{"id":37152,"date":"2025-04-17T11:24:54","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T04:24:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=37152"},"modified":"2025-05-29T23:57:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T16:57:45","slug":"bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129, \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980, \u201cScience\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sheffield \u1edf Anh tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 IQ cao.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng Eccles, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel v\u1ec1 y h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978 r\u1eb1ng: Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u201d \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u1ef1 ng\u00e3\u201d m\u00e0 m\u1eaft th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ebft \u0111i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d. Trung y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u201ct\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n ch\u00ed\u201d. \u201cT\u00e2m\u201d n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u201d m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Eccles n\u00f3i v\u00e0 \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u1ec1 \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft? Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o. (\u1ea2nh: Getty Images)<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 sinh m\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 linh h\u1ed3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean vai. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi: \u201cB\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201cScience\u201d, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Roger Lewin v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1980, v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a John Lorber (1915-1996), gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n kinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sheffield \u1edf Anh.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sheffield \u0111ang ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh to\u00e1n, \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 h\u01a1i to h\u01a1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u1eadu v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lorber \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00eam. C\u1eadu h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 IQ l\u00e0 126. Khi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lorber ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t CAT, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1eadu h\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o! T\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft?<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i khoang s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a hai v\u1ecf n\u00e3o (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee7y n\u00e3o) tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t x\u00e1m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e3nh. V\u1ecf n\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0y 4,5cm v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng qua h\u1ea1ch n\u1ec1n. H\u1ecdc sinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00f4 n\u00e3o d\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 1mm bao ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng, khoang s\u1ecd ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o (b\u1ec7nh n\u00e3o \u00fang th\u1ee7y). Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00e3o \u00fang th\u1ee7y kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e0n t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u khoa to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1eaft gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lorber, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tuy \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. B\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00e3o\u201d c\u00f3 b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u n\u00e3o r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u201cb\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau khi m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf. Tr\u1ecbnh Ti\u1ec3u H\u00e0n (Zheng Xiaohan), m\u1ed9t c\u1eadu b\u00e9 t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb H\u00e0 Nam (Trung Qu\u1ed1c), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt c\u1eaft b\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2010 do ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh. Hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd v\u00e0o n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch hai ph\u1ea7n n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 n\u00e3o ph\u1ea3i. Y h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n 90% b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ed \u1ea9n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/b><\/p>\n

Albert Einstein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 04 n\u0103m 1955, trong di ch\u00fac, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eed thi, nh\u01b0ng Thomas Harvey, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i B\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt l\u1ea5y n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ra v\u00e0 chia c\u1eaft l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh 240 m\u1ea3nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u00e0i n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a Einstein c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u1ec7m h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ba chi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng th\u00f9y \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o Einstein l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 15% so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 th\u00f9y \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 logic.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh ngo\u00e0i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u0103m b\u00ed \u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p trong khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh (\u00fd th\u1ee9c, suy ngh\u0129, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1). Eric Kandel, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel y h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra: \u201cTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, h\u00e0nh vi, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Li\u1ec7u sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u0103m b\u00ed \u1ea9n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh (\u00fd th\u1ee9c, suy ngh\u0129, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1)? B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ch\u1ee5p \u00f4ng Eric Kendall, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel y h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2000. (\u1ea2nh: Getty Images)<\/i><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n chip \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef k\u00fd \u1ee9c, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o ho\u1eb7c \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o. \u201cK\u00fd \u1ee9c \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong n\u00e3o\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi so s\u00e1nh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 1:38, c\u00e1 voi l\u00e0 1:2.500, voi l\u00e0 1:500, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 1:100, chim s\u1ebb l\u00e0 1:34, v\u01b0\u1ee3n l\u00e0 1:28, chu\u1ed9t b\u1ea1ch nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 1:26. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y xem ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t c\u1eaft 0,0001 milimet kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 10,5, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 voi l\u00e0 6,8, c\u1ee7a m\u00e8o l\u00e0 30,8 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t l\u00e0 105,0. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf th\u00ec m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e3nh trong n\u00e3o. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u n\u00e3o tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi tr\u1ea3i ra l\u00e0 2.250 centimet vu\u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u1ecf khi tr\u1ea3i ph\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1 heo c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u r\u00e3nh trong n\u00e3o h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e3o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Suy ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129, \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 John Lorber quan s\u00e1t, \u201csuy ngh\u0129 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o\u201d ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u00e3o \u1edf Virginia, Hoa K\u1ef3. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed9p s\u1ecd c\u1ee7a em ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00fai n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng em s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf em \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m n\u0103m. Em b\u00e9 th\u00edch xem TV v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00fac kh\u00edch theo nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh. \u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00e3o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc!<\/p>\n

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o trong n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau khi b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu oxy trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n xe h\u01a1i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, thi th\u1ec3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. Th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, trong v\u00f2ng 76 gi\u1edd sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t ra s\u00f3ng n\u00e3o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi c\u00f3. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau ba ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn 146 gi\u1edd sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t r\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p oxy v\u00e0 m\u00e1u v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00e3o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. Tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 sinh m\u1ec7nh t\u1ef1 do, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 linh h\u1ed3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. N\u0103m 1966, khi c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean t\u1edbi 0,5 gi\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e3o th\u00ec s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng tr\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

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Cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m v\u1ec1 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2010. (\u1ea2nh: AFP)<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00e2m suy ngh\u0129 hay n\u00e3o suy ngh\u0129?<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129\u201d, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 do \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d s\u1ea3n sinh. Y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cT\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n ch\u00ed\u201d. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1eef trong H\u00e1n ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d (\u5fc3), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 suy ngh\u0129 (\u601d\u60f3), c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc (\u8003\u8651), v.v. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng? \u00dd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 k\u1ef9 hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d m\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n Trung Hoa nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00e1i tim\u201d m\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e3o \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, trong khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u201cl\u1eafng nghe n\u00e3o\u201d. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc y h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan do t\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, Trung y cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ccan t\u00e0ng huy\u1ebft, huy\u1ebft h\u00e0m h\u1ed3n\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef3 t\u00e0ng doanh, doanh h\u00e0m \u00fd\u201d, \u201ct\u00e2m t\u00e0ng m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ea1ch h\u00e0m th\u1ea7n\u201d, \u201cph\u1ebf t\u00e0ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed h\u00e0m ph\u00e1ch\u201d, \u201cth\u1eadn t\u00e0ng tinh, tinh h\u00e0m ch\u00ed\u201d. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 Trung y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Trung y – c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, nh\u01b0ng khi tim ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eadp th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa oxy trong m\u00e1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c proton hydro t\u1ef1 do trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00ec v\u1eady, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng tin theo \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1i tim cung c\u1ea5p trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tim v\u00e0 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201ct\u00e2m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n ch\u00ed\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 D\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ea3nh \u0110oan (Yang Jingduan) t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Thomas Jefferson \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o T\u00e2n K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng y h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 quan r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ck\u1ef3 h\u1eb1ng chi ph\u1ee7\u201d (c\u01a1 quan b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc, k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1). Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh l\u1ea1c trong Trung y \u0111\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u00ecn c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 huy.<\/p>\n

Tim c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa, T\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong Trung y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e1i tim. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb\u201d n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n gh\u00e9p tim \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn tim.<\/p>\n

Jim Clark l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i x\u1ebf xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u 40 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a c\u1ea3m. \u00d4ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 t\u00ecnh cho v\u1ee3 v\u00ec \u00f4ng b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 15 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft v\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng sau ca gh\u00e9p tim, Jim b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng th\u01a1 t\u00ecnh cho v\u1ee3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng kinh ng\u1ea1c v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cl\u1eadp d\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0m th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn tim r\u1ea5t th\u00edch l\u00e0m th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, trong 40 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ca gh\u00e9p tim \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, c\u1ee9 10 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p tim th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Tim California c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i tim kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u201cm\u00e1y b\u01a1m\u201d. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong tim, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, sau khi b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng tay, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111au, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111au r\u1ed3i khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Hoa K\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ed1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng la h\u00e9t t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. B\u00e1c s\u1ef9 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng: Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y xem to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o gh\u1ebf, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda trong l\u00f2 than b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111ang ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 d\u00f9ng k\u1eb9p l\u1ea5y ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu l\u00ean c\u00e1nh tay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, ch\u1ec9 nghe m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u201c\u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m r\u1ed3i\u201d, c\u00e1nh tay ph\u1ea3 ra m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n kh\u00f3i, sau \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau th\u00e9t th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng. K\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean gh\u1ebf lo\u1ea1ng cho\u1ea1ng ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u00f4m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1nh tay b\u1ecb b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t v\u1ebft b\u1ecfng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh tay.<\/p>\n

Sau khi b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m xem li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, \u00f4ng d\u1eabn anh \u1ea5y v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o gh\u1ebf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu r\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m t\u1eeb trong l\u00f2 ra v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu n\u00e0y l\u00ean c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a anh\u201d. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00f3ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 anh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau la. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh tay anh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft b\u1ecfng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ba c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng xu.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft b\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng la h\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng xu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1i \u1ea5m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady v\u1ebft b\u1ecfng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ba n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u01a1 b\u1eafp c\u1ee7a anh \u1ea5y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2010. (\u1ea2nh: AFP)<\/i><\/p>\n

B\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n, ba ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt. Anh u\u1ed1ng xong ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4i mi\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111un s\u00f4i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1c s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a anh n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 anh \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady. Ai l\u00e0m ra nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u0103m 1955, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Henry K. Beecher ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng g\u1ea7n \u00bc s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111au l\u01b0ng, \u0111au kh\u1edbp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c sau khi d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c tinh b\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Henry nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u01b0ng t\u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c: T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Do t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u00e0i x\u00edch vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ngay c\u1ea3 khi u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c hay hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea3y ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n, ba ph\u1ea7n b\u1ec7nh\u201d, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Hung th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ai? \u00dd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cT\u00e2m l\u00fd sinh h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc James Clutter. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c t\u1ed1 t\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01a1i kh\u0103m: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam khuya, h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd nh\u00e9t m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai v\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ga xe l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, \u00e2m thanh \u201c\u1ea7m \u1ea7m\u201d khi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh rung chuy\u1ec3n. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00fai ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng khi t\u00e0u s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u00fai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u00f9ng v\u1eaby n\u1eefa. Sau khi chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u r\u1eddi \u0111i, h\u1ecd m\u1edf chi\u1ebfc t\u00fai ra, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh kia ch\u1ebft l\u1eb7ng: b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra thi th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng. T\u00f2a n\u00ean ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e2y? V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m do Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 James th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u00f4ng th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed9t tr\u1eafng v\u00e0o h\u1ed3, th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01a1i ngay m\u00e0 quay v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau. Khi ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh ch\u00f3i tai, chu\u1ed9t d\u00f9ng r\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e2m nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch,\u2026 c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i d\u01a1i. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 k\u00eau l\u00ean, quay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i b\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. M\u1ed9t l\u00fac sau, n\u00f3 b\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1edd. C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 James l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t con chu\u1ed9t tr\u1eafng, c\u1eaft h\u1ebft r\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y con chu\u1ed9t c\u0169ng quay tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh ch\u00f3i tai. V\u00ec r\u00e2u c\u1ee7a con chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c quay cu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 la h\u00e9t. M\u1ed9t l\u00fac sau, con chu\u1ed9t ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 James Clutter gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: V\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean trong suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. N\u00f3 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01a1i ra ngo\u00e0i. V\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 d\u1eebng m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p k\u1ebft th\u00fac sinh m\u1ec7nh. T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201c\u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i kh\u0103m t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft khi nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng t\u00e0u \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray rung chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa x\u00e9 n\u00e1t, anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 k\u1ebft li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh khi \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch anh c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

\u201cTinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u201d v\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Martin Gardner k\u1ecbch li\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0. Theo kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong s\u1ed1 6,3 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebft v\u00ec ung th\u01b0 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, 80% ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi anh ta r\u1eb1ng anh ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 c\u1eaft v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 tay, r\u1ed3i m\u1edf v\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n cho t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n nghe ti\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt, ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft. Nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Gardner cho r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 sinh l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n kinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dac, Sir John Carew Eccles (1903~1997), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel y h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 1963, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft kinh nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1978 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: S\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u201d \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0 duy phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1edf m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00f4i thai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u. \u201cLinh h\u1ed3n\u201d con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u00fd th\u1ee9c, suy ngh\u0129, y\u00eau, gh\u00e9t, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, v.v.\u201d. \u00d4ng suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d m\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i sau khi b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1eed vong. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Eccles g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng \u201ctinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c\u201d. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u1ec1 \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn phi l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00fa v\u1ecb<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 h\u01a1n 14 t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e3o, m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 50.000 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n 1.500 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u1edbp th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn truy\u1ec1n xung \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean t\u1edbi 1 v\u00e0 theo sau l\u00e0 10 tri\u1ec7u km s\u1ed1 0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f5 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eef ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n! K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi 40 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u kilowatt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 1.400 gram, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 1,5 decimet kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 10 watt \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 10.000 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9a 10 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin 100 t\u1ef7 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y. B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao. Kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e3o g\u1eb7p tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i gi\u1edd. \u1ede tu\u1ed5i 100, kho\u1ea3ng 1\/10 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e3o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o t\u1eed vong. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng \u00edt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o th\u00ec c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e3o ch\u1ebft \u0111i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee5p c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb (MRI) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 100% nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 10% b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/i><\/p>\n

(B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u0103ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u201cC\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n trang b\u00eca\u201d s\u1ed1 207 c\u1ee7a \u201cTu\u1ea7n san T\u00e2n K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean\u201d)<\/i><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:\u00a0https:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/291956<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129, \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980, \u201cScience\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,114],"tags":[536],"class_list":["post-37152","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loat-bai","category-nhan-the-hoc","tag-bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nB\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m (Ph\u1ea7n 1) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m (Ph\u1ea7n 1) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ChanhKien.org] H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129, \u00fd th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980, \u201cScience\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-17T04:24:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-29T16:57:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20240806_ZJ_Rentishengming_danao2-image.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"editor_n\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"editor_n\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"41 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"editor_n\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d39853a2b0e6235cdad43189e4cbd085\"},\"headline\":\"B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m (Ph\u1ea7n 1)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-17T04:24:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-29T16:57:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html\"},\"wordCount\":8111,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/20240806_ZJ_Rentishengming_danao2-image.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i (Series)\",\"Nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/bo-nao-bi-hieu-lam-phan-1.html\",\"name\":\"B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m (Ph\u1ea7n 1) - 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