{"id":33288,"date":"2024-06-07T07:03:59","date_gmt":"2024-06-07T00:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=33288"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:17:46","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:17:46","slug":"nghien-cuu-tap-trung-cao-do-co-loi-doi-voi-suc-khoe-tam-ly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/06\/nghien-cuu-tap-trung-cao-do-co-loi-doi-voi-suc-khoe-tam-ly.html","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: T\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m l\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5,… v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a? C\u00f3 chuy\u00ean gia n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m, th\u00ec t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean trang Conversation c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Miriam Mosing, ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Karolinska Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” (flow) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Mih\u00e1ly Cs\u00edkszentmih\u00e1lyi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Mosing cho bi\u1ebft, khi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cd\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y\u201d, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Mosing. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do b\u00e0 Mosing v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u201ctr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y\u201d \u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 gen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/b><\/p>\n

Mosing cho bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tim m\u1ea1ch kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c do tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (causal effects) c\u1ee7a “tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ee1 m\u1eabu kh\u00e1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” v\u00e0 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 Mosing n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u1ed1ng nhau, bao g\u1ed3m khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng di truy\u1ec1n (genetic predisposition) ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (neuroticism). Nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m cao d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y do b\u00e0 Mosing tham gia \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t xem li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 gen ho\u1eb7c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00fac nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xem x\u00e9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00edt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n “tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” h\u01a1n hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a 9.300 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u1edf Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cd\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y\u201d \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m, lo \u00e2u, ch\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tim m\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cd\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y\u201d c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tim m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u1ec7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u00ean luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 lo \u00e2u hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Mosing l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. B\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, b\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y”, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u00edt d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m “d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y” c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0 n\u00f3i: “V\u1eady n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00edch l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t cho b\u1ea1n, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/290705<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5,… v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a? 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