{"id":28420,"date":"2022-03-09T16:16:10","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T09:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=28420"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:20:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:20:47","slug":"bon-phat-minh-vi-dai-cua-trung-quoc-co-dai-la-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/03\/bon-phat-minh-vi-dai-cua-trung-quoc-co-dai-la-ban.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: La b\u00e0n"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

1. \u0110\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 la b\u00e0n<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. Ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0Qu\u1ea3n T\u1eed – \u0110\u1ecba s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean<\/i>. Kho\u1ea3ng 5000-2070 TCN, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf h\u1ecfi B\u00e1 Cao: Ta mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? B\u00e1 Cao tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: N\u1ebfu tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 chu sa th\u00ec \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ecf v\u00e0ng, tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m th\u00ec \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh th\u00ec \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u00ec, thi\u1ebfc, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf th\u00ec \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1eaft, nh\u00ecn n\u00fai m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecf kho\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 m\u1ecf, Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n phong to\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t m\u00e0 c\u00fang t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n, trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef “\u78c1” (t\u1eeb), nam ch\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u201c\u6148\u77f3\u201d (t\u1eeb th\u1ea1ch). T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Cao D\u1ee5 th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: “\u0110\u00e1, l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft. \u0110\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3”. Ho\u00e1 ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat s\u1eaft v\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1eabu y\u00eau con, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi nam ch\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1eeb th\u1ea1ch\u201d.<\/p>\n

La b\u00e0n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 TCN. La b\u00e0n khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ch. S\u00e1ch\u00a0Qu\u1ef7 C\u1ed1c T\u1eed – M\u01b0u Thi\u00ean<\/i>\u00a0th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 4 TCN vi\u1ebft: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u00fai t\u00ecm ng\u1ecdc, \u0111i b\u1eb1ng xe c\u00f3 la b\u00e0n, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 la b\u00e0n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed1n\u00a0H\u00e0n Phi T\u1eed – H\u1eefu \u0110\u1ed9 Thi\u00ean<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 TCN c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i: B\u1ec1 t\u00f4i l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i vua, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh khi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn xa, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho vua m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng sang T\u00e2y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra kim ch\u1ec9 nam (t\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1edbm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u (h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n, t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 t\u00e0). Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 b\u1eadc minh ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0a ra ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t c\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

2. La b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n tung ho\u00e0nh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n(H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh ho\u1ea1: La b\u00e0n h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca)<\/i><\/p>\n

La b\u00e0n th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a xoay t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nam ch\u00e2m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, khi tay c\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a th\u00eca b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00ec th\u00e2n chi\u1ebfc th\u00eca s\u1ebd quay tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a xoay v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y th\u00eca l\u00e0 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u0129a xoay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u00e1t Qu\u00e1i, Thi\u00ean Can, \u0110\u1ecba Chi v\u00e0 28 ch\u00f2m sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n trung t\u00e2m. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 24 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. Thi\u00ean Can, \u0110\u1ecba Chi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1eddi gian, B\u00e1t Qu\u00e1i v\u00e0 28 ch\u00f2m sao t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 28 nh\u00f3m tinh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nhau.<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Can g\u1ed3m: Gi\u00e1p \u1ea4t B\u00ednh \u0110inh M\u1eadu K\u1ef7 Canh T\u00e2n Nh\u00e2m Qu\u00fd, \u0110\u1ecba Chi g\u1ed3m: T\u00fd S\u1eedu D\u1ea7n M\u00e3o Th\u00ecn T\u1ef5 Ng\u1ecd M\u00f9i Th\u00e2n D\u1eadu Tu\u1ea5t H\u1ee3i. Khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. (T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Qu\u00e1i g\u1ed3m C\u00e0n, Kh\u00f4n, C\u1ea5n, Ch\u1ea5n, Kh\u1ea3m, Li, T\u1ed1n, \u0110o\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng), c\u00f2n 28 ch\u00f2m sao l\u00e0 28 nh\u00f3m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 chi\u00eam tinh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, (t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c, Cang, \u0110\u00ea, Ph\u00f2ng, T\u00e2m, V\u0129, C\u01a1, \u0110\u1ea9u, Ng\u01b0u, N\u1eef, H\u01b0, Nguy, Th\u1ea5t, B\u00edch, Khu\u00ea, L\u00e2u, V\u1ecb, M\u00e3o, T\u1ea5t, Ch\u1ee7y, S\u00e2m, T\u1ec9nh, Qu\u1ef7, Li\u1ec5u, Tinh, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, D\u1ef1c, Ch\u1ea9n). C\u00e1i mu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a la b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam. Khi quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i mu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a la b\u00e0n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd qua l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 con thoi trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, sau khi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, tay c\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i mu\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam. Trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, la b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean Can v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba Chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 Can Chi. 10 Thi\u00ean Can ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh: Gi\u00e1p, \u1ea4t, B\u00ednh, \u0110inh, M\u1eadu, K\u1ef7, Canh, T\u00e2n, Nh\u00e2m, Qu\u00fd. 12 \u0110\u1ecba Chi l\u00e0: T\u00fd, S\u1eedu, D\u1ea7n, M\u00e3o, Th\u00ecn, T\u1ef5, Ng\u1ecd, M\u00f9i, Th\u00e2n, D\u1eadu, Tu\u1ea5t, H\u1ee3i. Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n 60 Can Chi, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u201cGi\u00e1p T\u00fd\u201d. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, Can Chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong g\u1ea7n 3.000 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ghi n\u0103m. Thi\u00ean Can \u0110\u1ecba Chi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y. 12 \u0110\u1ecba Chi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 12 canh gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 1 canh gi\u1edd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 2 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y nay. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Nam T\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 xem gi\u1edd, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a kim \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian. Ng\u00e0y H\u1ea1 ch\u00ed \u1edf B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c th\u00ec b\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn, ng\u00e0y 60 kh\u1eafc, \u0111\u00eam 40 kh\u1eafc. Ng\u00e0y \u0110\u00f4ng Ch\u00ed \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c th\u00ec b\u00f3ng d\u00e0i, \u0111\u00eam 60 kh\u1eafc, ng\u00e0y 40 kh\u1eafc.\u00a0D\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng qu\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7m<\/i>\u00a0vi\u1ebft: “V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0110\u00f4ng Ch\u00ed, b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u00e0i 1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng 3 th\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y H\u1ea1 Ch\u00ed, b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u00e0i 1 th\u01b0\u1edbc 5 t\u1ea5c. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 l\u1eadp b\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f2n \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u0103m 132, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

(H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh ho\u1ea1: M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0nh)<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch\u00a0H\u1eadu H\u00e1n Th\u01b0 – Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0nh li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p: V\u00e0o n\u0103m D\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tinh luy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 8 th\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1eafp nh\u00f4 l\u00ean, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed h\u00ecnh n\u00fai, r\u00f9a, chim, th\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7n v\u0103n. \u1ede gi\u1eefa b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1m thanh x\u00e0 ngang to\u1ea3 ra xung quanh, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf m\u00e1y. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00e1m con r\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed7i con trong mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1eadm m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m con c\u00f3c trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111ang h\u00e1 mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 trong b\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n, th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd rung, r\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y s\u1ebd nh\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u ra, v\u00e0 con c\u00f3c s\u1ebd h\u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u. Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3c b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t con r\u1ed3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3y con r\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00ecm theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n. Theo s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 ghi l\u1ea1i, t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t con r\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh li\u1ec1n cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau, d\u1ecbch tr\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 b\u00e1o qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf L\u0169ng T\u00e2y, l\u00fac n\u00e0y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u00e0 vua l\u1ec7nh cho quan s\u1eed ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

4. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a la b\u00e0n<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo ghi ch\u00e9p trong cu\u1ed1n\u00a0M\u1ed9ng Kh\u00ea B\u00fat \u0110\u00e0m<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea9m Qu\u00e1t, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi B\u1eafc T\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb la b\u00e0n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p treo s\u1ee3i t\u01a1, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 m\u00f3ng tay v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xoay mu\u00f4i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p la b\u00e0n n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 xuy\u00ean m\u1ed9t kim ch\u1ec9 nam qua t\u00e2m s\u1ee3i b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n, r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o b\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c n\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5c \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a kim ch\u1ec9 nam ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam B\u1eafc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p treo s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa kim ch\u1ec9 nam, \u0111\u1ea7u kia treo l\u00ean gi\u00e1 g\u1ed7, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 ghi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi kim, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, kim s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam B\u1eafc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 m\u00f3ng tay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kim ch\u1ec9 nam l\u00ean m\u00f3ng tay c\u00e1i, kim t\u1eeb t\u00ednh s\u1ebd quay tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a m\u00f3ng tay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam B\u1eafc. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xoay mu\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t kim ch\u1ec9 nam h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i mu\u00f4i l\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u00e1t. Trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p treo s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap kim ch\u1ec9 nam chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 gi\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lung lay, n\u00ean c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p la b\u00e0n n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a kim ch\u1ec9 nam.<\/p>\n

Khi Th\u1ea9m Qu\u00e1t th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p la b\u00e0n treo, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng kim ch\u1ec9 nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh Nam v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh B\u1eafc, m\u00e0 h\u01a1i l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u2014 g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i hai c\u1ef1c B\u1eafc Nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i la b\u00e0n tr\u00ean, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Nguy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 la b\u00e0n h\u00ecnh con r\u00f9a, con c\u00e1. Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i la b\u00e0n n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5c nam ch\u00e2m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c r\u00f9a kh\u1eafc g\u1ed7, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y kim th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m Gia T\u0129nh tri\u1ec1u Minh, l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n la b\u00e0n kh\u00f4. La b\u00e0n kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111inh \u1edf trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a kim ch\u1ec9 nam, l\u00e0m cho l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a kim ch\u1ec9 nam r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, kim ch\u1ec9 nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay t\u1ef1 do. V\u00ec kim ch\u1ec9 nam c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafc l\u01b0 nh\u01b0 khi \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3 la b\u00e0n kh\u00f4 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi la b\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

5. V\u0103n minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ecbnh H\u00f2a, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n d\u1eabn theo h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1edbn sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Tr\u1ecbnh H\u00f2a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i h\u01a1n 27.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u01a1n 60 con thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 la b\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, nh\u1eefng con thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u1ea3o thuy\u1ec1n” (thuy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd). “B\u1ea3o thuy\u1ec1n” l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0i 40 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng 18 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 con thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i \u1edf b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Ba T\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u Phi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua h\u01a1n 30 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, la b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea2 R\u1eadp th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:\u00a0https:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/30557<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] 1. \u0110\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 la b\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. Ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0Qu\u1ea3n T\u1eed – \u0110\u1ecba s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean. Kho\u1ea3ng 5000-2070 TCN, Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf h\u1ecfi B\u00e1 Cao: Ta mu\u1ed1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[388],"class_list":["post-28420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc","tag-tu-dai-phat-minh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: La b\u00e0n - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2022\/03\/bon-phat-minh-vi-dai-cua-trung-quoc-co-dai-la-ban.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: La b\u00e0n - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ChanhKien.org] 1. \u0110\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m v\u00e0 la b\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. Ghi ch\u00e9p s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1 nam ch\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0Qu\u1ea3n T\u1eed – \u0110\u1ecba s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean. 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