{"id":34128,"date":"2024-09-13T10:53:34","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T03:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=34128"},"modified":"2025-05-29T23:56:06","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T16:56:06","slug":"hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (5.2): L\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

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\u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d. Tranh b\u00edch h\u1ecda (1370 x 1220 cm) do ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Michelangelo s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1534 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1541, Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Sistine, Vatican.<\/i><\/p>\n

Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau khi b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Sistine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Paul III, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n cho Michelangelo v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0n th\u1edd. Michelangelo ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Th\u1ea7n, do \u00edch k\u1ef7, tham lam, th\u1edd \u01a1, gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u xa kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u n\u1eb7ng, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5ng Th\u1ea7n linh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1edd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t th\u1ebf h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong tranh khi ng\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean, Michelangelo \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1edf n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean trong b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c khi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng khi \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f3ng to ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vai, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n khi ng\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00ecn, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb xa g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Do b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng 400 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, Michelangelo \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc giao nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a phong c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng. Trong tranh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e0ng l\u00ean cao \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa b\u00ean tr\u00e1i th\u0103ng l\u00ean Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. B\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sa ng\u00e3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t – ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

Trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn, t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m t\u1eebng \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong tranh, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong tranh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf, sau \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eebng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1ebd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tranh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn khi c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 sau khi kh\u00f4, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi v\u1ebd tranh b\u00edch h\u1ecda ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd th\u1eadt nhanh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n sinh ra l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Michelangelo kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0u b\u1ed9t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u00e0u trong b\u1ee9c b\u00edch h\u1ecda, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u1ed9 ra nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ed5 l\u1edbn d\u00e0i 12 m\u00e9t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Michelangelo \u1edf \u00dd, \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Danube n\u1eafm v\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, Albrecht Altdorfer – h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd ng\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u1ea1n m\u00e3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng ch\u1eebng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

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\u201cTr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Alexander\u201d (La Bataille d’Alexandre) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1edfi Albrecht Altdorfer n\u0103m 1529, 158,4 \u00d7 120 cm, hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Munich, \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda khung c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 333 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u01a1n 20 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Ba T\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Issus v\u00e0 truy l\u00f9ng vua Ba T\u01b0 Darius III. (Alexander \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 Alexander III, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Macedon th\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng l\u1ea5y Macedonia l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c gia trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh bang c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c Ba T\u01b0, Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00e1c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh 13 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft\u201d (The known world), \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed).<\/p>\n

B\u1ee9c h\u1ecda chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Altdorfer d\u00f9ng ng\u00f2i b\u00fat tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch b\u00e0i binh b\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a binh s\u1ef9 hai b\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 binh ph\u00e1p. Vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn m\u00e3 tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, b\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n phong c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh \u201cTr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Alexander\u201d, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u1edf ph\u1ea7n xa c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat ph\u00e1p tinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t.<\/i><\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh \u201cTr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Alexander\u201d, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh vua Ba T\u01b0 Darius III b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/i><\/p>\n

Sau tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng n\u00e0y, Alexander 24 tu\u1ed5i thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm Ai C\u1eadp. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 331 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn mang t\u00ednh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Gaugamela, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Ba T\u01b0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Alexander d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Babylon v\u00e0 hai th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ba T\u01b0 l\u00e0 Susa v\u00e0 Persepolis. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng vua Ba T\u01b0 Darius III \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng Alexander, s\u0129 quan Ba \u200b\u200bT\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1m s\u00e1t Darius III. N\u0103m 330 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Alexander \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb Darius v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng ta. Sau ba n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Alexander \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Iran.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1edbi b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y, Altdorfer nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u00e2m nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i phi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 cho lo\u1ea1i tranh \u201cn\u1ed9i dung c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn trong k\u00edch c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf\u201d, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu k\u00edch c\u1ee1 tranh nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong, th\u00ec h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd. Do v\u1eady, khi v\u1ebd tranh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5m nh\u1ecf li ti, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n kinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, v\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang ng\u00f2i b\u00fat. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem khi xem c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111eo k\u00ednh, ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecda s\u1ef9 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u1ea7n th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt trong tranh. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u1eabn c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n tr\u00ean y ph\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf, v.v. m\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1edf n\u00ean phong ph\u00fa; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c tranh tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng tinh m\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng trau chu\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00ed th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t gian kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb3ng b\u00f9 cho c\u00e1i m\u1ea5t, th\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc. Suy cho c\u00f9ng, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1ed1n d\u0129 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. H\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u to l\u1edbn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, nh\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ed hon. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/49540<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d. Tranh b\u00edch h\u1ecda (1370 x 1220 cm) do ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Michelangelo s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1534 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1541, Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Sistine, Vatican. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau khi b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Sistine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Paul III, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[551,304],"tags":[486],"class_list":["post-34128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-hoa","category-loat-bai","tag-hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (5.2): L\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (5.2): L\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ChanhKien.org] \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d. 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Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m sau khi b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n Sistine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Paul III, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-09-13T03:53:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-29T16:56:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2007_11_25_art24-image.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"editor_n\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"editor_n\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"editor_n\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d39853a2b0e6235cdad43189e4cbd085\"},\"headline\":\"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (5.2): L\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-13T03:53:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-29T16:56:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html\"},\"wordCount\":2680,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2007_11_25_art24-image.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\"],\"articleSection\":[\"H\u1ed9i h\u1ecda\",\"Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i (Series)\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/09\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-52-lon-va-nho.html\",\"name\":\"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (5.2): L\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf - 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