[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n Ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Ch\u00fa \u00e2m<\/b><\/p>\n
\u6d2a(\u310f\u3128\u3125\u02ca) \u8352(\u310f\u3128\u3124) \u4e4b(\u3113) \u4e16(\u3115\u02cb)\uff0c \u91ce(\u3127\u311d\u02c7) \u5904(\u3114\u3128\u02cb) \u7a74(\u3112\u3129\u311d\u02ca) \u5c45(\u3110\u3129)\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u6709(\u3127\u3121\u02c7) \u5de2(\u3114\u3120\u02ca) \u4ee5(\u3127\u02c7) \u5f8c(\u310f\u3121\u02cb)\uff0c \u4e0a(\u3115\u3124\u02cb) \u68df(\u3109\u3128\u3125\u02cb) \u4e0b(\u3112\u3127\u311a\u02cb) \u5b87(\u3129\u02c7)\u3002<\/p>\n
B\u00ednh \u00e2m<\/b><\/p>\n
\u6d2a(H\u00f3ng) \u8352(hu\u0101ng) \u4e4b(zh\u012b) \u4e16(sh\u00ec)\uff0c \u91ce(y\u011b) \u5904(ch\u00f9) \u7a74(xu\u00e9) \u5c45(j\u016b)\uff1b<\/p>\n
\u6709(y\u01d2u) \u5de2(ch\u00e1o) \u4ee5(y\u01d0) \u540e(h\u00f2u)\uff0c \u4e0a(sh\u00e0ng) \u680b(d\u00f2ng) \u4e0b(xi\u00e0) \u5b87(y\u01d4)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00c2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t<\/b><\/p>\n
H\u1ed3ng hoang chi th\u1ebf, d\u00e3 x\u1eed huy\u1ec7t c\u01b0;<\/p>\n
H\u1eefu S\u00e0o d\u0129 h\u1eadu, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 v\u0169.<\/p>\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb ng\u1eef:<\/b><\/p>\n
(1) \u6d2a\u8352 (H\u1ed3ng hoang): Ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 ch\u01b0a khai h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
(2) \u4e16 (Th\u1ebf): Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
(3) \u91ce (D\u00e3): Hoang d\u00e3.<\/p>\n
(4) \u8655 (X\u1ee9): Nh\u00e0, n\u01a1i \u1edf, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf.<\/p>\n
(5) \u7a74 (Huy\u1ec7t): Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
(6) \u6709\u5de2 (H\u1eefu S\u00e0o): T\u1ee9c H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u00e0 \u1edf.<\/p>\n
(7) \u680b (\u0110\u1ed1ng): x\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean n\u00f3c nh\u00e0, \u0111\u00f2n d\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
(8) \u5b87 (V\u0169): M\u00e1i hi\u00ean nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n
B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch tham kh\u1ea3o<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u00e0o th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a ch\u01b0a khai h\u00f3a, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng; t\u1eeb sau khi H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb ph\u00e1t minh ra nh\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e1i hi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che m\u01b0a che gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn b\u00fat<\/b><\/p>\n
H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i b\u00e1n Th\u1ea7n tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTam Ho\u00e0ng” (hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i trong \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng Tam Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e0 To\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n th\u1ecb, Ph\u1ee5c Hy th\u1ecb v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng th\u1ecb). Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ebf Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean Thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1ng sinh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb tai \u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i. Cho n\u00ean, \u0110\u1ebf Ho\u00e0ng khi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i v\u00f4 tri h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n minh, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf m\u1edf ra v\u00f2ng 5.000 n\u0103m nh\u00e2n v\u0103n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Tam Ho\u00e0ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 n\u0103m v\u1ecb b\u00e1n Th\u1ea7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb, To\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n th\u1ecb, Ph\u1ee5c Hy th\u1ecb, N\u1eef Oa th\u1ecb v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng th\u1ecb. V\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
\u201cTh\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0 T\u00f4n X\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cTh\u1ecb\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n Th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1ng sinh xu\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n gian, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a b\u00e1n Th\u1ea7n, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ee5c Hy th\u1ecb, Th\u1ea7n N\u00f4ng th\u1ecb, v.v. V\u1eady n\u00ean, H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n. H\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecb” (\u6c0f), tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cqu\u00fd t\u1ed9c” s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c gia t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u theo nhau b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea5y \u201cth\u1ecb” (\u6c0f) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi; nh\u01b0ng \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d (\u59d3: h\u1ecd) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d, \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb “h\u1ecd\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 truy\u1ec1n lo\u1ea1i trong h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1eabu h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n, cho n\u00ean do \u201c\u5973: n\u1eef\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u751f: sinh” t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, v\u1ec1 sau, \u201c\u6c0f: th\u1ecb” v\u00e0 \u201c\u59d3: t\u00ednh” h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t, g\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd (t\u00ednh th\u1ecb hay th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c), bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0, t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 danh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u1eadu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n t\u00ednh (\u59d3: h\u1ecd) l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 (m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ea1n th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t h\u1ec7”), nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 10 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng s\u00f9ng Th\u1ea7n, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ea7n t\u1ed9c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khai s\u00e1ng v\u0103n minh trong truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i th\u1eddi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecb”.<\/p>\n
H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y nh\u00e0<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5 Tam Ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 10 k\u1ef7, H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb b\u00e1n Th\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u1edf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10. Trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 \u201c\u0110\u1ed9n gi\u00e1p khai s\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3” k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5, H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb l\u00e0m vua t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea1ch L\u00e2u S\u01a1n \u1edf Lang Gia (ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ch\u01b0 Th\u00e0nh, t\u1ec9nh S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng ng\u00e0y nay), th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Trong \u201cTh\u00f4ng ch\u00ed – Tam Ho\u00e0ng k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t\u201d n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba h\u01a1n 100 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. M\u00e0 h\u01a1n 100 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u1edf, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u1edf\u201d trong 4 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sinh t\u1ed3n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, \u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1i; \u0111\u00e3 khai s\u00e1ng c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n
Theo “S\u01a1n H\u1ea3i Kinh”, Ph\u1eadt kinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi vi\u1ec5n c\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n linh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i l\u00e0 Ti\u00ean c\u1ea7m Th\u1ea7n th\u00fa, k\u1ef3 hoa d\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 \u01b0u v\u00f4 lo, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u1ecda, tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00e1m l\u1ee3i \u0111en l\u00f2ng, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng x\u1ea5u \u0111i, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Th\u1ea7n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Th\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ea5t \u0111i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, n\u00ean n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c sinh t\u1ed3n c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i d\u00e3 th\u00fa.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3 th\u00fa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0m b\u00e1n Th\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5 chim, d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u1ef1ng g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che m\u01b0a ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3, tr\u00e1nh xa kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e3 th\u00fa, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nguy c\u01a1 sinh t\u1ed3n. B\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m k\u00edch \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, b\u00e8n ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vua. T\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb”, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cS\u00e0o Ho\u00e0ng”.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng \u1ed1c ch\u00ednh quy \u201ctr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u00e1i hi\u00ean\u201d, trong 5.000 n\u0103m v\u0103n ho\u00e1, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
K\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/b><\/p>\n
H\u1eefu S\u00e0o th\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra s\u00e0o c\u01b0 (nh\u00e0 \u1edf h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 chim) trong Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y g\u1ed7 d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3 th\u00fa, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u1edf trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng sang l\u00e0m nh\u00e0. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 che m\u01b0a che gi\u00f3, c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n: n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng, th\u00e2n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u00e0. M\u00f3ng nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i do \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u00f3ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, s\u01a1n m\u00e0u, ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, ng\u00f3i l\u01b0u ly, ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1, v.v., \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed. Do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7, c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd hoa v\u0103n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t, m\u00e1i hi\u00ean, v\u00f2m, h\u00e0nh lang… kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a tranh v\u1ebd, hoa v\u0103n \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc bao g\u1ed3m s\u01a1n thu\u1ef7 chim mu\u00f4ng hoa l\u00e1, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, phong c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c, v.v., kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trang tr\u00ed cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa s\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00e2n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i do l\u1edbp l\u1edbp s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, l\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh nam ch\u00ednh b\u1eafc l\u00e0m tr\u1ee5c trung t\u00e2m, ph\u00f2ng \u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo quy lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i, gi\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1ch. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 \u1edf cho \u0111\u1ebfn cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau. T\u1ecda b\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u nam (t\u1ef1a l\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc ngo\u1ea3nh m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng nam) l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00ednh ph\u00f2ng\u201d (nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh) n\u01a1i gia ch\u1ee7 \u1edf. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf s\u00e2n ph\u00eda sau; ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cs\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f2ng\u201d (nh\u00e0 ngang) n\u01a1i h\u1eadu b\u1ed1i \u1edf. C\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ee9 h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7n”, tu\u1ef3 theo di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ee9 h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee9 h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7n hay tam h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7n. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gia t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n
\u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n Kh\u00e1ch Gia (ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1eb9). C\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 bao quanh, b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u00e1ch Gia, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ecda b\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng nam, d\u00f9ng x\u00e0 g\u1ed7 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, l\u1ea5y g\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng; l\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, d\u00f9ng r\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9t ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed n\u00f3c nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u00e1i hi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u00e1ch Gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nho gi\u00e1o, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u00f4n ti tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, cho n\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nho gia v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 bao quanh kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean quy m\u00f4 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c c\u00f2n x\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean chung.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, coi tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf, tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u201cthi\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t”, khi\u1ebfn cho v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
(Ghi ch\u00fa: Ph\u1ecfng theo s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u201c\u1ea4u h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ef3nh L\u00e2m\u201d c\u1ee7a Zhengjian.org)<\/p>\n