{"id":37118,"date":"2025-04-14T11:57:01","date_gmt":"2025-04-14T04:57:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=37118"},"modified":"2025-05-29T23:54:48","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T16:54:48","slug":"hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-12-nghien-cuu-ky-thuat-ve-tranh-son-dau-truyen-thong-phan-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/04\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-12-nghien-cuu-ky-thuat-ve-tranh-son-dau-truyen-thong-phan-5.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (12): Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Ph\u1ea7n 5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd tranh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, trong khi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1ebd hai l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian v\u1ebd tranh d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

\u1ede gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tinh t\u01b0\u01a1m chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m v\u1ebd v\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 h\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ebd \u201cch\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu trong b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00ec th\u1eadt thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i, s\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7u, n\u00e9t c\u1ecd, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, v.v. th\u00ec c\u1ea7n b\u1ecf ch\u00fat c\u00f4ng phu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o. V\u1eady n\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp hay ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, l\u1ecfng tay h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y khi c\u1ea7n v\u1ebd ch\u1eb7t tay t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0 duy xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m v\u1ebd c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. B\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh (quan h\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i, quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u), ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 s\u1ebd ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n sau, v\u1eady n\u00ean g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd ch\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd kho\u1ea3ng 20 – 30% b\u1ee9c tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd c\u1ee9 lu\u00f4n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1edfi quan ni\u1ec7m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecfng nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n n\u1ebfu s\u01a1n \u0111i ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 ba b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean m\u00e0u. V\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1ebd m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhanh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, v\u1ebd nhanh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

Qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. Khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o thanh t\u1ec9nh l\u00fd tr\u00ed, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, th\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t huy h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khi x\u1eed l\u00fd chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u th\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 trong l\u00fac v\u00f4 \u00fd hay h\u1eefu \u00fd theo quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 s\u01a1n ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u l\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u01a1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd th\u00eam v\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u1ea5t gian kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft, k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft. Theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lu\u1eadt xa g\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 g\u1ea7n l\u1edbn xa nh\u1ecf, g\u1ea7n r\u00f5 xa m\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 – m\u1edd trong b\u1ee9c tranh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1edd kh\u00f3 coi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda do h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Albrecht D\u00fcrer s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1500. H\u1ecda s\u1ef9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp kh\u1eaft khe v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eebng s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c. M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c cho b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00f3ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc… Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eebng s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c, t\u1eebng s\u1ee3i r\u00e2u nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n sang ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng trung b\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1ea7n sang t\u00f4ng x\u00e1m, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n xuy\u00ean qua giao gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n quang, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00f3ng. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, tinh khi\u1ebft, m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 b\u1ee9c tranh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00e9t c\u1ecd n\u00e0o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 tinh x\u1ea3o, m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1ebd ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fa \u00fd quan s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn g\u00f3c d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh, xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea7ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecda s\u1ef9, Albrecht D\u00fcrer b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa tr\u1edf l\u00ean nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh kh\u1eaft khe.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi, tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00f4ng l\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed1m nh\u01b0 \u201choa\u201d, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u b\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 che \u0111i nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft th\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ee9c tranh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c tranh mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp phong ph\u00fa trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c m\u00e0u b\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u sau n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u00e0u b\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee5c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u00e0u, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u00e0u b\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u00e0u, trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u01a1n v\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp m\u00e0u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ebd t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00e0nh b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau (tr\u1eeb m\u00e0u ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng). Ph\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00e1i ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, v\u1eady n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc qu\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 d\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn to\u00e1t l\u00ean v\u1ebb ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/49776<\/a><\/p>\n

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[ChanhKien.org] Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai. 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