{"id":33874,"date":"2024-08-21T11:04:15","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T04:04:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=33874"},"modified":"2025-05-29T23:56:41","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T16:56:41","slug":"hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-3-bong-toi-va-anh-sang-anh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/08\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-3-bong-toi-va-anh-sang-anh.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (3): B\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (\u1ea2nh)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linh h\u1ed3n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng cam ch\u1ecbu gi\u1eb1ng x\u00e9 trong s\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y t\u0103m t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1edd b\u00ean kia \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n ng\u00e2n vang kh\u00fac th\u00e1nh ca hy v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u00e0n \u0111\u00eam t\u0103m t\u1ed1i, s\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p thu\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n b\u1ea9m sinh trong b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. D\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c tranh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i quy lu\u1eadt c\u0169 x\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phong c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u00f4ng sang tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu v\u00ec m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1edb theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c sang tr\u1ecdng trong tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u m\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh truy c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111i ch\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. B\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111en t\u1ed1i, suy \u0111\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi tranh b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u \u00edt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u, n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00ec m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1ecb b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 coi th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1i khung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1 s\u0129. Khi m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec c\u00f2n th\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c anh \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9? Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c trung b\u00ecnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n s\u1ebd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1n \u0111en ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u, n\u1ebfu b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u00e2m u th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tranh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v.v.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c trong quang ph\u1ed5 m\u00e0u. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eadm l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n th\u00ec m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u. V\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u00e0u \u0111en l\u00e0m m\u00e0u n\u1ec1n cho m\u1ecdi b\u1ee9c tranh.<\/p>\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 cao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u k\u1ecbch. C\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ebd tranh k\u1ecbch t\u00ednh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Caravaggio, Rembrandt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho \u201cH\u1ecda ph\u00e1i u \u00e1m\u201d (Tenebrism) n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, phong c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd tranh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, n\u00ean m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u0169ng mang theo nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ch\u1ee7 quan m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Caravaggio t\u1eebng gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, b\u1ecb ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng tr\u00f3i th\u00e2n, s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y, \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 37 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Rembrandt, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn suy b\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e3o gi\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103m h\u1ecfi, phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m bi th\u1ea3m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng v\u1ebd tranh m\u00e0u \u0111en nh\u1eb1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan Rembrandt van Rijn n\u0103m 1633. L\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, gia c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, n\u00e9t v\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, vui t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre \u1edf Ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/p>\n

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B\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n dung t\u1ef1 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 Rembrandt van Rijn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1660. L\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, tuy nhi\u00ean do th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, gia c\u1ea3nh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed1n, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u01a1n m\u1ecbn t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf u \u00e1m, th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00eau b\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecda s\u0129 l\u00fac n\u00e0y. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre Ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111en th\u00ec m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi m\u00e0u da c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y, khi\u1ebfn l\u00e0n da c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u1ea5y tr\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n quang. V\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean da n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a da, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c tranh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, trang ph\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

B\u1ee9c tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u “Mona Lisa” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecda s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Leonardo da Vinci v\u1ebd \u1edf Florence trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1503 \u0111\u1ebfn 1506. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef trong tranh m\u1eb7c trang ph\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1edbi l\u00e0n da tr\u1eafng s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1c. Trang ph\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i m\u00e0u c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00f3ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mang thi\u1ec7n \u00fd. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre, Paris.<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng m\u00e0u \u0111en l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, n\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u \u0111en m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, th\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng tr\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n nh\u1edd t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n trong b\u1ee9c tranh, th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Suy cho c\u00f9ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00f9 m\u00e0u, n\u00ean d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1eeb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng khung con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0u s\u1eafc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy ngh\u0129 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 “\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, kia l\u00e0 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, kia l\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh lam”, v.v.., trong khi m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 n\u1eeda ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i n\u00e0y “t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf”, c\u00e1i kia “t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u00e0u h\u01a1i v\u00e0ng x\u00e1m”, v.v.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u, t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n gi\u1eefa l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i l\u00e0m b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m\u201d l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c tranh c\u00f3 t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng trung b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1edf t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u cao m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt gia l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 m\u1ef9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do Th\u1ea7n ban t\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/49537<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] Linh h\u1ed3n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng cam ch\u1ecbu gi\u1eb1ng x\u00e9 trong s\u00ecnh l\u1ea7y t\u0103m t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1edd b\u00ean kia \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n ng\u00e2n vang kh\u00fac th\u00e1nh ca hy v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. 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