[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, y h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Philistion of Locri c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Plato \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0o y h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Alcmaeon v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Alcmaeon (Alcmaeon of Croton) tin r\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u201d, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c l\u00fd lu\u1eadn y h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cNguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m\u201d (Quinta Essentia hay Quintessence) n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cAether\u201d (Aether hay Ether). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb thu\u1edf s\u01a1 khai khi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng Ether c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Aristotle, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. \u1ede th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng cho r\u1eb1ng Ether l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng quan s\u00e1t n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, n\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u201cEther\u201d xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n Hy L\u1ea1p nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y Aether, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ed1i cao \u1edf Thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u00edt th\u1edf.<\/p>\n
C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n Gi\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cEther\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n Aether \u1edf tr\u00ean cao. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 \u1ea3o, h\u01b0 v\u00f4, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, vi di\u1ec7u, tinh khi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 vi quan tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m\u201d. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 N\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u1eeda v\u00e0 Kh\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ether v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u00f3 h\u1eb9p trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a lu\u00f4n coi tr\u1ecdng quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, trong s\u00e1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng Ether tinh t\u1ebf, thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 thanh tao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed quy t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n tr\u00ean cao, tuy l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t vi quan, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00c1 \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. Trong l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u0169 gi\u1edbi\u201d (Panca-dhatavah), c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u0169 lu\u00e2n\u201d, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d g\u1ed3m \u0110\u1ea5t, N\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u1eeda v\u00e0 Gi\u00f3, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u201cKh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi\u201d (Akasha) l\u00e0 n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cGodai\u201d \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u201cNg\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n
Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n Hy L\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Hades v\u00e0 Aether trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Thuy\u1ebft \u201cNg\u0169 gi\u1edbi\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i suy lu\u1eadn ra n\u0103m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t th\u00f4 s\u01a1, th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n sang c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 mang n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng quan ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t, N\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u1eeda, Gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t, N\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u1eeda, Kh\u00ed v\u00e0 Ether\u201d c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cChu D\u1ecbch\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00f9 l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng quy\u201d, t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/b><\/p>\n
N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat suy ngh\u0129: Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec. N\u00f3i chung, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m chung: nhi\u1ec1u quy ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c B\u00e0n C\u1ed5 khai thi\u00ean trong th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n trong t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i coi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n\u201d.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 v\u0103n minh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, thay th\u1ebf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u0169.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u0169, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh l\u00e0 do thi\u00ean tai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do chi\u1ebfn tranh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn g\u00e2y ra s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u0169 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n
\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo quy lu\u1eadt \u201cth\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, di\u1ec7t\u201d, n\u00ean khi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t vong th\u00ec y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n Th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i cao qu\u00fd thu\u1eadn theo \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i suy \u0111\u1ed3i m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung t\u00ecnh ti\u1ebft th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, tru\u1ef5 l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 “v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n\u201d.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n\u201d n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. Sau khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd l\u00e2u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n trong n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh m\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i: Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c theo th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i xa x\u01b0a \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ma qu\u1ef7\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cTruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n
\u2666 \u2666 \u2666 \u2666 \u2666<\/p>\n
Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ed9i dung v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trung dung. Th\u1ef1c ra, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u, v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, k\u00ednh mong qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n
T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n
\u2663 Aristotle,\u300a Metaphysica \u300b, 4th century BC<\/p>\n
\u2663 Aristotle,\u300a Politics \u300b, 4th century BC<\/p>\n
\u2663 Gustav Schwab,\u300a Die sch\u00f6nsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums \u300b, 1840<\/p>\n
\u2663 Herodotus,\u300a Histories \u300b, c. 430 BC<\/p>\n
\u2663 Hesiod,\u300a Works and Days \u300b, c. 700 BC<\/p>\n
\u2663 Jean-Georges Vibert,\u300a La Science de la peinture \u300b, 1891<\/p>\n
\u2663 Leonardo da Vinci,\u300a Trattato della pittura \u300b, 1651<\/p>\n
\u2663 Lucius Flavius Philostratus & Charles Daremberg,\u300a Philostrate\u00a0: Trait\u00e9 sur la Gymnastique \u300b, 1858<\/p>\n
\u2663 Plato,\u300a Apology \u300b, 399 BC<\/p>\n
\u2663 Plato,\u300a Phaedo \u300b, c. 399 BC<\/p>\n
\u2663 Plato,\u300a Republic \u300b, 375 BC<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
[ChanhKien.org] Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, y h\u1ecdc gia \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i Philistion of Locri c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Plato \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbt m\u00e0 \u00f4ng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,103],"tags":[356],"class_list":["post-27843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loat-bai","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-tu-tuong-triet-hoc-truyen-thong"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n