[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt Hiroshi Moriya \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 “Trinh Qu\u00e1n Ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu” trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch “\u0110\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3ng ngh\u0129a” c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTu k\u1ef7 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n\u201d. \u00d4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Nho h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tu b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed.<\/p>\n
Tu k\u1ef7 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu<\/b><\/p>\n
X\u00e9t t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng “Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3” m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn trong v\u00e0i b\u00e0i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, “Trinh Qu\u00e1n Ch\u00ednh Y\u1ebfu” m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u0169ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 vua \u2013 t\u00f4i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 – th\u1eddi Trinh Qu\u00e1n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00ean, th\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u00e1m n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi trung ng\u00f4n, qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i v\u1eabn t\u1eadn h\u1ebft ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0m vua<\/i>. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9ng minh, trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, m\u1ed7i khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec Qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean n\u00ean t\u1ea3ng t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu khuy\u1ebft, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
T\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tu s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1 th\u0103ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c. L\u0129nh ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00fang ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. Tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00ecm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a an \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, quy ch\u00ednh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi so\u1ea1n ra Trinh Qu\u00e1n Ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/i>, n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nho sinh th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n
T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u201ctu k\u1ef7 d\u0129 an nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n
T\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 M\u1ea1c Ph\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c Xuy\u00ean (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 M\u1ea1c ph\u1ee7 Edo), to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nho gia c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed. C\u00e1ch n\u00f3i tu k\u1ef7 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ebfn V\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a [Lu\u1eadn Ng\u1eef], \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed v\u1edbi T\u1eed l\u1ed9, n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
T\u1eed L\u1ed9 h\u1ecfi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n t\u1eed. Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed n\u00f3i: \u201cTu s\u1eeda ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d T\u1eed L\u1ed9 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady th\u00f4i \u01b0?\u201d Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed n\u00f3i: \u201cTu s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 an \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh.\u201d T\u1eed l\u1ed9 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady th\u00f4i \u01b0?\u201d Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed n\u00f3i: \u201cTu s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 an \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh. Tu s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 an \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh, d\u1eabu Vua Nghi\u00eau, Vua Thu\u1ea5n c\u00f2n lo ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c! (E r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta.)\u201d<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 khi Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f9y theo t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y, nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 h\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng ra nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u1eed L\u1ed9, ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a T\u1eed L\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ph\u00f2 t\u00e1 qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, an \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, v\u00ec th\u1ebf Kh\u00f4ng T\u1eed c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh cho \u00f4ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1eed. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i y\u00eau th\u00edch nghi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. \u1ede giai t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng nan \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng hay th\u1ea7n t\u1eed, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m lo gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb hay giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 T\u1eed L\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed th\u00edch gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Nho gia m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed d\u1ea1y cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Vua Nghi\u00eau Vua Thu\u1ea5n, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tu ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tu ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch cung k\u00ednh, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam k\u00ednh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00f4n ti tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch cung k\u00ednh, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, tuy r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n, th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa cha, m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cung k\u00ednh, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau. Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao, l\u1ea1i ban cho th\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung k\u00ednh, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n t\u1eed. D\u00f9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y sao c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2y? Cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y cho T\u1eed L\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea1t th\u00ec trong t\u00e2m t\u1ea5t sinh o\u00e1n h\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, an \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft xung quanh nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n
Cho n\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i tu s\u1eeda th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu x\u1ebfp \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u00ecnh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u1ecd t\u1ed9c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 r\u1ed3i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i trong thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh. Ch\u1eef \u201ck\u00ednh\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i tr\u00ed, cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed d\u1ea1y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i xem nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu s\u1eeda ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng lo kh\u00f4ng cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t qu\u1ed1c gia. Ch\u1ec9 3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu x\u1ebfp \u1ed5n th\u1ecfa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd tu th\u00e2n t\u1ec1 gia tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1eddi sau l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a nh\u01b0 Vua Nghi\u00eau Vua Thu\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u \u201cc\u1ed5 chi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb k\u1ef7\u201d c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n
R\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, ba c\u00e2u d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed v\u1edbi T\u1eed L\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c tu s\u1eeda m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, sau khi tu s\u1eeda n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1edbp sau l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sau khi tu \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng tu s\u1eeda b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, th\u00ec d\u00f9 l\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ea1n tham gia t\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh, l\u00e0m kinh doanh hay l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu th\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n m\u01b0u k\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, d\u00f9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 g\u00ec th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd th\u00ec nh\u01b0 nhau, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 to\u00e0n t\u00e0i, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 danh hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gia, nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia hay l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v.v. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng danh hi\u1ec7u do th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ra. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u00e2n sinh, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed m\u1edbi n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u1ed5 chi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, kim chi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n\u201d (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Hi\u1ebfn V\u1ea5n \u2013 [Lu\u1eadn Ng\u1eef]). C\u00e2u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 vinh hoa ph\u00fa qu\u00fd v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. M\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Chu c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tu ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 cao tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00f2n th\u1eddi nay, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u chinh chi\u1ebfn li\u00ean mi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tranh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ea5y vinh hoa ph\u00fa qu\u00fd cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00e3i \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee9a, \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i l\u1ec7ch, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t thu\u1ea7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m ph\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby, tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, ng\u01b0 long l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
T\u1eeb c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201cC\u1ed5 chi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, kim chi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb nh\u00e2n\u201d, ch\u00fang ta th\u00eam hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ee9c tu ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, vi ch\u00ednh d\u0129 \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f2ng ch\u00ednh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n trong n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y trung t\u00e2m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y “l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi”, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Trinh Qu\u00e1n Ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu<\/i>, \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nho h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ho\u00e0n m\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed cho qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh y\u1ebfu l\u0129nh tu s\u1eeda b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, tu ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, y\u00eau d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 con, tr\u00ean l\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi theo, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u201ctu k\u1ef7 d\u0129 an b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh\u201d.<\/p>\n