[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t mong manh, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i. Ch\u00ednh “c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c k\u00ednh s\u1ee3” \u0111ang duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, trong t\u00e2m c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean l\u00fd “Thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c h\u1eefu b\u00e1o”. V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u00e2m k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00eam t\u00fac coi tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i “quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t”, v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 k\u00ednh s\u1ee3 n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2y? Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n e ng\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t xu.<\/p>\n
N\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng; bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n “tinh th\u1ea7n” m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u201cthi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec7m\u201d \u1edf trong t\u00e2m, khi trong t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn “c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t”. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i chuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi ho\u1eb7c trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan do qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh theo thi\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u1eb7t “thi\u1ec7n – \u00e1c” t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; v.v. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh ra n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m n\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong “ch\u00ednh t\u00edn” m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm “c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi” l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 minh ho\u1eb7c (hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nghi ho\u1eb7c), trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u1ebfm tr\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, xem nh\u1eb9 \u0111i nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e1 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t; c\u00f2n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, truy c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 (qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb xung \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng). Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m “\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c” tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3n. V\u1eady kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m “\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c” c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cb\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c\u201d (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ho\u1eb7c) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201cminh ng\u1ed9\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong c\u00f5i \u201cm\u00ea\u201d mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00f3 t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian v\u1eady, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 m\u00ea m\u1edd trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, “\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c” l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n duy tr\u00ec cho v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7 b\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, trong quy lu\u1eadt “th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, di\u1ec7t”, m\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n “kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd ni\u1ec7m” mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00ec t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i “\u0111\u1ecbnh” m\u00e0 l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i “th\u00f4ng”. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao “ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m”, v\u1eady n\u00ean nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i do b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 giam h\u00e3m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p” v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i gi\u0169a s\u1ebd th\u0103ng hoa, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 “Thi\u1ec7n – \u00e1c, \u0111\u00fang – sai” th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi quan \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ma t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc quan ni\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y thanh cao v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u00f4 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c tu s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi tu t\u1eadp trong ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m x\u00fac s\u1ee5c s\u00f4i l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 h\u1eadn do t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ti\u1ebft t\u01b0 th\u00f9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1i “\u00e1c” \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 ghen gh\u00e9t, cu\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9, \u00e1c ni\u1ec7m trong t\u00e2m sinh ra do quan ni\u1ec7m b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u mu\u1ed1n ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v.v. C\u00e1i “\u00e1c” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang ta. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c, th\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea5u k\u00edn nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd phong b\u1ebf ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u00edch k\u1ef7, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chia c\u1eaft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1i “\u00e1c” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u00e0n \u00e1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eed vong c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng. C\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ti\u00eau hao v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 “Gi\u00e1c Gi\u1ea3” xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gian n\u00f3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00ean bi\u1ebft, \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “Ch\u00ednh t\u00edn” v\u00e0 “T\u00e2m Ph\u00e1p”. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 th\u0103ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd do t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi “ng\u1ed9”, L\u00e3o T\u1eed gi\u1ea3ng: “\u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o, phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o” (G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o phi th\u01b0\u1eddng; con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng), trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i “ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o”, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, t\u1eeb trong “ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p” m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t minh tr\u00ed ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; minh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh; trong ch\u00ednh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung “quan ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c” \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ecd \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea1m, ung dung, l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m”, khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ra n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 quy c\u1ee7, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1i sao t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean “tao nh\u00e3”. C\u00e2u “T\u00f9ng t\u00e2m s\u1edf d\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t du c\u1ee7\u201d (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc) m\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. Khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u00fd r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f9y \u00fd m\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 \u201ct\u1ef1 do\u201d con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi “\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i” trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u00f3, tr\u00fat b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2u th\u00f4ng, mang l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 v\u0103n minh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi tr\u1eddi. N\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i bao h\u00e0m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t”, cho n\u00ean, trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. “Thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng trong v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Trung Hoa v\u00e0 “thu\u1eadt chi\u00eam tinh” c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c “l\u1ea1p t\u1eed vi quan (h\u1ea1t vi m\u00f4)” c\u00f3 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o “t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng”; c\u00f2n khi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1o th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 “l\u1ea1p t\u1eed vi quan” c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 “th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa”, hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1p t\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng suy c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sinh t\u1ed3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ed3ng quan. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi “Ph\u00e1p”, v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 “Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t”. Y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cV\u1ecdng, v\u0103n, v\u1ea5n, thi\u1ebft\u201d (nh\u00ecn, ng\u1eedi, h\u1ecfi, b\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch), ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng “ch\u1ea9n m\u1ea1ch”, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, m\u1eaft, tai v\u00e0 “m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng” c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: (1) s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quy\u1ec1n thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 (2) s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh “l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vu kh\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. M\u1eddi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n
(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n