{"id":35034,"date":"2024-11-23T09:50:26","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T02:50:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=35034"},"modified":"2025-05-29T23:55:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T16:55:33","slug":"hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-8-nghien-cuu-ky-phap-ve-tranh-son-dau-truyen-thong-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/11\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-8-nghien-cuu-ky-phap-ve-tranh-son-dau-truyen-thong-1.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (8): Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

Tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t lanh ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t \u00f3c ch\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u r\u1ed3i v\u1ebd l\u00ean v\u1ea3i (canvas) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u sau khi kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c m\u00e0u khi pha tr\u1ed9n nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecda s\u1ef9\u00a0v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u00e0u v\u1edbi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi tranh v\u1ebd d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 che ph\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec khi v\u1ebd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 t\u1eebng l\u1edbp t\u1eeb t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng, mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn hay c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed thi, nh\u1edd th\u00ea tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n acrylic, nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 v\u1ebd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u, h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 t\u1ea9y x\u00f3a ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 than th\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4 m\u00e0u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, sau c\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u d\u1ea7u trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp m\u00e0u v\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen v\u1eeba l\u00ean m\u00e0u v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i trong tranh linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ee9c tranh sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c tranh, \u00edt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng m\u1ecbn trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c trong c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf v.v., t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c tranh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, nh\u00ecn chung k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn, th\u1eddi gian v\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng h\u01a1n (nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ebd tranh).<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 th\u00edch v\u1ebd ph\u1ee7 t\u1eebng l\u1edbp m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i l\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n canvas \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n m\u00e0u s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u1ebd theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y, s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi l\u00ean m\u00e0u v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c. Khi d\u00f9ng b\u00fat ch\u00ec ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebd n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb che \u0111i n\u1ebfu l\u1edbp m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 than th\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng v\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed9t than th\u1eeba th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng che ph\u1ee7 \u0111i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0u m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do, linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u00f3 h\u1eb9p trong c\u00e1i khung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt quang minh m\u1ef9 h\u1ea3o, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00ec ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ee9c \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ed3ng trinh v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa h\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Anne\u201d (The Virgin and Child with St. Anne) c\u1ee7a Leonardo da Vinci.<\/i><\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00e0u s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn, gi\u00fap cho \u0111\u1ed9 trong t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi s\u01a1n m\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng che ph\u1ee7 k\u00e9m xa so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u do ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u1ee9c tranh mu\u1ed1n s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 \u0111i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd m\u00e0u c\u1ef1c d\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng dao v\u1ebd (Impasto), d\u00f9ng dao ph\u1ebft d\u00e0y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0u l\u00ean tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u00e0y n\u1eb7ng cho tranh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tranh. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ee9t nh\u01b0 mai r\u00f9a, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng c\u00f9ng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u1ecd v\u1ebd th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh trang tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh v.v. th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdc l\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0u c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh trang tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u1ebd m\u00e0u b\u1ed9t r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u1ebd m\u00e0u b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u che l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0u b\u1ed9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 pha b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u n\u00e0y. Ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0u b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn l\u00fac \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 l\u00fac kh\u00f4, v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ecd m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1n m\u00e0u b\u1ed9t, n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec sau khi \u0111i xong n\u00e9t c\u1ecd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ee7 n\u00e9t th\u1ee9 hai l\u00ean tr\u00ean n\u00e9t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e9t c\u1ecd th\u1ee9 hai s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ebfm khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u1eeb khi t\u00f4 qua qu\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u00e0u d\u1ea7u trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp kh\u00f4, m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a n\u00e9t c\u1ecd th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a n\u00e9t c\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ngay b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, tr\u1eeb khi v\u1ebd xong l\u1edbp m\u00e0u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t, hai ng\u00e0y cho kh\u00f4 m\u1edbi v\u1ebd l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, khi c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u tinh khi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e0 v\u1ebd d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee5c, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tinh khi\u1ebft tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00ec r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c (ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o \u0111i, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0u tinh khi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4 r\u1ed3i s\u01a1n l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c\u2026). V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m x\u00e1m b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ebd tranh \u0111en tr\u1eafng, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0u l\u00ean tr\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u1eebng n\u00e9t t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cl\u00e0m x\u00e1m b\u1ee9c tranh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eadm\u201d th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, b\u1ee9c tranh l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c tranh th\u00e0nh x\u00e1m \u0111i. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0\u1edbt, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho b\u1ee9c tranh ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai l\u1edbp m\u00e0u, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m canvas t\u1eeb tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c bao qu\u00e1t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u1ef9, t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd th\u00ec khi v\u1ebd s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng \u00edt m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i, c\u00e0ng \u00edt ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00ec s\u1ebd v\u1ebd c\u00e0ng nhanh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ebd tranh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u1ede nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay, th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho sinh vi\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u201cm\u00e1nh kh\u00f3e\u201d, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t c\u1ecd l\u1edbn trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn v\u1ebd chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

Xem th\u00eam: https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2023\/11\/thoi-dai-ma-tinh-than-va-ky-phap-ve-tranh-son-dau-co-dien-bi-mai-mot.html<\/a><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/49543<\/a><\/p>\n

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