{"id":33160,"date":"2024-05-15T10:36:24","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T03:36:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=33160"},"modified":"2025-05-29T23:56:51","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T16:56:51","slug":"hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-2-cua-so","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/05\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-2-cua-so.html","title":{"rendered":"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (2): C\u1eeda s\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i phong c\u1ea7m trang tr\u1ecdng du d\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111en c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc chi\u1ebfu qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m k\u00ednh m\u00e0u tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t thanh hi\u1ebfm hoi trong giai \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m \u0111en t\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

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\u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p v\u01b0\u01a1ng cung th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh Magdalene \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i ngay c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e8n pha c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00f4 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u1ecf trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, khi ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng ki\u1ec3u La M\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 phong c\u00e1ch C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng, La M\u00e3, Byzantine lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c mang t\u00ean \u201cGothic\u201d l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng theo phong c\u00e1ch La M\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng d\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. Theo phong c\u00e1ch Gothic, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra xung quanh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac trong su\u1ed1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. K\u00ednh m\u00e0u trang tr\u00ed c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o, xuy\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng \u00f4 c\u1eeda s\u1eafc m\u00e0u chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00e1nh khi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, k\u00ednh m\u00e0u trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Gothic ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu, Th\u00e1nh Maria, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ho\u00e0ng gia; ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh ho\u1ea1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n theo ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong Kinh th\u00e1nh. M\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

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C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 hoa h\u1ed3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 Paris (Cath\u00e9drale Notre-Dame de Paris), m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 theo ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac Gothic th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1163 – 1250.<\/i><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ed3ng trong khung, ph\u00eda sau ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfu qua k\u00ednh m\u00e0u t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau b\u1ee9c tranh k\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0i cm th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ee9c tranh k\u00ednh m\u00e0u “Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn cho nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Rouen” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Rouen, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1540, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng cao m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p b\u00ean trong b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. (\u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p\/L\u00fd M\u1ee5c)<\/i><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a trang tr\u00ed xong th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gothic r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m tranh k\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m xong n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch k\u00ednh t\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u00edt v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch k\u00ednh tr\u1eafng trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nh\u1ea1t n\u00ean t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 tranh k\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o trong ph\u00f2ng tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 khi tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u1eafng gay g\u1eaft th\u00ec nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u1edf b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Louvre. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y, khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c tranh k\u00ednh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trung b\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ecbu nh\u1eb9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c tranh k\u00ednh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tranh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tranh k\u00ednh c\u0169 qua n\u0103m th\u00e1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh k\u00ednh c\u0169 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tranh ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ra sao. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u00e2m tr\u1ea7m, u \u00e1m, tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 t\u0103m t\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i n\u1eafng gay g\u1eaft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp lu\u00f4n khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui t\u01b0\u01a1i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p. S\u1ef1 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ti\u00ean thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p trong m\u1ecdi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200btr\u00fac n\u00e0o, cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v.v., \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 k\u00ednh m\u00e0u v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u00ednh m\u00e0u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh trang tr\u00ed khung vi\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed k\u00ednh m\u00e0u l\u00e0m khung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho k\u00ednh trong su\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i trong su\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh trong su\u1ed1t m\u00e0u nh\u1ea1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, quang h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng gi\u1eefa b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, quy lu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, t\u1ea3n x\u1ea1, kh\u00fac x\u1ea1, ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3,\u2026 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng th\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, chi\u1ec1u cao, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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Nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n trong Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Versailles \u1edf Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Baroque. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed song song v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u00f2a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ban ng\u00e0y v\u00e0o s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng lo\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 kh\u1ecfi t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u00e2m tr\u1ea7m, u \u00e1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n nh\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/i><\/p>\n

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Ph\u00f2ng G\u01b0\u01a1ng trong Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Versailles, Ph\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 cao b\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed song song m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfu th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u00f3c ng\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 giao h\u00f2a, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200btr\u00fac th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. (Fran\u00e7ois GUILLOT\/AFP\/Getty Images)<\/i><\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ngay c\u1ea3 v\u00e0o ban ng\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng do ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb m\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean do \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a ban t\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c 24 gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, trong n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay, quang h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/49536<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] Trong ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i phong c\u1ea7m trang tr\u1ecdng du d\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111en c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc chi\u1ebfu qua nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1ea3m k\u00ednh m\u00e0u tr\u00ean c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t thanh hi\u1ebfm hoi trong […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[551,304],"tags":[486],"class_list":["post-33160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-hoa","category-loat-bai","tag-hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nH\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (2): C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2024\/05\/hanh-trinh-thoi-khong-nghe-thuat-2-cua-so.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt (2): C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ChanhKien.org] Trong ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i phong c\u1ea7m trang tr\u1ecdng du d\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111en c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. 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