{"id":35786,"date":"2025-01-07T10:22:50","date_gmt":"2025-01-07T03:22:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=35786"},"modified":"2025-05-29T23:55:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T16:55:08","slug":"hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-10-nghien-cuu-ky-phap-ve-tranh-son-dau-truyen-thong-phan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2025\/01\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-10-nghien-cuu-ky-phap-ve-tranh-son-dau-truyen-thong-phan-3.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (10): Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Ph\u1ea7n 3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u201cSvelature, trenta o quaranta!\u201d (M\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t, 30-40 l\u1edbp!) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Titian. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f2a s\u1eafc quang h\u1ecdc (*) tr\u00ean c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 vai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp ph\u00e1t huy h\u01a1n n\u1eefa s\u1ee9c h\u00fat n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u201cLa femme au miroir\u201d), ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1515. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf tr\u00ean y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u00e0n da c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng qua h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quen thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh sau m\u1ed9t hai l\u1ea7n tr\u1ed9n m\u00e0u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng v\u1ebd, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 ph\u00e1p s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp n\u00e0y. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tr\u1ed9n m\u00e0u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd \u01b0\u1edbt (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean l\u1edbp s\u01a1n c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbt b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0u l\u00fac m\u00e0u c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbt th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. V\u00ec l\u1edbp m\u00e0u c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbt n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u1ecd t\u00f4 m\u00e0u l\u00fac n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1edbp m\u00e0u kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi v\u1ebd th\u00ec c\u1ecd s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t d\u00ednh, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp sau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00f2a m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u trung t\u00ednh v\u1edbi m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng r\u1ed3i v\u1ebd \u01b0\u1edbt c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u00ean tranh, \u0111\u1ec3 qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u201cl\u00e0m tr\u1eafng\u201d c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. Khi n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd tranh n\u00e0o (v\u1ebd kh\u00f4, v\u1ebd b\u00e1n kh\u00f4, b\u00e1n \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng), d\u00f9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng k\u1ebdm, tr\u1eafng titan ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eafng k\u1ebdm-titan th\u00ec m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Do m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i d\u1ea7n \u00edt \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u1ecfng ra n\u00ean t\u00f4ng x\u00e1m sinh ra t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai m\u00e0u khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c tranh mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1ea5u x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed9n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u00e0u v\u1edbi nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i m\u1edf t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Rubens \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u ph\u00eda tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean m\u00e0u cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sau: sau khi l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4 r\u1ed3i h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng ngay khi ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0u \u01b0\u1edbt m\u1ecfng l\u00ean tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0u th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f9 ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 h\u00fat d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc \u201cb\u00e9o tr\u00ean g\u1ea7y\u201d (Fat Over Lean – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u00e0u tr\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u h\u01a1n l\u1edbp m\u00e0u d\u01b0\u1edbi). N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 trong khi v\u1ebd tranh m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u201cb\u00e9o\u201d h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4 nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t lanh, d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t \u00f3c ch\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0u khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd t\u1eeb l\u1edbp gi\u1eefa tr\u1edf \u0111i, \u1edf c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y l\u00e0m dung d\u1ecbch chu\u1ed1t m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda m\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00e1ng (b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch r\u1ed3i), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 \u201cb\u00e9o g\u1ea7y\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c tranh, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1ebd tranh th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u201cto\u00e0n b\u1ed9 – m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n – to\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u201d, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u1ee7 l\u00e1ng l\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu trong l\u00fac ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n l\u1edbp ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u thu\u1ea7n \u0111en ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ea7n tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd d\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f3. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 s\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee5c. Gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t hai l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng thu\u1ea7n, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0u ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay m\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd (trong l\u1edbp chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp) nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng khi v\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, tuy v\u1eady l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, v\u1eady n\u00ean n\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng gian, … (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n) th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00e0m l\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfp sau. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1edbm s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 v\u1ebd b\u1ea1c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tranh m\u00e0u b\u1ed9t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp b\u00ean tr\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i k\u00e9m trong su\u1ed1t khi v\u1ebd theo k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Caravaggio c\u1ee7a \u00dd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ecd v\u1ebd m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eadm khi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee5c, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u n\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng x\u00e1m r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 th\u00ec s\u1ebd trong h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang). Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m tinh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n \u0111en, tr\u1eafng x\u00e1m \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u00e0u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u1eeb phi ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u trong tranh d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc hay \u0111a s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng thu\u1ea7n s\u1eafc. V\u1eady x\u00e9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft trong tranh c\u1ee7a Leonardo da Vinci v\u00e0 Raphael \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thua k\u00e9m so v\u1edbi tranh c\u1ee7a Jan van Eyck v\u00e0 Rogier van der Weyden \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng b\u1eadc cao n\u00ean h\u1ecda ph\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

\u2014 Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean ti\u1ec7n tra c\u1ee9u:<\/p>\n

(*) K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u2018s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp\u2019 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u2018h\u00f2a s\u1eafc quang h\u1ecdc\u2019. (Trong nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Trung t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u5149\u5b78\u7070). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u. Sau khi v\u1ebd l\u00f3t \u0111\u01a1n s\u1eafc, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee5c, b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ee5c, b\u00e1n trong v\u00e0 trong s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee7 t\u1eebng l\u1edbp l\u00ean l\u1edbp v\u1ebd l\u00f3t, l\u1edbp b\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean l\u1edbp b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi khi l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4 theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201cb\u00e9o tr\u00ean g\u1ea7y\u201d, \u201cd\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ecfng\u201d, \u201cl\u00e2u kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean nhanh kh\u00f4\u201d. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 ph\u00e1p s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp, sau khi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00f4 \u0111i, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o xuy\u00ean qua c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u trong ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n trong b\u00ean tr\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u00e1n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u1edf l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee5c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00f2a s\u1eafc quang h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian ba chi\u1ec1u. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u2018b\u1ee5i quang h\u1ecdc\u2019 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qua vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u00e0u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng palette. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt h\u00f2a s\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/49620<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] \u201cSvelature, trenta o quaranta!\u201d (M\u00e0u trong su\u1ed1t, 30-40 l\u1edbp!) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u c\u1ea3m th\u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Titian. 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