[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00c2m: \u597d, ph\u00e1t \u00e2m gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef \u865f (pinyin: h\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng). Thanh kh\u1ee9 (thanh 4), \u00e2m tr\u1eafc. \u597d l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u0111a \u00e2m, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
H\u00ecnh: k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u1eef (\u5973), b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef T\u1eed (\u5b50).<\/p>\n
\u00dd: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v.v, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khen ng\u1ee3i, tr\u00e1i ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi x\u00fa (\u4e11, x\u1ea5u), sai (\u5dee, k\u00e9m), ho\u1ea1i (\u58de, h\u01b0).<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1eef\u201d, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i. Ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam. M\u1ed9t nam m\u1ed9t n\u1eef k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1eef\u201d b\u00ean tr\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t (h\u1ea3o) kh\u00f4ng? Con ch\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p (h\u1ea3o) kh\u00f4ng? Khu r\u1eebng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t (h\u1ea3o) kh\u00f4ng? Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t (h\u1ea3o) kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t (h\u1ea3o) kh\u00f4ng? Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p (h\u1ea3o) kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t (h\u1ea3o) kh\u00f4ng? v.v. Ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb h\u1ea3o (\u597d) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, \u00f4n h\u00f2a nhu thu\u1eadn, hi\u1ec1n th\u1ee5c, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, hi\u1ec1n h\u1eadu thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, tinh \u00fd. Xinh x\u1eafn, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, dung nhan ki\u1ec1u di\u1ec5m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec1n th\u1ee5c, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t, tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, tinh \u00fd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, b\u00ean trong, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1eef\u201d b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d (\u597d), n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, c\u1eadu b\u00e9, \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi sau, c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (th\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3i h\u1eadu).<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p b\u00ean trong, dung h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cth\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3i h\u1eadu\u201d.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay, \u201cY\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u1ee5c n\u1eef, qu\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ea3o c\u1ea7u\u201d (\u00fd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai t\u1ed1t lu\u00f4n mong t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, \u0111oan trang l\u00e0m v\u1ee3). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cn\u1eef\u201d th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111oan trang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u201cth\u1eeba ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ea3i h\u1eadu\u201d l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d. S\u1ef1 \u01b0u t\u00fa c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. D\u00f9 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba th\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng lo\u00e0i l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec? Ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i, ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d (\u5b50) chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a coi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1eddi sau l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang sai, e r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f3 tin.<\/p>\n
Ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u1eeb \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d thanh 3 t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u00fd bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam n\u1eefa r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m. Cho d\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn th\u00ec ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u t\u00fa v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 c\u0169, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u1eb1ng m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc hay sao?<\/p>\n
Ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i di\u1ec5m l\u1ec7, kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, \u0111oan ch\u00ednh, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, hi\u1ec1n th\u1ee5c, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng; \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eed t\u1ebf, thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, tinh \u00fd, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh con, d\u1ea1y con, n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00ean t\u00e2m m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, t\u00e2m an y\u00ean, s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con ch\u00e1u n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, \u0103n m\u1eb7c l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i. L\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m? S\u1ed1ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ch\u00e1u th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eed tuy\u1ec7t t\u00f4n? \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3ng: \u201cB\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu h\u1eefu tam, v\u00f4 h\u1eadu vi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (\u00fd n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ba t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t). X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 con ch\u00e1u n\u1ed1i d\u00f5i, \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sinh s\u00f4i, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi sau. H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n m\u1eb7t m\u0169i m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khinh b\u1ec9? C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3 con m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y? N\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i lo l\u1eafng. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ch\u00e1u th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i n\u00f3i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1eddi sau? Ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft vinh hoa ph\u00fa qu\u00fd \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian, ki\u1ebfp sau th\u00ec sao? Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfp sau ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n cao ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng? C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n sao? M\u1ed9t gia t\u1ed9c tu \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u0103m n\u0103m, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ng\u00e0n n\u0103m. Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0110\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n sao?<\/p>\n
L\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng? X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n sinh s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y an t\u00e2m, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n gh\u00ea g\u1edbm, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, m\u1ea5y n\u0103m l\u1ea1i r\u1ed1i ren m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i n\u0103m, sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
V\u0169 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng? Khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n
Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 ai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p? T\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt t\u1ed1t, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1t, gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t hay sao? Tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00ec t\u00ecm ngo\u00e0i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; nh\u00e2n gian t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u00ec t\u00ecm tr\u00ean thi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n Ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p sao? Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1t? M\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng n\u00f3i m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00fang, con d\u00e2u n\u00f3i con d\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang, tranh c\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. Bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m qua r\u1ed3i, bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u00e0n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef “h\u1ea3o” (\u597d), ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong sao? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1eef H\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, xuy\u00ean vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian, vi\u00ean dung tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n gian m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef H\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y??<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam, \u201ch\u1ea3o\u201d (\u597d) trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 \u201cgood\u201d. Ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201cgood\u201d l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00e0ng h\u00f3a\u201d, \u201cv\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m\u201d. Xem \u201ch\u00e0ng h\u00f3a\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 \u201cgood\u201d g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u201cGod\u201d, \u201cGod\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n. T\u1eeb \u201cgood\u201d (t\u1ed1t) trong ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 \u201ch\u00e0ng h\u00f3a\u201d c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t th\u1eadt s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb ham mu\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n