{"id":28993,"date":"2022-08-18T14:41:55","date_gmt":"2022-08-18T07:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=28993"},"modified":"2023-05-14T12:45:21","modified_gmt":"2023-05-14T05:45:21","slug":"thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n (13): Chinh ph\u1ee5c Caucasus v\u00e0 Nam Nga \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-3.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28994\" src=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-3.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-3.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-3-300x200.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><em>Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1222, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3i s\u01b0. (H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh do Epoch Times ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1222, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Amu Darya, \u0111\u00f3ng doanh tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh T\u00e1t M\u00e3 Nh\u0129 H\u00e3n, th\u00e1ng 10 h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3i s\u01b0, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh \u0111i th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Bukhara (thu\u1ed9c Uzbekistan ng\u00e0y nay).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1223, t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Tashkent c\u1ee7a Uzbekistan ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1ch Bukhara h\u01a1n 600 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n c\u1eed h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i s\u0103n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Kyrgyzstan ng\u00e0y nay, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u1edf th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean S\u1edf H\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3ng su\u1ed1t m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1224, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ea1ch H\u00e0 (s\u00f4ng Irtysh) tr\u00fa h\u1ea1 (s\u1ed1ng qua m\u00f9a h\u1ea1), th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m sau tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh cung Th\u1ed5 La H\u00e0 (s\u00f4ng Tuul, nay thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5). S\u1edf d\u0129 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nhanh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eadm, l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n c\u00f2n \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i \u0111ang th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 chinh chi\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u00c1-\u00c2u.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"Chinh_chien_tai_khu_vuc_phia_bac_cua_nam_day_nui_Caucasus_Kavkaz\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><b>Chinh chi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nam d\u00e3y n\u00fai Caucasus (Kavkaz)<\/b><\/p>\n<p>M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1220, khi Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n l\u1ec7nh cho Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i truy k\u00edch Ma Kha M\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Hoa L\u1ea1t T\u1eed M\u00f4, th\u00ec t\u1eebng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh trong 3 n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd t\u1eeb th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Kipchak tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Kipchak n\u1eb1m \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 du s\u00f4ng Volga. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u00c1 \u00c2u.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1edfi v\u1eady, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i sau khi \u0111u\u1ed5i Ma Kha M\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n Caspi v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9 c\u00f9ng th\u00ea t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam \u0111\u1ebfn Iraq, sau khi t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kh\u1ed1 M\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ha M\u00e3 \u0110an (nay thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c t\u00e2y Iran) th\u00ec d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea5t L\u00fd s\u0129 (Tabriz) c\u1ee7a Azerbaijan, Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Azerbaijan d\u00e2ng v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c xin h\u00f2a, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh \u1edf b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean Mugan thu\u1ed9c b\u1edd t\u00e2y bi\u1ec3n Caspi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1221, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Gruzia (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0 Georgia). N\u1eef\u00a0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng Gruzia v\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u1eddi gi\u00e1 r\u00e9t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng binh, cho n\u00ean ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Azerbaijan v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3 T\u1eadt Li\u1ec7t \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i Gruzia c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft Man v\u00e0 Kh\u00fac Nhi Th\u1eafc theo \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, b\u1edfi v\u1eady l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 li\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y hai b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ti\u00ean phong, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Gruzia, r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Tbilisi (nay l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Tbilisi c\u1ee7a Georgia). N\u1eef v\u01b0\u01a1ng Gruzia v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00eanh chi\u1ebfn. Hai \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 gh\u00ea g\u1edbm, v\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u00fang k\u1ebf \u201cD\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp\u201d c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng mai ph\u1ee5c, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t d\u1eabn binh di\u1ec7t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cu\u0303ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00eam n\u1eefa \u1edf Gruzia r\u1eebng c\u00e2y r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i li\u1ec1n quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea5t L\u00fd S\u0129, Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa d\u00e2ng l\u00ean v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p C\u00e1i (t\u1ee9c Maragheh thu\u1ed9c Azerbaijan), ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u00e0nh b\u1ecb h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1ng 3, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Baghdad, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn Ha M\u00e3 \u0110an, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t ba ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh. H\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c quay v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea5t L\u00fd S\u0129 c\u1ee7a Azerbaijan, Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ec ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, cho n\u00ean v\u01a1 v\u00e9t ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh T\u00e1t L\u1ea1p B\u1eb7c \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 (nay l\u00e0 Sarab thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f4ng Azerbaijan, Iran).<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1ng 10, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 b\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh Allan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Can Tr\u00e1t, h\u1ecd nghe n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Can Tr\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gruzia, d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn, b\u1edfi v\u1eady t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i r\u1eddi \u0111i. V\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong Gruzia, N\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ba v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tham gia \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t, T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169, d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbch x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Gruzia, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t k\u1ef5 binh tinh nhu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Gruzia. Qu\u00e2n Gruzia \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i lui v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef Tbilisi, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn Gruzia\u201d tr\u1ee9 danh. Qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Tbilisi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2n nh\u0103\u0301c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh Gruzia n\u00fai cao r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef5 binh c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f4\u0323ng, cho n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc d\u00e3y n\u00fai Caucasus. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1243, do \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa t\u00e2y chinh, Gruzia m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1222, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean Mugan \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Azerbaijan \u0111i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Thi\u1ebft L\u00fd U\u00f4ng (nay l\u00e0 Syria), c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, r\u1ed3i d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng khe n\u00fai Darband. Theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba th\u1eafng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Kipchak. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c du m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c bao g\u1ed3m bi\u1ec3n Caspi, b\u1eafc Caucasus v\u00e0 H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i, ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Khang L\u00fd (ph\u00eda b\u1eafc bi\u1ec3n Aral), B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kiev Rus, ph\u00eda T\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Hungary v.v.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e3y n\u00fai Caucasus \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, m\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u1ea3i Darband l\u00e0 c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba T\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Alexander \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf co\u0301 x\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Darband, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cC\u1ed5ng s\u1eaft l\u1edbn Alexander\u201d. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u1eeda \u1ea3i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u1ebft L\u00fd U\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c t\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo b\u1edd t\u00e2y c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n Caspi l\u00ean ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Tanarek \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Caucasus, ng\u01b0\u1eddi A Lan li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Hai qu\u00e2n giao chi\u1ebfn, ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i. Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf ta \u00edt \u0111\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u, bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i, li\u1ec1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 mang l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt \u0111i g\u1eb7p th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kipchak, n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng \u0110\u1ed9t Quy\u1ebft), \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ra, h\u00e0 t\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi A Lan t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c. Chi b\u1eb1ng b\u1eaft tay gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ea5y v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c \u0111em t\u1eb7ng\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, li\u1ec1n r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng minh m\u00e0 \u0111i. Qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u0300a c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1 li\u00ean qu\u00e2n A Lan, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Caucasus l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thua tr\u1eadn. Sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kipchak \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb. H\u1ecd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: Khu v\u1ef1c Kipchak l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t phong c\u1ee7a Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch \u2013 con tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, cho n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c, nhao nhao ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kipchak c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ca \u0110\u1ecbch Di\u00ean, t\u1eebng \u0111em con g\u00e1i g\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Michis, c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Garis c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam La T\u01b0 (t\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga ng\u00e0y nay), Ca \u0110\u1ecbch Di\u00ean d\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n t\u1edbi Kiev th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t binh t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3. C\u00f2n qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 th\u00ec theo \u0111u\u00f4i Ca \u0110\u1ecbch Di\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kiev Rus.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28995\" src=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-5-200x300.jpeg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_290384\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-290384\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-290384\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 (\u1ea2nh: T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span id=\"Tran_chien_song_Kalka_va_dai_thang_lien_quan_Kiev_Rus\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><b>Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Kalka v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eafng li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Kiev Rus<\/b><\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kipchak l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi Nam La T\u01b0 (nam Rus)? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xa x\u01b0a. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 1 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slav \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng Dnepr, s\u00f4ng Oder, s\u00f4ng Wisla, s\u00f4ng Bug thu\u1ed9c trung v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00e2u. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 6, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Slav ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Slav, T\u00e2y Slav v\u00e0 Nam Slav, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Slav ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i t\u1eeb Kiev \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 Ilmen, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Belarus v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 8, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng Slav \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y Kiev v\u00e0 Novgorod l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9, Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Lukri c\u1ee7a Novgorod chinh ph\u1ee5c Kiev v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c \u1edf b\u1edd t\u00e2y s\u00f4ng Dnerp, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y Kiev l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c, qu\u1ed1c gia g\u1ecdi Kiev Rus. Lukri \u0111em qu\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 chia l\u00e0m m\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n chia phong ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 tr\u1ecb, l\u1ea5y Kiev l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 10, Kiev Rus ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. Kiev Rus t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Yaroslav th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, Kiev Rus ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 10 c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf. Th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea5y l\u00fac ph\u00e2n l\u00fac h\u1ee3p, h\u1ed7n chi\u1ebfn l\u1eabn nhau, khi \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Kiev Rus kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u00f4ng Hanga \u2013 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Volga. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 Kipchak tr\u00ean th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Trung \u00c1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u trong \u0111\u1ea5t Kiev Rus, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c nam b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng gia v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kipchak .<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh Ca \u0110\u1ecbch Di\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kipchak ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi Kiev Rus \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a con r\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Mstislav Mstislavich li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Kiev Rus. Sau khi th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o, h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i nghe n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kiev Rus chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb li\u00ean h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng k\u00edch qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn Kiev h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng. S\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Kiev Rus, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak, hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak h\u00e0ng n\u0103m qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Kiev Rus, chi b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p binh c\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kipchak, c\u00f9ng chia th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus kh\u00f4ng nghe theo, c\u00f2n gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-5.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28996\" src=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-5.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-5.jpeg 450w, https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-5-300x200.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_290387\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-290387\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-290387\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>C\u1ed5ng ho\u00e0ng Kim \u2013 C\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 \u1edf Kiev c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus. (\u1ea2nh: Shutterstock)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch r\u1eddi xa bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 r\u00fat lui \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Kalka (thu\u1ed9c Ukraine ng\u00e0y nay), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n Caspi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n, Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch b\u00e8n chia gi\u00e0 n\u1eeda qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111i c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1223, \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc Mstislav Mstislavich li\u00ean h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c Kiev v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Kipchak, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n, \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng. C\u00f2n Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i do vi\u1ec7n binh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi, li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Kalka \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n qua s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng b\u00e0y tr\u1eadn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4ng nam bi\u1ec3n Azov, t\u1eeb b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1eafc H\u1ea3i, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i quay v\u1ec1, hai \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p. Do th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1i s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111i g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus, c\u0169ng cam \u0111oan \u201cTuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, xin ch\u1edb d\u1ee5ng binh\u201d. C\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Galich t\u1ef1 tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n v\u1ea1n k\u1ef5 binh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng Dnepr, \u0111\u00e1nh tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c\u00a0 c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 qua s\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eeba r\u00fat lui. Li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Kiev Rus sau khi truy \u0111u\u1ed5i 12 ng\u00e0y, th\u00ec t\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Kalka, l\u00fac n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3n ch\u1edd qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. Hai qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch nhau con s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Kiev Rus chia l\u00e0m 2 khu nam b\u1eafc \u0111o\u0301ng qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda Nam g\u1ed3m qu\u00e2n Kiev v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Chernigova, \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc g\u1ed3m qu\u00e2n Gariz v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n Kipchak. Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1i ra 6 ng\u00e0n k\u1ef5 binh gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh li\u00ean qu\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eafng l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd thua tr\u1eadn ch\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Kiev Rus th\u00ec th\u1eeba th\u1eafng x\u00f4ng l\u00ean. Th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Galich n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u00e0 coi th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch n\u00ean li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y 31\/5\/1223, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Kalka. Qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lui c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 tung \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1i, Th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Galich s\u1ee3 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n sang b\u1edd b\u00ean kia tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111em to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng Kalka thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 truy k\u00edch. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, B\u1eafc qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 6 v\u1ecb qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus \u1edf b\u1edd b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1n binh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ec9 mong ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i B\u1eafc qu\u00e2n, th\u1eeba th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u00eda Nam hai m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbch, cho n\u00ean v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba ng\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Kalka, li\u00ean qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Kiev Rus t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t 7 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n, c\u00f3 6 v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed, v\u00e0 70 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c t\u1eed tr\u1eadn. Qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 nh\u1edd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c v\u00e0o trong Kiev Rus, c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Cr\u01b0m, nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kiev Rus.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1223, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n quay v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f4ng, d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qua n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c B\u1ea5t L\u00fd A Nh\u0129 (nay l\u00e0 Tatarstan thu\u1ed9c Nga). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea5t L\u00fd A Nh\u0129 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n ng\u0103n tr\u1edf, qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea5t L\u00fd A Nh\u0129, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng B\u1ea5t L\u00fd A Nh\u0129 thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 c\u00f2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e1t Kh\u1eafc T\u00e2n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n Caspi. Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Khang L\u00fd, th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Khang L\u00fd \u0111em qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1, sau khi b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1224, T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i mang theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i ph\u1ea9m, d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i s\u01b0 v\u1edbi Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda t\u00e2y M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ec7nh \u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Kipchak. Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau, ki\u00eau t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00ec b\u1ea1o b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t Khang L\u00fd \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y bi\u1ec3n Aral.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-4.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28997\" src=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-4.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-4.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-4-241x300.jpeg 241w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_290388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-290388\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-290388\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng Kalka ng\u00e0y 31\/5\/1223. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u00edch t\u1eeb \u201cS\u1eed t\u1eadp\u201d. (\u1ea2nh: T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span id=\"Khuc_nhac_dao_dau_cho_cuoc_chinh_phuc_Au_Chau_cua_Mong_Co\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><b>Kh\u00fac nh\u1ea1c d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Hai v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i trong khi ph\u1ee5ng m\u1ec7nh \u0111i truy k\u00edch Ma Kha M\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Hoa L\u1ea1t T\u1eed M\u00f4, chinh chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecdc su\u1ed1t d\u00e3y n\u00fai Caucasus, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u00eda b\u1eafc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Dnepr, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c su\u1ed1t 3 n\u0103m, v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u01a1n 5,000km, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 chinh ph\u1ee5c 14 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e1 h\u01a1n 40 t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh, di\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n 17 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00f2n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Azerbaijan, Gruzia, Rus,v.v v\u00e0\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn uy danh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 h\u00e3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, cu\u1ed9c trinh s\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c \u00c2u-\u00c1 l\u00e0 kh\u00fac nh\u1ea1c d\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u cho cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Trong 3 n\u0103m chinh chi\u1ebfn, Tri\u1ebft Bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 T\u1ed1c B\u1ea5t \u0110\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0: Truy k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn, ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn, v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn, t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a tan r\u00e3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn,v.v. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng trong khi c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Hoa L\u1ea1t T\u1eed M\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Trung \u00c1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"Lan_dau_tien_Tay_chinh_co_mot_ket_thuc\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><b>L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean T\u00e2y chinh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/b><\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 1219, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chinh chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc Hoa L\u1ea1t T\u1eed M\u00f4, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1225 th\u00ec quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean T\u00e2y chinh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u Trung \u00c1, \u0111\u1eadp tan li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Kiev Rus, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft th\u00fac uy ch\u1ea5n Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111i qua bao g\u1ed3m mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Iran v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi con m\u1eaft chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, trong cu\u1ed9c T\u00e2y chinh n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, quan l\u1ea1i, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1,v.v. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u1eb1m th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n coi gi\u1eef, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean t\u1eadp k\u00edch, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn,v.v, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c thi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 \u00e2n v\u00e0 uy, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1, v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ra, ho\u1eb7c theo qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong Trung Qu\u1ed1c; m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Trung \u00c1 kh\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c H\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 H\u00e1n h\u00f3a trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb chinh ph\u1ee5c, \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, c\u0169ng \u0111em v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e2y chinh c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u00e0i ph\u00fa, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 cu\u0303ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0, cu\u1ed9c t\u00e2y chinh c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 c\u00e2u th\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng- T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5p n\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"Phan_phong_vung_dat_chinh_phuc_duoc_-_xay_dung_4_nuoc_Dai_Han\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><b>Ph\u00e2n phong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chinh ph\u1ee5c\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 4 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, n\u0103m 1225, \u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t phong h\u1ea7u cho ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ba chi d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch, S\u00e1t H\u1ee3p \u0110\u00e0i, Oa Kho\u00e1t \u0110\u00e0i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>Con tr\u01b0\u1edfng Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong Kipchak, Hoa L\u1ea1t T\u1eed M\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Khang L\u00fd, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean Kipchak n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa d\u1ea3i s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Volga \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y bi\u1ec3n Aral, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc bi\u1ec3n Caspi \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch. Thu\u1eadt X\u00edch qua \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ea5t phong\u00a0 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 B\u1ea1t \u0110\u00f4. B\u1ea1t \u0110\u00f4 sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u201cn\u01b0\u1edbc Kipchak H\u00e3n\u201d. N\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e3n n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u00e0nh M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 m\u1ea5y v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m, ng\u1ef1a tr\u1ea1m t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 200 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 con th\u1ee9 S\u00e1t H\u1ee3p \u0110\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 T\u00e2y Li\u00eau v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00day Ng\u1ed9t Nhi v\u01b0\u01a1n xa \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn T\u00e1t M\u00e3 Nh\u0129 H\u00e3n v\u00e0 B\u1ed1 C\u00e1p L\u1ea1p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 khu v\u1ef1c nam v\u00e0 b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean S\u01a1n, v\u00e0 l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Yuletus v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Manas cho \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1eefa hai con s\u00f4ng \u1edf Trung \u00c1 l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Amu Darya v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Sry Darya ng\u00e0y nay (th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb d\u00e3y n\u00fai Altai \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3n Aral). N\u0103m 1222, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e3n S\u00e1t H\u1ee3p \u0110\u00e0i, l\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf Huyasi g\u1ea7n Alimari (Gulza), ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2y b\u1eafc th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Th\u1ee7y \u0110\u1ecbnh huy\u1ec7n Ho\u1eafc Th\u00e0nh, T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a con trai th\u1ee9 ba Oa Kho\u00e1t \u0110\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169 N\u00e3i Man, nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i ph\u00eda t\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du s\u00f4ng Obi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng h\u1ed3 Baikhah \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Oa Kho\u00e1t \u0110\u00e0i. N\u0103m 1225, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e3n Oa Kho\u00e1t \u0110\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>Theo l\u1ec7 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, sau khi Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n qua \u0111\u1eddi, con \u00fat \u0110\u00e0 L\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb cha, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u1edf d\u1ea3i s\u00f4ng Oran v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Kelulian, sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e3n do con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2u th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. M\u00e0 quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb H\u1ed1t L\u00fd L\u1eb7c \u0110\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e3n n\u00e0y, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn H\u00e3n M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn, k\u00fd k\u1ebft hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e3n,v.v.<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c: https:\/\/www.epochtimes.com\/b5\/20\/11\/30\/n12585408.htm<\/p>\n<p>(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ChanhKien.org] Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1222, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3i s\u01b0. (H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh do Epoch Times ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c) Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1222, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Amu Darya, \u0111\u00f3ng doanh tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh T\u00e1t M\u00e3 Nh\u0129 H\u00e3n, th\u00e1ng 10 h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3i s\u01b0, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[399],"class_list":["post-28993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-thanh-cat-tu-han"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n (13): Chinh ph\u1ee5c Caucasus v\u00e0 Nam Nga \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n (13): Chinh ph\u1ee5c Caucasus v\u00e0 Nam Nga \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ChanhKien.org] Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1222, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3i s\u01b0. (H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh do Epoch Times ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c) Th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1222, Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng Amu Darya, \u0111\u00f3ng doanh tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh T\u00e1t M\u00e3 Nh\u0129 H\u00e3n, th\u00e1ng 10 h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3i s\u01b0, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-08-18T07:41:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-14T05:45:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-3.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"editor_n\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"editor_n\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"32 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"editor_n\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/#\/schema\/person\/d39853a2b0e6235cdad43189e4cbd085\"},\"headline\":\"Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n (13): Chinh ph\u1ee5c Caucasus v\u00e0 Nam Nga \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-08-18T07:41:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-14T05:45:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html\"},\"wordCount\":6410,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-3.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n\"],\"articleSection\":[\"V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/08\/thanh-cat-tu-han-13-chinh-phuc-caucasus-va-nam-nga-kien-lap-tu-dai-han-quoc.html\",\"name\":\"Th\u00e0nh C\u00e1t T\u01b0 H\u00e3n (13): Chinh ph\u1ee5c Caucasus v\u00e0 Nam Nga \u2013 Ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp t\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u00e3n qu\u1ed1c - 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