1o thi\u00ean vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1n, c\u1eadp nh\u0129 du di\u1ec5n. (\u0110\u1ea1i nh\u00e3 – Sinh d\u00e2n chi th\u1eadm – B\u1ea3n)<\/p>\n
(Qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u01a1 l\u00e0, k\u1ebbo l\u00e0m cho tr\u1eddi cao n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n! Qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n rong ch\u01a1i, k\u1ebbo l\u00e0m cho tr\u1eddi cao \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1eb7t kh\u00f3 \u0111o\u00e1n! D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, tr\u1eddi cao \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, n\u00e0o cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi che gi\u1ea5u hay l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i! D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, tr\u1eddi cao v\u1eabn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t t\u1ed9i hay \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba!)<\/p>\n
L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u1eeb ba \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u01a1 th\u1eed d\u1ecbch \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ni\u1ec1m t\u00edn ph\u1ee5ng, l\u1ec5 nghi t\u1ebf t\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh \u00fay ch\u1ee7 t\u1ec3 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 coi tr\u1ecdng thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh, t\u00f4n th\u1edd Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o, nghi\u00eam t\u00fac tu\u00e2n theo thi\u00ean \u00fd, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn thi\u00ean l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo \u0111u\u1ed5i thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n Trung Hoa, n\u01a1i Tr\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng!<\/p>\n
\u201cThi Tam B\u00e1ch\u201d hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cKinh Thi\u201d, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp th\u01a1 ca \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c; x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u01a1 ca h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim! T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u1ecdc thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Khi b\u1ea1n tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean Trung Hoa, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i: Khi n\u00e0o ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng l\u00f2ng khoan dung, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ecbn b\u1ea9m sinh t\u1eeb thu\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u? Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ca \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. So v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ng\u00e0y nay, khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, kh\u00f3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3! Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh quanh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ec7ch, th\u1eadt huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u!<\/p>\n