{"id":27109,"date":"2021-03-06T16:26:48","date_gmt":"2021-03-06T16:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=27109"},"modified":"2021-03-11T15:28:11","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T15:28:11","slug":"dich-dao-va-ngu-hanh-1-can-nguyen-cua-ngu-hanh-va-khai-niem-ve-ngu-hanh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2021\/03\/dich-dao-va-ngu-hanh-1-can-nguyen-cua-ngu-hanh-va-khai-niem-ve-ngu-hanh.html","title":{"rendered":"D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh (1): C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Chi\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec5n<\/i><\/p>\n

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1o trong Kinh D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, v\u0103n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tu luy\u1ec7n d\u1ed1c t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, thi\u00ean v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n,… \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn thu\u1eadt h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh (v\u1ec1 D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh). Sau \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 s\u1edf ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn ph\u1ea7n, bao g\u1ed3m: (1) C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh; (2) Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh; (3) S\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh; (4) Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1eafc; (5) H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh; (6) Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 B\u00e1t qu\u00e1i; (7) H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a D\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1o; (8) Qu\u1ebb d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; (9) Ra kh\u1ecfi Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh<\/p>\n

1. C\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh<\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia, n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, l\u00fd \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, t\u1eeb cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau, tinh th\u00e2m huy\u1ec1n \u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao h\u00e0m, l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u1ed1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia, v\u1eady n\u00ean trong \u201cKinh D\u1ecbch\u201d vi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u1ea5t \u00e2m nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng chi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d (m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o). \u0110\u1ea1o gia gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fd n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong l\u00fd \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eady n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng kh\u1ea3 d\u0129. Sau \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n sinh ra v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f4 c\u1ef1c sinh Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c\u201d. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u00f4 c\u1ef1c\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4\u201d, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d, V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ti\u00ean thi\u00ean. \u201cSinh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u201cTh\u00e1i c\u1ef1c\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eefu\u201d, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201c\u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong, Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1eadu thi\u00ean. Ch\u1eef \u201cv\u00f4\u201d trong V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cng\u00f4\u201d (ta, ch\u00fang ta), \u201cng\u1ed9\u201d, \u201cng\u0169\u201d, \u201cv\u1eadt\u201d (trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau, wu); ch\u1eef \u201cc\u1ef1c\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, c\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n, ch\u00ed c\u1ef1c, t\u1ed1i chung (cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng). V\u1eady c\u0169ng n\u00f3i, \u201cV\u00f4 c\u1ef1c\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4\u201d, \u201cc\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u1ed9\u201d, \u201cc\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u0169\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt\u201d (ng\u0169 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o gia m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u00ec l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gia m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3,…). H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u201cV\u00f4 c\u1ef1c\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta (ng\u00f4), l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 (ng\u1ed9), l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh (ng\u0169), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (v\u1eadt). Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ef1c \u0111oan) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta (ng\u00f4), l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ef1c \u0111oan) c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 (ng\u1ed9), l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ef1c \u0111oan) c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh (ng\u0169), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t (c\u1ef1c \u0111oan) c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (v\u1eadt). M\u00e0 l\u00fd \u201cV\u00f4 c\u1ef1c sinh Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0o. V\u1eady c\u0169ng n\u00f3i, trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec nguy\u00ean l\u00fd s\u1ea3n sinh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c sinh Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, v\u1eady th\u00ec V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh m\u1ec7nh trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i chung cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i sinh m\u1ec7nh t\u1ea7ng cao h\u01a1n m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn (th\u00ec V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 V\u00f4 c\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i chung m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gia m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf Ch\u1ee7. V\u1eady th\u00ec Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn t\u1edbi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf Ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh – l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ef1c\u201d c\u1ee7a \u201cng\u0169\u201d. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00fd \u201cV\u00f4 c\u1ef1c sinh Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c\u201d, sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

2. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh<\/b><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u201cNg\u0169 h\u00e0nh\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, hai ch\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ra m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh n\u00ean th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1eef \u201cng\u0169\u201d (H\u00e1n t\u1ef1) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u201cNg\u0169 h\u00e0nh\u201d, v\u1eady n\u00ean ta n\u00f3i, \u201cNg\u0169 h\u00e0nh\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i, l\u1ea1p t\u1eed v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t vi quan nh\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5t, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh (ng\u0169). M\u00e0 trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cti\u00ean thi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t kh\u00ed\u201d (\u5148\u5929\u4e00\u7081), hay \u201cnguy\u00ean kh\u00ed\u201d (\u5143\u7081) – kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (\u6c23). \u201cNguy\u00ean kh\u00ed\u201d n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u00ean thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cV\u00f4 c\u1ef1c\u201d, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, phi \u00e2m phi d\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh h\u1eadu thi\u00ean (kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5). Ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00ed\u201d (\u7081) n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m \u201cq\u00ec\u201d v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00ed\u201d (\u6c23), n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb hai b\u1ed9: b\u1ed9 k\u00fd (\u65e1) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 h\u1ecfa (\u706c\/\u706b). Ch\u1eef k\u00fd (\u65e1) \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m \u201cj\u00ec\u201d v\u1edbi ch\u1eef k\u00fd (\u65e2- \u0111\u00e3, h\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i), ch\u1eef h\u1ecfa (\u706b) \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. K\u00fd (\u65e1) th\u00f4ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi k\u00fd (\u65e2), m\u00e0 k\u00fd (\u65e2) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u1ef1c\u201d (\u6975) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u1edf t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh. Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5. N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 d\u0129.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh: kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan (ra \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m) c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh. V\u1eady n\u00ean trong kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5 th\u00ec k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u vi quan c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t bao h\u00e0m kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5. Kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1eady n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh trong th\u1ebf gian con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, kh\u00f4ng vi\u00ean dung.<\/p>\n

Trong \u201cKinh D\u1ecbch – H\u1ec7 t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d vi\u1ebft: \u201cH\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u00ecnh nhi h\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi kh\u00ed” (\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nhi h\u1ea1). Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y kia c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed ti\u00ean thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed ti\u00ean thi\u00ean t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh: kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5. C\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00ed ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, t\u1ea3n ra th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed (\u6c23), h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00ed (\u5668-kh\u00ed c\u1ee5, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn), kh\u00ed (\u5668) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d – l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do \u201ct\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n. Kh\u00ed (\u5668) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed (\u6c23) \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m, cho n\u00ean kh\u00ed (\u5668) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00ed (\u6c23), h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00ed (\u6c23). Tranh tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, truy danh c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i, n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng ra c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u1ea9u kh\u00ed (\u6c23).<\/p>\n

Trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1eady n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt do Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 \u00e2m c\u00f3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nam c\u00f3 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 duy trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh. V\u00ed nh\u01b0, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khoa h\u1ecdc: N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ed9c\u201d, b\u00e0n gh\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m t\u1eeb g\u1ed7, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 trung y cho r\u1eb1ng gan, m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng hai c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? H\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 \u0111i theo qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan (th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t), m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, v\u1eady n\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u201cm\u1ed9c\u201d trong kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5, x\u00e9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u00ec c\u00e1i kh\u00ed \u201cm\u1ed9c\u201d n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong vi quan, khi c\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i hoa c\u1ecf c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, hoa m\u00e0u rau \u0103n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc,… c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gan, m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f3c,… Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 ra, m\u1ed9c kh\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, \u00e2m lu\u1eadt, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebft m\u00f9a,… th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt sinh \u01b0 h\u1eefu, h\u1eefu sinh \u01b0 v\u00f4\u201d. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00ec: \u201ch\u1eefu\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00ed (\u6c23) c\u1ee7a kim, m\u1ed9c, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, th\u1ed5; \u201cv\u00f4\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cng\u0169\u201d, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u201cnguy\u00ean kh\u00ed\u201d, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00ed ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, l\u00e0 kh\u00ed nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef \u201cv\u00f4\u201d th\u00f4ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cng\u0169\u201d, \u201cv\u00f4\u201d ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u201d. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh huy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc (c\u00e1c m\u00f4n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed), v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00e0ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c, th\u1ef1c ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ea1o gia l\u00e0 tu Ch\u00e2n, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tu Ch\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c n\u00e0o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u00fd n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ra v\u1ebb huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kia m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u201chuy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ra, t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: http:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/262181<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chi\u1ebfu Vi\u1ec5n [ChanhKien.org] \u0110\u1ea1o trong Kinh D\u1ecbch v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft Ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. 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