{"id":35976,"date":"2025-01-27T08:24:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T01:24:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=35976"},"modified":"2025-06-15T10:45:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-15T03:45:09","slug":"ven-buc-man-van-minh-tien-su-phan-3-ky-thuat-luyen-kim-va-hoat-dong-khai-khoang-cua-con-nguoi-tien-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/01\/ven-buc-man-van-minh-tien-su-phan-3-ky-thuat-luyen-kim-va-hoat-dong-khai-khoang-cua-con-nguoi-tien-su.html","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e9n b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed (Ph\u1ea7n 3): K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai kho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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I-2 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai kho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed<\/b> Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh hoa kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 100.000 n\u0103m<\/b><\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1851, tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d (cu\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, trang 298-299) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 sau v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i Dorchester, bang Massachusetts, M\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh hoa b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb n\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh hai n\u1eeda bay ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1. Sau khi \u0111em hai n\u1eeda b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra \u1ea5y gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh hoa h\u00ecnh chu\u00f4ng, cao 4,5 inches (kho\u1ea3ng 11,4 cm), \u0111\u00e1y b\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng 6,5 inches (kho\u1ea3ng 16,5 cm), c\u1ed5 b\u00ecnh r\u1ed9ng 2,5 inches (kho\u1ea3ng 6,4 cm), \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 0,125 inches. B\u00ecnh hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea1c chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ean th\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc s\u00e1u \u0111\u00f3a hoa t\u1eeb b\u1ea1c nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng c\u1ee5m, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed d\u00e2y leo bao quanh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m t\u1eeb b\u1ea1c nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t tinh x\u1ea3o, do m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 danh ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c. Chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 15 inches d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung t\u00edch n\u00f3 n\u1eefa, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n

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N\u0103m 1851, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u0103ng tin: trong v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 nham th\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i bang Massachusetts ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh hoa kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c tinh x\u1ea3o, \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eebng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 100.000 n\u0103m.<\/i><\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfc bugi t\u1eeb 50 v\u1ea1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 13\/02\/1961, ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c tinh th\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Corno c\u00e1ch Olancha, bang California, M\u1ef9 12 d\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 4.300 feet (1.300 m) so v\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Tinh th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, r\u1ed7ng b\u00ean trong, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e2n th\u1ee7y tinh. H\u00f4m \u1ea5y trong l\u00fac t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, khi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai th\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Sau khi ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0m hai n\u1eeda, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! B\u00ean trong l\u00e0 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1 cu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng s\u00e1u m\u1eb7t, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 n\u00e3o, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf bao b\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 0.75 inches (1.9 cm), trung t\u00e2m h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 2mm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng tr\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, tuy \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 tr\u00f2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00f2n, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111inh v\u00e0 mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Charles Ford, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c di v\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee5p tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh X-quang v\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n b\u00ean trong h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00e0n t\u00edch m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p X-quang cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u00f2 xo ho\u1eb7c xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1eadt ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 s\u1ee9 tinh x\u1ea3o, tr\u1ee5c kim lo\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c linh ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bugi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 500 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh vu\u00f4ng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1851, b\u00e1o c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Springfield, Illinois, M\u1ef9 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n t\u00ean Hiram De Witt t\u1eeb California mang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ee7y tinh m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng to kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm tay, khi anh ta \u0111\u01b0a vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 xem, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ee1 tan. Trong \u0111\u1ed1ng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1, h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh s\u1eaft vu\u00f4ng, h\u01a1i hoen g\u1ec9 nh\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2y \u0111inh r\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh v\u00edt s\u1eaft ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 21 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1865, t\u1ea1i h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf Abbey thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Treasure, ti\u1ec3u bang Nevada, M\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh \u1ed1c d\u00e0i 2 inch (5.08cm). Chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft h\u1eb1n trong kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Qua ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 21 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o 40 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111inh<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1844, t\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 Khoa h\u1ecdc Anh qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc David Brewster \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn. Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 Kingoodie g\u1ea7n Inchyra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i sa th\u1ea1ch, trong kh\u1ed1i sa th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e1i \u0111inh. C\u00e1i \u0111inh n\u00e0y tuy \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0103n m\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau khi tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ed1i sa th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 40 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

S\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i ra t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfc l\u00f2 h\u01a1n 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i<\/b><\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c kim lo\u1ea1i. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9\/6\/1891 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Morrisonville, bang Illinois, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef t\u00ean S. W. Culp \u0111ang x\u00fac than cho v\u00e0o l\u00f2 th\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c than b\u1ed7ng v\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f4i, t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong r\u01a1i ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng. S\u1ee3i d\u00e2y n\u00e0y d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 10 inch (25,4 cm), kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m carat, n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee1 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed3ng penny, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 tinh x\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed5 cao c\u1ea5p. Ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 6, th\u1eddi b\u00e1o Morrisonville Times \u0111\u01b0a tin, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea3nh than v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00ednh v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y, m\u1ea3nh than c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u00f2 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u h\u1eb1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ea3nh than \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 300 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc n\u1ed3i s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc trong than \u0111\u00e1 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 225 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Thomas, Oklahoma, M\u1ef9. N\u0103m 1912, khi hai c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00fac than v\u00e0o l\u00f2, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh than kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng b\u00faa r\u00e8n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eadp v\u1ee1. M\u1ea3nh than v\u1ee1 ra, h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t kinh ng\u1ea1c khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i s\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong! Sau khi l\u1ea5y n\u1ed3i s\u1eaft ra, hai n\u1eeda m\u1ea3nh than b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch v\u1ee1 v\u1eeba hay h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i s\u1eaft. Qua ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i chuy\u00ean gia, m\u1ea3nh than bao quanh c\u00e1i n\u1ed3i \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1eeb l\u1edbp than \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 325 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

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N\u0103m 1912, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Oklahoma k\u00fd t\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/i><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 2,8 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, t\u1ea1i d\u00e3y n\u00fai Crake thu\u1ed9c Nam Phi, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 2,8 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u00e3nh xung quanh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng r\u00e3nh n\u00e0y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 2 t\u1ef7 8 n\u0103m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Crake thu\u1ed9c Nam Phi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc r\u00e3nh (\u1ea3nh cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi Roelf Marx)<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng th\u00eam hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau xem th\u1eed c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c khai kho\u00e1ng, luy\u1ec7n kim c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gia c\u00f4ng ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1968, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 th\u1eddi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Kolyut Megurchi t\u1ea1i Chamor, n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Armenia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra di ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng x\u01b0\u1edfng luy\u1ec7n kim th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed. Gi\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y luy\u1ec7n kim l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng luy\u1ec7n kim t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 5000 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u00f9ng 200 l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n kim, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh hoa, \u0111ao th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eabn, v\u00f2ng tay. Kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ebf luy\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, ch\u00ec, k\u1ebdm, s\u1eaft, v\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebfc, mangan, v.v. Ngo\u00e0i ra \u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo bao tay v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u trang c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc khi luy\u1ec7n kim. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i k\u00ecm s\u1eaft, khi \u0111em \u0111i h\u00f3a nghi\u1ec7m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean x\u00f4 c\u0169, M\u1ef9, Anh, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Vidar \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201cKhoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng Chamor l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c luy\u1ec7n kim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xa x\u01b0a m\u00e0 ta ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ‘Khoa h\u1ecdc’ v\u00e0 ‘C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p’\u201d.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1969 v\u00e0 1972, t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Westland, Nam Phi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 10 m\u1ecf qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ecf thi\u1ebfc t\u1ea1i Veneto, Remonto, Ch\u00e2u Phi, sau khi tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o 43.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea1i h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o Isle Royale, M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o. Theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0nh khai kho\u00e1ng trong th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t quanh khu m\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u1ea5t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1ecf \u201cLane Colliery\u201d t\u1ea1i Utah, M\u1ef9. N\u0103m 1953, khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111ang khai th\u00e1c than t\u1ea1i m\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh than. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ebb than trong \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t xa x\u01b0a. Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1953, hai h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra, ch\u1ee9ng minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf n\u01a1i \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i Lane Colliery v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Isle Royale, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1ecf th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u0169ng t\u1eebng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m khai th\u00e1c, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n than \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf th\u1eddi vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc xem tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i Propins, Ph\u00e1p. Trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1786 \u0111\u1ebfn 1788, m\u1ecf khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i t\u00f2a t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch trong m\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u00f9 sa. Khi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng nham th\u1ea1ch th\u1ee9 11, \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 12 – 15 m h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 sa. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n g\u1ea1t b\u1ecf l\u1edbp ph\u00f9 sa kia, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 nham th\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng kinh ng\u1ea1c khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n xu, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e1n b\u00faa g\u1ed7 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n g\u1ed7, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch, t\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea3nh. Khi x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u00e1n g\u1ed7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hay d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb\u00a0: https:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/20890<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I-2 K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai kho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81,304],"tags":[508],"class_list":["post-35976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bi-an-khoa-hoc","category-loat-bai","tag-ven-buc-man-van-minh-tien-su"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nV\u00e9n b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n v\u0103n minh ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed (Ph\u1ea7n 3): K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khai kho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed - 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