https:\/\/www.dha.ac.cn\/info\/1425\/3608.htm<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n6. \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi hang \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 17 trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ea1c Cao, \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. Hang n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i Trung th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (851) \u0111\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng Bi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u1eef v\u00f9ng H\u00e0 T\u00e2y l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Thanh, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u00ean L\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Ma Th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc, do cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00eau b\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1eedu Tuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o tu h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. Sau n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e2n du, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, khi leo l\u00ean n\u00fai Tam Nguy, \u00f4ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y sao?\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 tu h\u00e0nh. V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f4n ba kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n, d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00e1t t\u00edch t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00f9ng tu c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p hang \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 16 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m. V\u00e0o n\u0103m Quang T\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 26 (1900), V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u201cd\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i th\u00f4ng ba l\u1edbp c\u00e1t trong hang\u201d, \u0111\u01b0a b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y ra th\u1ebf gian. Tr\u00ean bia m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi: \u201cTrong v\u00e1ch hang n\u1ee9t ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng le l\u00f3i h\u1eaft ra t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong. Ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00e1ch hang, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ecf, b\u00ean trong r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n kinh s\u00e1ch th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 quan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n tai nhau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\u201d. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, hang M\u1ea1c Cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
6.1. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, m\u1ed7i m\u1eb7t d\u00e0i 2,6 m\u00e9t, cao ba m\u00e9t, v\u00e1ch ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo ki\u1ec3u gi\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n b\u1ec7 th\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, hai b\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1eeda v\u00f2m, h\u01b0\u01a1u ng\u1eadm linh chi, h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft hoa tr\u00e0 xung quanh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0y d\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng Bi\u1ec7n. Tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u1ebd hai c\u00e2y b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ni c\u00f4 hai tay c\u1ea7m qu\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n h\u00ecnh chim ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb n\u1eef tay c\u1ea7m g\u1eady. Tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u00f3 g\u1eafn bia k\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3ng Bi\u1ec7n. B\u00ean trong hang ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 50.000 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XI (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Th\u1eadp L\u1ee5c Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng), l\u00e0 kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n th\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c di s\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, bao g\u1ed3m tranh l\u1ee5a, tranh v\u1ea3i, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00eau, ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed, v.v., c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00f3n. V\u0103n th\u01b0 trong hang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ed, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, y th\u01b0, phong t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n gian, danh t\u1ecbch, s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch, th\u01a1 v\u0103n, t\u1eeb kh\u00fac, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00f4n, du k\u00fd, t\u1ea1p v\u0103n, t\u1eadp th\u01b0, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
6.1.1. Kinh s\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh, kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 90% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u0103n th\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n: Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn, g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Tam T\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u01b0 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n kinh Ph\u1eadt, m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 kinh Ph\u1eadt vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, m\u1eb7t sau l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean v\u0103n kinh Ph\u1eadt vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5, ti\u1ebfng Pali, v.v., d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Trong hang c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kinh Ph\u1eadt c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Tam T\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Theo kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 368 lo\u1ea1i kinh Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kinh Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kinh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft Di\u00ean M\u1ec7nh Kinh<\/i>, Ch\u01b0 Tinh M\u1eabu \u0110\u00e0-La-Ni Kinh<\/i>, v.v., \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Sa Ch\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, v.v..<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o trong v\u0103n th\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 phong ph\u00fa, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb th\u1eddi S\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea5y t\u1ed1t, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh<\/i> c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n sao, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh<\/i> l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Kinh<\/i> l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 quy\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch L\u00e3o T\u1eed<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebb tre \u1edf Ng\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u1ee5a \u1edf M\u00e3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh<\/i>, trong \u0111\u00f3 L\u00e3o T\u1eed T\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u0129 ch\u00fa<\/i> v\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh ngh\u0129a s\u01a1<\/i> c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Huy\u1ec1n Anh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00e9p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n sao ch\u00e9p qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi h\u1eadu th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 Ma Ni gi\u00e1o. C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u0103m 635), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 200 n\u0103m. Kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o Tam Uy M\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ed9 T\u00e1n<\/i>, v.v., v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o. Cu\u1ed1n kinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m 30 lo\u1ea1i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n C\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
6.1.2. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ea1i, \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Quy Ngh\u0129a cai tr\u1ecb, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh l\u1ea1i l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u01a1n 100 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n trong kho v\u0103n th\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Sa Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed1c Ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ed3 Kinh<\/i>, Th\u1ecd X\u01b0\u01a1ng huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea3nh<\/i>, Sa Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed<\/i>, v.v..<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong kho t\u00e0ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Thi kinh<\/i>, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0<\/i>, Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef<\/i>, v.v. v\u00e0 th\u01a1, ca t\u1eeb, bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, t\u1ee5c ph\u00fa, v.v., trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u00e2n gian. V\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 V\u00e2n Dao t\u1eadp<\/i>, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e2n Dao t\u1eadp<\/i> t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 V\u00e2n Dao t\u1eadp t\u1ea1p kh\u00fac t\u1eed<\/i>, g\u1ed3m 30 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, l\u00e0 t\u1eadp b\u1ea3n sao c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng Hoa Gian t\u1eadp<\/i> do Tri\u1ec7u S\u00f9ng T\u1ed9 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 ba th\u1eddi H\u1eadu Th\u1ee5c (n\u0103m 940) l\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u01a1 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Theo kh\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9ng, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra V\u00e2n Dao t\u1eadp<\/i> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m Long \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 hai th\u1eddi H\u1eadu L\u01b0\u01a1ng (n\u0103m 922). V\u00e2n Dao t\u1eadp<\/i> ban \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m hai cu\u1ed1n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Stein, Pelliot v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y \u0111i, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u1edf Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n sao Gia hu\u1ea5n Th\u00e1i C\u00f4ng<\/i> th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef d\u00e2n gian, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: “\u1ede ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t”; “G\u1ea7n k\u1ebb d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1eeba, g\u1ea7n k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb c\u1eafp. G\u1ea7n k\u1ebb ngu d\u1ed1t s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngu d\u1ed1t, g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng th\u01a1m”; “Si\u00eang n\u0103ng l\u00e0 b\u00e1u v\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u00e1, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc s\u00e1ng trong \u0111\u00eam”; “Th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00e1 b\u00f9a h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh”; “T\u00edch tr\u1eef t\u00e0i ph\u00fa v\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n kinh; ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn v\u1ea1n kho\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c ngh\u1ec7 theo th\u00e2n”, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ebb em th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 khai s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong v\u0103n th\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, y d\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y in \u1ea5n, v.v. v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 C\u1eedu c\u1eedu th\u1eeba ph\u00e1p ca<\/i>, To\u00e1n kinh<\/i> v\u00e0 L\u1eadp th\u00e0nh to\u00e1n kinh<\/i>; trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 Nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp b\u00e1t t\u00fa v\u1ecb kinh<\/i>, To\u00e0n thi\u00ean tinh \u0111\u1ed3<\/i> v\u00e0 T\u1eed vi vi\u00ean tinh \u0111\u1ed3<\/i>; v\u0103n b\u1ea3n y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 60 cu\u1ed9n, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung y h\u1ecdc trong kinh Ph\u1eadt, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: y kinh, ch\u00e2m c\u1ee9u, th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed9n, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9p kinh, kinh d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea5p, h\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbm, t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 trang \u0111\u01a1n, v.v., c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n d\u1eadp, b\u1ea3n in v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00eau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00f3ng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed in \u1ea5n, trong \u0111\u00f3 Kim Cang B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3-Ba-La-M\u1eadt-\u0110a Kinh<\/i> n\u0103m H\u00e0m Th\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n in kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5, nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ed5, kh\u00fac ph\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u0169 ph\u1ed5, gi\u00fap cho h\u1eadu nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 v\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong kho v\u0103n th\u01b0 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i m\u00f3n \u0103n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
6.1.3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n, ch\u1eef Duy Ng\u00f4 Nh\u0129, ch\u1eef T\u00e2y H\u1ea1, ch\u1eef M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, ch\u1eef Sogdia, ch\u1eef Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3, ch\u1eef Khotan, ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n, ch\u1eef Tocharians, ch\u1eef Do Th\u00e1i, v.v..<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eef T\u1ea1ng c\u1ed5, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eef T\u1ea1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong 100 n\u0103m h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n, sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n di\u1ec7t vong v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IX, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y. R\u1ea5t may l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef T\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IX. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u1eef T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Stein v\u00e0 Pelliot l\u1ea5y \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1906-1908, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i Anh v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n C\u1ed5 t\u1ecbch Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng t\u1ea1ng v\u0103n v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn<\/i>.<\/p>\n
6.2. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ni\u00eam phong \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh<\/b><\/p>\n
6.2.1. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sau g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m b\u1ecb ni\u00eam phong. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Pelliot \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c trong hang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef T\u00e2y H\u1ea1, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i mu\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 976-983 \u0111\u1ebfn 995-997, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y H\u1ea1 v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh v\u00e0 ni\u00eam phong l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XI \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ni\u00eam phong \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh. N\u0103m C\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ba (n\u0103m 1006), v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Kara-Khanids \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Khotan, v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Khotan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p mang t\u00ednh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khotan ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, mang theo tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u1edf M\u1ea1c Cao \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u kinh s\u00e1ch, tranh l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng (nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh) v\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y trang che gi\u1ea5u c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
6.2.2. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00fd<\/i>, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Stein \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea3nh gi\u1ea5y v\u1ee5n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, m\u1ea3nh tranh l\u1ee5a c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a trong hang, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m linh thi\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/i> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n kinh b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh b\u1ecb ni\u00eam phong, \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/i> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 xin tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ban t\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/i> ch\u1eef b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Nh\u00e3 Kinh<\/i> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed9p g\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n, nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong hang \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n
6.2.3. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o kho s\u00e1ch<\/b><\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Fujieda Akira. Trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o “M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng”, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1000, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n kinh g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Trung Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. V\u00ec d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n mang theo, n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u01b0a th\u00edch. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n kinh kh\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kho s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng linh tinh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef v\u00e0 ni\u00eam phong trong hang \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ni\u00eam phong \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c theo ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5c Nam – B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 x\u00e2y t\u00e0ng kinh c\u00e1c, v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m \u1edf cu\u1ed1i tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a. M\u1ea1c Cao v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tu h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n
6.3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n 15.000 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kinh Ph\u1eadt, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Aurel Stein.<\/p>\n
Sau khi c\u00f4ng khai b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh, V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn xem v\u00e0 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00ean huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng mu\u1ed1n quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng tu c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. Nh\u01b0 Stein \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed1n T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00fd<\/i>: “\u00d4ng \u1ea5y (V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t n\u00e0y, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u1ebb huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u00f4ng \u1ea5y”. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i h\u00f3a duy\u00ean v\u00e0 quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1907, Stein \u0111\u00e3 ba l\u1ea7n mua m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200b\u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh. Sau khi th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Anh Qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1973, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1908, Paul Pelliot, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng Trung v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung \u00c1, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Trung l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng tu hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh v\u1edbi Pelliot. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n Stein m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, Pelliot \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tinh t\u00fay nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng Stein. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Paris.<\/p>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m do nh\u00e0 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u014ctani K\u014dzui t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 Nij\u014dj\u014d c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 do kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ch\u00fang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 L\u1eef Thu\u1eadn, Seoul v\u00e0 Kyoto.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 08 n\u0103m 1914, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Sergey Oldenburg d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Oldenburg \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong tay t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 12.000 m\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Hermitage \u1edf Saint Petersburg.<\/p>\n
6.4. Suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung phong ph\u00fa, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “b\u00e1ch khoa to\u00e0n th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5”. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 giao thoa t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh b\u1ecb ni\u00eam phong c\u0169ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n huy ho\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi T\u00f9y \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 Ph\u1ed3n v\u00e0 Quy Ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 s\u1eafp b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy t\u00e0n, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t “huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi. Sau g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m b\u1ecb phong b\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra cho th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n bi\u1ebft. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 duy\u00ean, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong hang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u1ebd n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi?<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111au x\u00f3t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh, m\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950 \u0111\u1ebfn “C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a”, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, ni c\u00f4 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khai kh\u1ea9n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng, Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng (sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7. Trong “C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a”, Th\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u01b0 H\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb quy k\u1ebft l\u00e0 “ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng”, “k\u1ebb \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a”, b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 sai, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u1ee3n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau v\u0103n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb gi\u1eadm ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n
C\u00f3 l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u1eadt \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean x\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n
(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/i><\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/53061<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[ChanhKien.org] T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh: https:\/\/www.dha.ac.cn\/info\/1425\/3608.htm 6. \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e0ng Kinh l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi hang \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 17 trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1ea1c Cao, \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng. Hang n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i Trung th\u1ee9 n\u0103m (851) \u0111\u1eddi vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,103],"tags":[270],"class_list":["post-36569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loat-bai","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-don-hoang"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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