{"id":28778,"date":"2022-07-08T09:55:28","date_gmt":"2022-07-08T02:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=28778"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:20:39","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:20:39","slug":"nhan-thuc-chung-ve-tho-1-loi-noi-dau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/07\/nhan-thuc-chung-ve-tho-1-loi-noi-dau.html","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c chung v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 (1): L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u1eadp th\u01a1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u201cKinh Thi\u201d<\/i> do Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed bi\u00ean t\u1eadp. Kinh thi<\/i> do ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201cPhong\u201d, \u201cNh\u00e3\u201d, \u201cT\u1ee5ng\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201cPhong\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i d\u00e2n ca c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u00ean T\u1ea7n, Nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 T\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 l\u1eddi ca c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i nh\u1ea1c trong \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c trong t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 \u1edf Th\u00e1i mi\u1ebfu, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00fac ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t chung v\u1edbi nh\u1ea1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c (ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ed5) n\u00ean b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ca kh\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddi ca.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c trong c\u1eb7p ch\u1ecb em song sinh l\u1eddi v\u0103n v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c: b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u201cthanh \u00e2m\u201d m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau; ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cthang \u00e2m\u201d, \u201cc\u00e2u nh\u1ea1c\u201d, \u201cch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea1c\u201d, \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u201cnh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d , \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec7u th\u1ee9c\u201d … Nh\u1ea1c l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi l\u1eddi v\u0103n, n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u201cng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u201d kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00fac nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5\u201d ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ca t\u1eeb (l\u1eddi b\u00e0i h\u00e1t) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a m\u1ef9 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ecb em sinh \u0111\u00f4i th\u1ee7a ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u201d ch\u1ea1y theo c\u00e1 t\u00ednh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Hai l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u00e0i h\u00f2a l\u1eddi h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c: ti\u1ebfng Trung c\u00f3 \u201c4 thanh\u201d (d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u00f3 5 thanh), c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u201cthang \u00e2m ng\u0169 thanh\u201d c\u1ee7a \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. \u201cNg\u1eaft c\u00e2u\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u00e2m ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb 2 \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n \u00e2m ti\u1ebft trong ti\u1ebfng Trung t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cnh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9\u201d; c\u00e1c c\u00e2u trong m\u1ed7i \u201cl\u1eddi ca\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e2u nh\u1ea1c\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea1c\u201d. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 dung h\u1ee3p l\u1eddi h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3: d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u201cl\u1eddi ca\u201d th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 mang \u201c\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c\u201d r\u1ed3i, d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t “nh\u1ea1c ph\u1ed5”. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y theo t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c theo \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u201d, th\u00ec gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giai \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ef9 mi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n; theo \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec l\u1eddi ca v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u201cni\u00eam lu\u1eadt\u201d th\u01a1 ca (l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gieo v\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eafc theo lu\u1eadt th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) \u1edf th\u1eddi s\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 trong th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i “T\u1eeb” c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng; do t\u1eeb \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc theo 4 thanh, tuy nhi\u00ean \u201cni\u00eam lu\u1eadt th\u01a1\u201d trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c v\u1eabn k\u00e9m ni\u00eam lu\u1eadt th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecdc l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u00e1t v\u00e0 nghe m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 khi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u00fang ni\u00eam lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giai \u0111i\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft h\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n l\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft h\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft th\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft th\u01a1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng khai ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft sao cho gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1. Khi ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft th\u01a1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u01a1 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1ec1 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u ni\u00eam lu\u1eadt, khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec b\u00e0i th\u01a1 vi\u1ebft ra c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadn theo s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u01a1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ean th\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 mong mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 x\u1ea3o l\u00e0m th\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u01a1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ni\u00eam lu\u1eadt giai \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u01a1 ca th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n 5 ch\u1eef, 7 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec3u l\u1ec7nh (b\u00e0i t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2u nay l\u00e0m th\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng theo quy lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tu\u00e2n theo ni\u00eam lu\u1eadt th\u01a1 ca ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u201cd\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d: sau khi hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1eebng s\u1ee3 ch\u1eadm, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng ch\u00fat m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u01a1.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: http:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/19852<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] T\u1eadp th\u01a1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u201cKinh Thi\u201d do Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed bi\u00ean t\u1eadp. 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