{"id":28547,"date":"2022-05-05T16:23:13","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T09:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=28547"},"modified":"2022-05-05T22:04:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T15:04:39","slug":"tu-dai-phat-minh-cua-trung-quoc-co-dai-ky-thuat-lam-giay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/05\/tu-dai-phat-minh-cua-trung-quoc-co-dai-ky-thuat-lam-giay.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y"},"content":{"rendered":"

Do NTDTV s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/i><\/p>\n

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Gi\u1ea5y Th\u00e1i H\u1ea7u<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m H\u01b0ng Nguy\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n (n\u0103m 105), Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n t\u1ea5u tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y l\u00ean H\u00e1n H\u00f2a \u0110\u1ebf (Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ban th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. N\u0103m 116, Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n phong l\u00e0m Long \u0110\u00ecnh H\u1ea7u. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi gi\u1ea5y do Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n l\u00e0m ra l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea5y Th\u00e1i H\u1ea7u\u201d, l\u01b0u danh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 K\u00ednh Tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Qu\u00fd D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e2m Ch\u00e2u, t\u1ec9nh H\u1ed3 Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1m th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 121.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch \u201cH\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0 – Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n truy\u1ec7n\u201d ghi: \u201cT\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean th\u1ebb tre, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean l\u1ee5a n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 (gi\u1ea5y). L\u1ee5a th\u00ec \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n c\u00f2n th\u1ebb tre th\u00ec n\u1eb7ng, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n li\u1ec1n n\u1ea3y ra \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecf c\u00e2y, c\u00e2y gai d\u1ea7u, v\u1ea3i c\u0169 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y\u201d.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

2. M\u1eaft nh\u00ecn t\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean mai r\u00f9a, x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00fa, th\u1ebb tre v\u00e0 l\u1ee5a<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i qua n\u1ea1n h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, La M\u00e3, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Trung Nguy\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 5.000 n\u0103m, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Tam Ho\u00e0ng Ng\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i (kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 26 TCN ~ \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 TCN), ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng Trung Nguy\u00ean. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4.500 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft quan s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng n\u00fai, c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 3.000 n\u0103m, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n t\u1ef1 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 “nh\u1eadt th\u1ef1c”.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cHo\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf N\u1ed9i Kinh\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 K\u1ef3 B\u00e1 v\u00e0 L\u00f4i C\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a y h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u1ed5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00e2n Lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch \u201cHo\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf N\u1ed9i Kinh\u201d vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n linh, s\u1ee9c y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0103n n\u00f3i, l\u00fac nh\u1ecf th\u00ec g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ec1, khi l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu minh m\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh danh to\u1ea1i th\u00ec l\u00ean tr\u1eddi. Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf h\u1ecfi Thi\u00ean S\u01b0 (K\u1ef3 B\u00e1) r\u1eb1ng: Ta nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m s\u00fat, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nay tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9m s\u00fat. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1eddi th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c hay l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

K\u1ef3 B\u00e1 th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o, chi\u1ec3u theo \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c, cho n\u00ean g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 tr\u1eddi, h\u01a1n tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf quan tr\u1eafc quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra l\u1ecbch, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, suy \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Nghi\u00eau Thu\u1ea5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng Th\u1ea7n linh, t\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00fac b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y sao s\u00e1ng, s\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ecdt r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0\u1eddng nhau \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee7a to, l\u00faa m\u1ecdc hai b\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0a ng\u00e0y n\u1eafng.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb khi v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 vi\u1ebft c\u00f2n \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 khai nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00fd ni\u1ec7m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u1ea9u th\u1ee5 t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao l\u01b0u trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau. S\u00e1ch “Thi\u00ean c\u00f4ng khai v\u1eadt” ghi: Tinh hoa c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, t\u1eeb Hoa H\u1ea1 truy\u1ec1n ra b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn m\u00e0 t\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u. V\u1eady th\u00ec truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y? Nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho h\u1ecdc sinh, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1eddi n\u00f3i truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9n s\u00e1ch th\u00ec s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, m\u1ecdi nghi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u tan bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c giao l\u01b0u trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u01a1n 3.000 n\u0103m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t, th\u1ebb tre, l\u1ee5a cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1972, h\u01a1n 900 s\u00e1ch th\u1ebb tre, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u1ee5a v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 120.000 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u0103m b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ee5a m\u00e0u tinh x\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt trong l\u0103ng m\u1ed9 th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n \u1edf M\u00e3 V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4i, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa, H\u1ed3 Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch “S\u1eed k\u00fd – L\u00e3o T\u1eed H\u00e0n Phi li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n” vi\u1ebft: N\u0103m 516 TCN, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi L\u00e3o T\u1eed r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u1eeda \u1ea3i H\u00e0m C\u1ed1c, t\u01b0\u1edbng canh Do\u00e3n H\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y m\u00e0u t\u00edm \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng bay, trong t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft L\u00e3o T\u1eed s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u00e8n sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1eafp h\u01b0\u01a1ng hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5m ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft cu\u1ed1n \u201c \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d 5.000 ch\u1eef, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u00e2u xanh \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Sau g\u1ea7n 2.500 n\u0103m, to\u00e0n v\u0103n cu\u1ed1n “\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh” c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 91 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1eef L\u1ec7 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean l\u1ee5a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y t\u00eda c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u0103m x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i v\u0103n t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean s\u00e1ch l\u1ee5a s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebb tre v\u00e0 l\u1ee5a m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n. S\u00e1ch “Trang T\u1eed – Thi\u00ean H\u1ea1” vi\u1ebft: “Hu\u1ec7 Thi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t n\u0103m xe”, ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng danh s\u0129 Hu\u1ec7 Thi th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c chu du thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng mang theo ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y n\u0103m xe. S\u00e1ch \u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd – T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n k\u1ef7\u201d ghi: \u201cM\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 d\u00f9 l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u do \u0111\u1ee9c vua quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, vua c\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc\u201d. M\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 120 c\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t 120 c\u00e2n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb tre m\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra.<\/p>\n

3. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"Gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eebng t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"Gi\u1ea5y th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ed1ng\"\"Gi\u1ea5y Tuy\u00ean – ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n. N\u0103m 1973, gi\u1ea5y gai d\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt \u1edf Kim Quan, Cam T\u00fac, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “Thi\u00ean c\u00f4ng khai v\u1eadt” c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1ng \u01afng Tinh th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh ghi l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: B\u0103m nh\u1ecf tre ng\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1edbi ao, cho v\u00e0o n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1eeda, d\u00f9ng t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n nh\u00fang v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed9t tre, (b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng b\u00e1m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n), t\u00e1ch l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc, hong kh\u00f4 qua l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y Tuy\u00ean th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n

\u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau ti\u1ebft Thanh Minh C\u1ed1c V\u0169 (tre) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1n h\u1ea1, n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng ao ng\u00e2m h\u01a1n 100 ng\u00e0y. Ng\u00e2m xong v\u1edbt ra, ch\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng kh\u00fac, t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecf, b\u1ecf m\u1eaft, r\u1ed3i cho v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o n\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ea5u kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ea5u xong th\u00ec l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc, nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ea5u l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0ng thay n\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, sau khi c\u1ecd r\u1eeda v\u00e0 d\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ee3i tinh khi\u1ebft. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i v\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n k\u00e9o l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng, r\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i d\u1ebbo dai m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat tinh b\u1ed9t hay t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o, chu\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u0103n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u1eafn l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf trong cung lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ng\u1ef1 b\u00fat ng\u1ef1 h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf gi\u1ea5y Tuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t, h\u01a1i \u1ea9m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 200 n\u0103m m\u1edbi h\u01a1i ng\u1ea3 sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t; hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y Tuy\u00ean. S\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u01b0 h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y Tuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p gi\u1ea5y (xem h\u00ecnh ph\u00eda tr\u00ean), d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y \u00e9p h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc trong gi\u1ea5y ra, hong kh\u00f4. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau v\u00ec v\u1ea3i tr\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng len, \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc sau g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y”.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 111 TCN, sau khi H\u00e1n V\u0169 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f4 \u00fay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef b\u1ed1n c\u1eeda \u1ea3i c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n, D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan, Trung B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nghi H\u00f2a. V\u00e0o n\u0103m V\u0129nh B\u00ecnh th\u1ee9 11 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n (n\u0103m 68), hai nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 mang kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng cho kinh th\u00e0nh L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9a B\u1ea1ch M\u00e3. V\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u0103n minh, thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh – th\u1eddi Nam B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

5. S\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y<\/b><\/p>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1, Nam \u00c1, Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ch\u00e2u Phi. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c1.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: https:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/30354<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do NTDTV s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t [ChanhKien.org] 1. Gi\u1ea5y Th\u00e1i H\u1ea7u V\u00e0o n\u0103m H\u01b0ng Nguy\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n (n\u0103m 105), Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n t\u1ea5u tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y l\u00ean H\u00e1n H\u00f2a \u0110\u1ebf (Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ban th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. N\u0103m 116, Th\u00e1i Lu\u00e2n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[388],"class_list":["post-28547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc","tag-tu-dai-phat-minh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/05\/tu-dai-phat-minh-cua-trung-quoc-co-dai-ky-thuat-lam-giay.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5y - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Do NTDTV s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t [ChanhKien.org] 1. 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