{"id":26993,"date":"2021-01-21T20:58:32","date_gmt":"2021-01-21T20:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=26993"},"modified":"2025-05-31T03:51:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T20:51:07","slug":"dao-cua-chu-han-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2021\/01\/dao-cua-chu-han-5.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (5)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>[ChanhKien.org]<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>4. &#272;&#7841;o &#273;&#7889;i nh&acirc;n x&#7917; th&#7871;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave; anh linh c&#7911;a v&#7841;n v&#7853;t, t&#7845;t c&#7843; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong tr&#7901;i &#273;&#7845;t &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; v&igrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c an b&agrave;i. Trong s&#7921; t&#7915; bi m&agrave; thi&ecirc;n th&#432;&#7907;ng d&agrave;nh cho con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&ograve;n c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u nghi&ecirc;m kh&#7855;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7875; con ng&#432;&#7901;i minh x&aacute;c v&#7873; vi&#7879;c l&agrave;m th&#7871; n&agrave;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i nh&acirc;n x&#7917; th&#7871;, sau &#273;&acirc;y ch&uacute;ng ta h&atilde;y c&ugrave;ng nhau ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch c&aacute;c H&aacute;n t&#7921; b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c th&ecirc;m v&#7873; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&agrave;y.<\/p>\n<p>(1) Ch&#7919; Nho (&#20754;) K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Nho (&#20754;) l&agrave; g&#7891;m m&#7897;t b&#7897; nh&acirc;n &#273;&#7913;ng (&#20155;) k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i m&#7897;t ch&#7919; Nhu &#38656; (Nhu c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; nhu y&#7871;u, ch&#7881; s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t), &ldquo;Nh&acirc;n chi s&#7903; nhu vi Nho&rdquo;, &#273;&#7841;o l&yacute; m&agrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n minh b&#7841;ch ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i gi&aacute;o &#273;&#7841;o c&#7911;a Nho gia. B&#7903;i v&igrave; H&aacute;n t&#7921; l&agrave; v&#259;n h&oacute;a Th&#7847;n truy&#7873;n, v&igrave; v&#7853;y quy ph&#7841;m c&#7911;a Nho gi&aacute;o ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n l&agrave;m ng&#432;&#7901;i do Thi&ecirc;n &#273;&#7883;nh, l&#7841;i th&ocirc;ng qua nh&#7919;ng lu&#7853;n thu&#7853;t c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng b&#7853;c Th&aacute;nh hi&#7873;n trong Nho gia m&agrave; bi&#7875;u l&#7897; v&agrave; gi&aacute;o h&oacute;a cho con ng&#432;&#7901;i. Nho gia gi&#7843;ng Ng&#361; th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave;: Nh&acirc;n, Ngh&#297;a, L&#7877;, Tr&iacute;, T&iacute;n. Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng, th&#7871; nh&acirc;n ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m nay &#273;&atilde; bi&#7871;n d&#7883; &#273;&#7871;n n&#7895;i tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh &ldquo;b&#7845;t Nh&acirc;n, b&#7845;t Ngh&#297;a&rdquo;, &ldquo;b&#7845;t L&#7877;&rdquo;, &ldquo;b&#7845;t Tr&iacute;&rdquo;, th&#7853;m ch&iacute; c&ograve;n t&#7879; h&#7841;i &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c &#273;i&#7873;u g&igrave; c&#361;ng kh&ocirc;ng tin (tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh b&#7845;t T&iacute;n), v&igrave; v&#7853;y &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7919;a.<\/p>\n<p>(2) Ch&#7919; L&#7877; (&#31036;) Ch&iacute;nh th&#7875; c&#7911;a ch&#7919; L&#7877; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t l&agrave; (&#31150;), ch&#7919; L&#7877; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893; th&agrave;nh t&#7915; ba ch&#7919;, &#273;&oacute; l&agrave;: ch&#7919; Th&#7883; (&#31034;). ch&#7919; Kh&uacute;c (&#26354;) v&agrave; ch&#7919; &#272;&#7853;u (&#35910;). Th&#7883; l&agrave; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; cho s&#7921; g&#7863;p m&#7863;t, bi&#7875;u th&#7883; cho th&agrave;nh &yacute;; ch&#7919; Kh&uacute;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; cho t&#432; th&#7871; khom l&#432;ng, c&uacute;i g&#7853;p, th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7921; cung k&iacute;nh; c&ograve;n ch&#7919; &#272;&#7853;u (h&#7841;t &#273;&#7853;u) l&agrave; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; cho &#273;&#7891; v&#7853;t qu&yacute; gi&aacute;, b&#7903;i v&igrave; &#273;&#7853;u c&oacute; th&#7875; l&agrave;m ra d&#7847;u (d&#7847;u &#273;&#7853;u ph&#7897;ng, trong h&agrave;ng ng&#361; c&#7889;c th&igrave; &#273;&acirc;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xem l&agrave; v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr&#7883; nh&#7845;t). Ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; L&#7877; n&agrave;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave;: trong t&#432; th&#7871; khi&ecirc;m cung, tay &#273;em theo v&#7853;t ph&#7849;m c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr&#7883; m&agrave; c&uacute;i ng&#432;&#7901;i h&agrave;nh l&#7877; v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; s&#7921; l&#7877; ph&eacute;p, l&#7877; &#273;&#7897;, l&#7877; ti&#7871;t, l&#7877; nghi. Con ng&#432;&#7901;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i ng&agrave;y nay c&#361;ng v&#7851;n g&#7885;i vi&#7879;c bi&#7871;u t&#7863;ng l&agrave; s&#7921; &ldquo;bi&#7875;u th&#7883;&rdquo; cho m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u g&igrave; &#273;&oacute;. Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917; c&oacute; m&#7897;t c&acirc;u n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng: &ldquo;B&#7845;t tri l&#7877;, v&ocirc; d&#297; l&#7853;p d&atilde;.&rdquo; L&#7877; l&agrave; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#7875; an th&acirc;n l&#7853;p m&#7879;nh, mu&#7889;n h&agrave;nh &#273;&#7841;o l&yacute; th&igrave; tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&ecirc;n ph&#7843;i hi&#7875;u l&#7877; ngh&#297;a (ch&#7919; &ldquo;L&yacute;&rdquo; trong t&#7915; &ldquo;&#272;&#7841;o l&yacute;&rdquo; &#273;&#7891;ng &acirc;m v&#7899;i ch&#7919; L&#7877; trong t&#7915; &ldquo;L&#7877; ngh&#297;a&rdquo;, c&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7885;c l&agrave; &ldquo;l&#464;&rdquo;), c&oacute; L&#7877; r&#7891;i m&#7899;i c&oacute; L&#7907;i (l&#7907;i &iacute;ch) (L&#7877; v&agrave; L&#7907;i c&#361;ng c&oacute; &acirc;m t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng, L&#7907;i trong ti&#7871;ng Trung &acirc;m &#273;&#7885;c l&agrave; &ldquo;l&igrave;&rdquo;). Trong Chu D&#7883;ch, qu&#7867; Ly l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong t&aacute;m qu&#7867;, Ly vi H&#7887;a, vi Nh&#7853;t, vi V&#259;n, vi L&#7877;, vi L&#7879;; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&oacute; c&#361;ng &#273;&#7875; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng L&#7877; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;ng cho v&#259;n minh, c&#7893; nh&acirc;n cho r&#7857;ng nam n&#7919; l&agrave; c&oacute; kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t, gi&agrave; tr&#7867; l&agrave; c&oacute; t&ocirc;n ti tr&#7853;t t&#7921;, hai ng&#432;&#7901;i khi k&#7871;t giao v&#7899;i nhau th&igrave; c&#7847;n d&ugrave;ng L&#7877; m&agrave; &#273;&#7889;i &#273;&atilde;i v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kia, nh&#432; v&#7853;y m&#7899;i khi&#7871;n cho tr&#7853;t t&#7921; x&atilde; h&#7897;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh. V&igrave; v&#7853;y c&#7893; nh&acirc;n m&#7899;i n&oacute;i: &ldquo;L&#7877; gi&#7843;, thi&ecirc;n &#273;&#7883;a chi t&#7921; d&atilde;&rdquo; (Tr&iacute;ch trong &ldquo;L&#7877; K&yacute;&rdquo;).<\/p>\n<p>(3) Ch&#7919; Gi&aacute;o (&#25945;) Ch&iacute;nh th&#7875; c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Gi&aacute;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t l&agrave;: &#25934;, &ldquo;Th&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7903; thi, h&#7841; s&#7903; hi&#7879;u vi Gi&aacute;o&rdquo; (b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n thi tri&#7875;n, b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i b&#7855;t ch&#432;&#7899;c theo th&igrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; Gi&aacute;o), c&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i Gi&aacute;o t&#7913;c l&agrave; qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh truy&#7873;n th&#7909; &#273;&#7841;o l&yacute;, k&#7929; thu&#7853;t, k&#7929; n&#259;ng t&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#7885;c. Ch&iacute;nh th&#7875; c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Gi&aacute;o g&#7891;m c&oacute; ch&#7919; H&agrave;o (&#29243;), ch&#7919; T&#7917; (&#23376;), ch&#7919; Ph&#7889;c (&#25908;). Ch&#7919; H&agrave;o (&#29243;) c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p, b&#7855;t ch&#432;&#7899;c theo; ch&#7919; T&#7917; (&#23376;) l&agrave; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867;, h&#7885;c tr&ograve;; ch&#7919; Ph&#7889;c (&#25908;) c&oacute; ngh&#297;a &#273;&ocirc;n &#273;&#7889;c, th&uacute;c gi&#7909;c. Trong &ldquo;Trung Dung&rdquo; c&oacute; m&#7897;t c&acirc;u n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng: &ldquo;Tu &#273;&#7841;o chi v&#7883; gi&aacute;o&rdquo;. C&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng, m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch c&#259;n b&#7843;n c&#7911;a gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c l&agrave; d&#7841;y ng&#432;&#7901;i ta minh b&#7841;ch ph&#432;&#417;ng th&#7913;c tu &#273;&#7841;o. Th&#7871; nh&#432;ng, gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c ng&agrave;y nay l&agrave; d&#7921;a v&agrave;o thuy&#7871;t ti&#7871;n h&oacute;a v&agrave; thuy&#7871;t v&ocirc; th&#7847;n l&agrave; c&#417; s&#7903;, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c cho h&#7885;c sinh l&agrave; l&#7845;y m&#7841;nh hi&#7871;p y&#7871;u, kh&ocirc;ng h&#7873; gi&#7843;ng gi&#7843;i v&#7873; Thi&#7879;n v&agrave; &#272;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c, ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n l&agrave; &#273;&atilde; &#273;i ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i v&#7899;i chu&#7849;n t&#7855;c c&#7911;a &#272;&#7841;o.<\/p>\n<p>(4) Ch&#7919; D&#7909;c (&#32946;) H&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; D&#7909;c l&agrave; sinh d&#432;&#7905;ng, gi&aacute;o &#273;&#7841;o,v.v.. Trong &ldquo;Thuy&#7871;t v&#259;n gi&#7843;i t&#7921;&rdquo;, D&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch l&agrave;: D&#432;&#7905;ng t&#7917; s&#7917; t&aacute;c Thi&#7879;n d&atilde;. Trong c&#7893; v&#259;n, b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n ch&#7919; D&#7909;c l&agrave; ch&#7919; T&#7917; (&#23376;) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7907;c, b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i l&agrave; ch&#7919; Nh&#7909;c (&#32905;). Ch&#7919; T&#7917; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t ng&#432;&#7907;c ng&#7909; &yacute; l&agrave; ngh&#7883;ch t&#7917;, l&agrave; &#273;&#7913;a con kh&ocirc;ng v&#7915;a &yacute;, kh&ocirc;ng thu&#7853;n theo qu&#7843;n gi&aacute;o c&#7911;a cha m&#7865;, c&ograve;n b&#7897; Nh&#7909;c (&#32905;) t&igrave; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; cho nh&#7909;c th&acirc;n, cho th&acirc;n th&#7875;. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, t&#7915; k&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; D&#7909;c m&agrave; n&oacute;i, th&igrave; d&#432;&#7905;ng d&#7909;c con c&aacute;i kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; l&agrave; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o cho con c&oacute; m&#7897;t c&#417; th&#7875; kh&#7887;e m&#7841;nh, m&agrave; c&ograve;n ph&#7843;i gi&aacute;o &#273;&#7841;o cho con tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7913;c h&#432;&#7899;ng thi&#7879;n, b&#7857;ng kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7913;a tr&#7867; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7883;u qu&#7843;n gi&aacute;o, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; &#432;&#7899;c th&uacute;c th&igrave; c&#361;ng b&#7857;ng nh&#432; ngh&#7883;ch t&#7917;, &#273;&acirc;y c&#361;ng l&agrave; &#273;&#7841;o l&yacute; m&agrave; c&aacute;c b&#7853;c sinh th&agrave;nh c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i minh x&aacute;c.<\/p>\n<p>(5) Ch&#7919; H&ograve;a (&#21644;) K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; H&ograve;a bao g&#7891;m m&#7897;t ch&#7919; H&ograve;a &#31166; (c&acirc;y l&uacute;a) k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i m&#7897;t ch&#7919; Kh&#7849;u &#21475;, ch&#7919; Kh&#7849;u bi&#7875;u ngh&#297;a, c&ograve;n ch&#7919; H&ograve;a d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u thanh; ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; H&ograve;a l&agrave; h&agrave;i h&ograve;a, h&ograve;a &#273;i&#7879;u. B&#7897; Kh&#7849;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u ngh&#297;a trong ch&#7919; H&ograve;a, l&agrave; mu&#7889;n ch&#7881; r&#7857;ng bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a H&ograve;a trong quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; thi&#7879;n h&ograve;a, t&ugrave;y h&ograve;a, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; tranh ch&#7845;p c&atilde;i v&atilde; hay &#273;&#7845;u kh&#7849;u v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c. V&igrave; v&#7853;y trong &ldquo;Thuy&#7871;t v&#259;n gi&#7843;i t&#7921;&rdquo; H&ograve;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch th&agrave;nh: H&ograve;a, t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng d&atilde;. H&ograve;a v&agrave; H&#7907;p (&#21512;) l&#7841;i &#273;&#7891;ng &acirc;m, c&oacute; &yacute; t&#7909; h&#7885;p, t&#7853;p h&#7907;p; H&ograve;a l&#7841;i &#273;&#7889;i ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i Xung (&#20914;) (ph&agrave;m s&#7921; vi&#7879;c g&igrave; g&#7863;p xung &#273;&#7897;t s&#7869; tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n &#273;&#7893; v&#7905;). H&ograve;a l&agrave; t&#7853;p h&#7907;p &#273;i&#7873;u g&igrave;? L&agrave; t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&#7911;a nh&acirc;n l&#7921;c v&agrave; t&agrave;i v&#7853;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i x&#432;a vi&#7871;t H&ograve;a vi qu&yacute;, h&ograve;a kh&iacute; sinh t&agrave;i, gia h&ograve;a v&#7841;n s&#7921; vinh&hellip; N&#7871;u nh&#432; &#273;&#7913;ng d&#432;&#7899;i g&oacute;c &#273;&#7897; tu d&#432;&#7905;ng &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c m&agrave; n&oacute;i, th&igrave; b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a H&ograve;a ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; thi&#7879;n l&#432;&#417;ng v&agrave; khoan dung.<\/p>\n<p>(6) Ch&#7919; Hi&#7871;u (&#23389;) H&agrave;m &yacute; c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Hi&#7871;u l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; ph&#7909;ng d&#432;&#7905;ng v&agrave; t&ugrave;y thu&#7853;n c&#7911;a con c&aacute;i &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i cha m&#7865;. K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Hi&#7871;u l&agrave; ch&#7919; L&atilde;o (&#32769;) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7881;nh l&#432;&#7907;c, l&#7841;i th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o m&#7897;t ch&#7919; T&#7917; (&#23376;), L&atilde;o &#7903; b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n v&agrave; T&#7917; &#7903; b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i, ph&#7909; m&#7851;u &ldquo;th&#7883; thi&ecirc;n&rdquo;, con ng&#432;&#7901;i n&ecirc;n thu&#7853;n thi&ecirc;n nhi h&agrave;nh, v&igrave; v&#7853;y c&#7847;n gi&#7843;ng hi&#7871;u thu&#7853;n. Trong v&#259;n h&oacute;a truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng, Hi&#7871;u l&agrave; c&#259;n b&#7843;n c&#7911;a v&#259;n minh v&agrave; &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i, l&agrave; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a L&#7877;, &ldquo;b&aacute;ch thi&#7879;n Hi&#7871;u vi ti&ecirc;n&rdquo; (tr&#259;m vi&#7879;c l&#7845;y Hi&#7871;u ngh&#297;a l&agrave;m &#273;&#7847;u). V&igrave; v&#7853;y, ch&#7919; Gi&aacute;o (&#25945;) trong ch&#7919; &ldquo;Gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c&rdquo; (&#25945;&#32946;) th&igrave; ch&#7919; Hi&#7871;u (&#23389;) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t &#7903; ph&iacute;a tr&#432;&#7899;c, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n m&agrave; gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; d&#7841;y ng&#432;&#7901;i ta hi&#7871;u &#273;&#7841;o. C&#361;ng b&#7903;i v&igrave; ph&#7909; m&#7851;u l&agrave; c&#259;n b&#7843;n c&#7911;a sinh m&#7879;nh c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta, hi&#7871;u k&iacute;nh v&#7899;i ph&#7909; m&#7851;u c&#361;ng nh&#432; vi&#7879;c t&#432;&#7899;i n&#432;&#7899;c b&oacute;n ph&acirc;n v&agrave;o g&#7889;c c&acirc;y, v&#7853;y th&igrave; t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;n g&#7889;c s&#7869; s&acirc;u m&agrave; c&agrave;nh l&aacute; s&#7869; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7847;y, &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; n&oacute;i th&igrave; ch&aacute;u con s&#7869; h&#432;ng th&#7883;nh. &#272;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i ch&#7919; Hi&#7871;u (&#23389;) v&agrave; ch&#7919; Hi&#7879;u (&#25928;) &#273;&#7891;ng &acirc;m (c&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7885;c l&agrave; &ldquo;xi&agrave;o&rdquo;), Hi&#7879;u ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; noi theo, h&#7885;c t&#7853;p theo, b&#7903;i v&igrave; h&agrave;nh vi c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; tham chi&#7871;u cho con c&aacute;i, b&#7903;i v&#7853;y ph&agrave;m l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ai kh&ocirc;ng hi&#7871;u k&iacute;nh v&#7899;i cha m&#7865; th&igrave; b&#7843;n th&acirc;n con ch&aacute;u c&#7911;a h&#7885; c&#361;ng s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng hi&#7871;u k&iacute;nh v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&oacute;. Th&#7871; n&ecirc;n, t&#7915; g&oacute;c &#273;&#7897; n&agrave;y m&agrave; n&oacute;i, th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y &#273;&#7841;o hi&#7871;u ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; kh&#7903;i t&#7841;o h&#7841;nh ph&uacute;c cho tu&#7893;i gi&agrave; c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&acirc;n v&agrave; t&#432;&#417;ng lai cho t&#7845;t c&#7843; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&ecirc;n th&#7871; gian. Hi&#7871;u l&#7841;i &#273;&#7891;ng &acirc;m v&#7899;i Ti&#7871;u &ndash; c&#432;&#7901;i, n&#7909; c&#432;&#7901;i (&#31505;) (c&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7885;c l&agrave; &ldquo;xi&agrave;o&rsquo;), &ldquo;T&#7917; n&#7919; Hi&#7871;u t&#7855;c ph&#7909; m&#7851;u Ti&#7871;u, T&#7917; n&#7919; b&#7845;t Hi&#7871;u ph&#7909; m&#7851;u b&#7845;t Ti&#7871;u&rdquo; (con c&aacute;i hi&#7871;u thu&#7853;n th&igrave; cha m&#7865; c&#432;&#7901;i vui, con c&aacute;i b&#7845;t hi&#7871;u th&igrave; cha m&#7865; bu&#7891;n r&#7847;u &ndash; kh&ocirc;ng vui).<\/p>\n<p>(7) Ch&#7919; D&#361;ng (&#21191;) K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; D&#361;ng (&#21191;) g&#7891;m c&oacute; ch&#7919; D&#361;ng (&#29996;) th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o v&#7899;i ch&#7919; L&#7921;c (&#21147;), h&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a n&oacute; l&agrave; ki&ecirc;n d&#361;ng qu&#7843; c&#7843;m, kh&ocirc;ng l&#7909;y kh&ocirc;ng s&#7907;. Ch&#7919; D&#361;ng (&#29996;) b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n l&agrave; th&ocirc;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7919; D&#361;ng &#28044; (trong ch&#7919; n&agrave;y c&oacute; b&#7897; Th&#7911;y &#27701; ch&#7881; n&#432;&#7899;c), c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; d&#361;ng m&atilde;nh nh&#432; n&#432;&#7899;c t&#7915; trong su&#7889;i ngu&#7891;n ch&#7843;y ra; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i ch&#7919; D&#361;ng (&#29996;) c&ograve;n th&ocirc;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7919; V&#297;nh (&#27704;) (c&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7885;c l&agrave; &ldquo;y&#466;ng&rdquo;), nh&#432; v&#7853;y c&ograve;n mang h&agrave;m ngh&#297;a ch&#7881; v&#7873; s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7917;u l&acirc;u d&agrave;i. Ch&#7919; L&#7921;c (&#21147;) b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i c&oacute; h&agrave;m &yacute; l&agrave; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; l&#7921;c l&#432;&#7907;ng, s&#7921; chuy&ecirc;n c&#7847;n c&#7889; g&#7855;ng, c&#7893; nh&acirc;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;em nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; m&agrave; tinh th&#7847;n ch&#7841;m &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7873;u g&#7885;i l&agrave; L&#7921;c. C&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng, D&#361;ng kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; &#273;&#7843;m l&#432;&#7907;c v&agrave; d&#361;ng kh&iacute; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i, c&#361;ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7881; s&#7921; d&#361;ng m&atilde;nh trong m&#7897;t ch&#7889;c l&aacute;t, c&agrave;ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n b&#7915;a b&atilde;i b&#7873; ngo&agrave;i, m&agrave; m&agrave; m&#7897;t tr&#7841;ng th&aacute;i tinh th&#7847;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7843;o tr&igrave; l&acirc;u d&agrave;i t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i, l&agrave; ph&#7849;m ch&#7845;t c&#7847;n c&oacute; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913;u h&#7885;c v&#7845;n v&agrave; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i tu &#273;&#7841;o.<\/p>\n<p>(8) Ch&#7919; Gi&aacute; (&#23233;) K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Gi&aacute; l&agrave; ch&#7919; N&#7919; (&#22899;) th&ecirc;m v&#7899;i ch&#7919; Gia (&#23478;), ch&#7919; Gia &#7903; &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; mang ngh&#297;a l&agrave; tr&#7903; v&#7873; nh&agrave;, ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; &ldquo;v&#7873; nh&agrave;&rdquo; th&igrave; g&#7885;i l&agrave; Gi&aacute; (&#23233;). Trong ti&#7871;ng H&aacute;n c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i, ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; khi xu&#7845;t gi&aacute; c&#361;ng g&#7885;i l&agrave; Quy (&#24402;), Quy c&#361;ng mang h&agrave;m ngh&#297;a l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; tr&#7903; v&#7873;. B&#7903;i v&igrave; trong quan ni&#7879;m c&#7911;a v&#259;n h&oacute;a truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng, &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i n&#7919; nh&acirc;n m&agrave; n&oacute;i, nh&agrave; m&#7865; &#273;&#7867; th&igrave; v&#7851;n kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; nh&agrave; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, m&agrave; ch&#7881; l&agrave; n&#417;i g&#7917;i g&#7855;m nu&ocirc;i d&#432;&#7905;ng t&#7841;m th&#7901;i, nh&agrave; ch&#7891;ng m&#7899;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&agrave; nh&agrave; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, b&#7903;i v&#7853;y m&#7899;i n&oacute;i: &ldquo;N&#7919; &#273;&#7841;i &#273;ang gi&aacute;&rdquo;, ngh&#297;a l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i con g&aacute;i sau khi tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&agrave;nh r&#7891;i th&igrave; c&#7847;n n&ecirc;n &ldquo;xu&#7845;t gi&aacute;&rdquo; (tr&#7903; v&#7873; nh&agrave;). Ng&agrave;y nay c&oacute; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7867; tu&#7893;i kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; l&yacute; gi&#7843;i n&agrave;y, k&#7923; th&#7921;c m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7881; c&#7847;n ngh&#297; m&#7897;t ch&uacute;t v&#7873; m&#7865; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, ho&#7863;c ngh&#297; v&#7873; b&agrave; n&#7897;i, b&agrave; ngo&#7841;i c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh th&igrave; s&#7869; th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#417;i n&agrave;o m&#7899;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&agrave; nh&agrave; c&#7911;a h&#7885;.<\/p>\n<p>(9) Ch&#7919; H&#7843;o (&#22909;) K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; H&#7843;o l&agrave; m&#7897;t ch&#7919; N&#7919; (&#22899;) th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o m&#7897;t ch&#7919; T&#7917; (&#23376;), ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a n&oacute; l&agrave; M&#7929;, Thi&#7879;n. N&#7871;u nh&#432; t&#7915; tr&ecirc;n k&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; n&agrave;y m&agrave; x&eacute;t, th&igrave; s&#7921; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p c&#7911;a nam n&#7919; l&agrave; H&#7843;o. Trong &ldquo;D&#7883;ch truy&#7873;n&rdquo; c&oacute; m&#7897;t c&acirc;u r&#7857;ng: c&oacute; tr&#7901;i &#273;&#7845;t sau &#273;&oacute; c&oacute; v&#7841;n v&#7853;t, c&oacute; v&#7841;n v&#7853;t sau &#273;&oacute; c&oacute; nam n&#7919;, c&oacute; nam n&#7919; sau &#273;&oacute; c&oacute; v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng, c&oacute; v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng sau &#273;&oacute; c&oacute; cha con&hellip; C&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i, m&#7889;i duy&ecirc;n v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng l&agrave; duy&ecirc;n ph&#7853;n t&#7889;i s&#417; khai v&agrave; nguy&ecirc;n th&#7911;y nh&#7845;t gi&#7919;a ng&#432;&#7901;i Nam v&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i N&#7919;, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#361;ng l&agrave; duy&ecirc;n ph&#7853;n &#273;&#7865;p nh&#7845;t, thi&#7879;n nh&#7845;t v&agrave; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t, b&#7903;i th&#7871; cho n&ecirc;n gi&#7919;a v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng v&#7899;i nhau n&ecirc;n d&ugrave;ng t&acirc;m t&igrave;nh thu&#7847;n m&#7929; v&agrave; t&acirc;m th&aacute;i thi&#7879;n l&agrave;nh nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i &#273;&atilde;i, nh&#432; v&#7853;y m&#7899;i l&agrave; &ldquo;t&#7889;i H&#7843;o&rdquo; (t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t).<\/p>\n<p>(10) Ch&#7919; Quan (&#23448;) K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Quan (&#23448;) b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n l&agrave; m&#7897;t ch&#7919; Mi&ecirc;n (&#23424;), k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i m&#7897;t ch&#7919; D&#297; (&#14383;) &#7903; b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i, ch&#7919; n&agrave;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7881; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7843;m nh&#7853;n ch&#7913;c v&#7909; trong ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911;. Trong ti&#7871;ng H&aacute;n c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i, ch&#7919; D&#297; (&#14383;) l&agrave; th&ocirc;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7919; D&#297; (&#20197;), l&agrave; ch&#7881; l&agrave;m vi&#7879;c, ti&#7871;n h&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c. Ch&#7919; Quan (&#23448;) c&ograve;n th&ocirc;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7919; Qu&#7843;n (&#31649;), c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m, qu&#7843;n l&yacute;. C&aacute;c c&#7845;p b&#7853;c ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911; trong x&atilde; h&#7897;i nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; s&#7921; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a Ph&aacute;p v&#361; tr&#7909; t&#7841;i th&#7871; gian, m&agrave; &#7903; trong &#273;&oacute;, nh&#7919;ng quan ch&#7913;c kh&ocirc;ng c&ugrave;ng giai t&#7847;ng, b&#7845;t lu&#7853;n l&agrave; c&oacute; ch&#7913;c v&#7883; cao hay th&#7845;p th&igrave; &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7845;p ph&aacute;p h&agrave;nh s&#7921;, c&#361;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; ng&#361; quan c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i, m&#7895;i b&#7897; ph&#7853;n c&oacute; m&#7897;t ch&#7913;c v&#7909;, v&agrave; <a class=\"lar-automated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/chu-giai-tu-vung#cong_nang\" 28724 rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">c&ocirc;ng n&#259;ng<\/a> c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, ch&#7919; Quan (&#23448;) l&#7841;i &#273;&#7891;ng &acirc;m v&#7899;i ch&#7919; Quan &#20851; &ndash; quan &#7843;i (trong ti&#7871;ng H&aacute;n c&ugrave;ng c&oacute; &acirc;m &#273;&#7885;c l&agrave; &ldquo;gu&#257;n&rdquo;), c&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng, m&#7895;i s&#7921; vi&#7879;c m&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave;m quan ph&#7843;i x&#7917; l&yacute; c&#361;ng ch&iacute;nh nh&#432; m&#7897;t quan &#7843;i &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i h&#7885;, c&oacute; th&#7875; x&#7917; l&yacute; t&#7889;t hay kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave; c&ograve;n xem ng&#432;&#7901;i n&agrave;y c&oacute; c&ocirc;ng ch&iacute;nh ch&#7845;p ph&aacute;p, c&ocirc;ng t&#432; ph&acirc;n minh hay kh&ocirc;ng, b&#7903;i v&#7853;y m&#7899;i n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng l&agrave;m quan c&#361;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; tu h&agrave;nh, &#273;&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u c&#7911;a thi&ecirc;n th&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7863;t ra &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&oacute;m ng&#432;&#7901;i n&agrave;y, b&#7845;t lu&#7853;n l&agrave; h&#7885; c&oacute; &yacute; th&#7913;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y hay kh&ocirc;ng. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, trong x&atilde; h&#7897;i hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i ng&agrave;y nay, c&#417; h&#7891; nh&#432; xu&#7845;t ph&aacute;t &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave;m quan &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; v&#7883; t&#432;, b&#7903;i v&#7853;y h&#7885; c&#259;n b&#7843;n l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; quan ni&#7879;m v&#7873; s&#7921; tu h&agrave;nh, quan ch&#7913;c ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i l&#7841;i tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng sa &#273;&#7885;a v&agrave; b&#7841;i ho&#7841;i nhanh nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a b&#7897; ph&#7853;n nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i n&agrave;y.<\/p>\n<p>(11) Ch&#7919; Ch&iacute;nh (&#25919;) H&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; tr&#7883; l&yacute; c&aacute;c s&#7921; v&#7909; c&#7911;a qu&#7889;c gia, k&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a n&oacute; g&#7891;m ch&#7919; Ch&iacute;nh (&#27491;) k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ch&#7919; Ph&#7889;c (&#25909;), Ph&#7889;c ch&iacute;nh Ph&aacute;c (&#25908;). Ph&aacute;c c&oacute; ngh&#297;a ch&#7881; h&agrave;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&aacute;nh, g&otilde;, nguy&ecirc;n ngh&#297;a l&agrave; ch&#7881; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; th&ocirc;ng qua vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng roi da m&agrave; tr&#7883; v&igrave; d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng. C&ograve;n h&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a Ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; s&#7917;a &#273;&#7893;i, u&#7889;n n&#7855;n, quy ch&iacute;nh. C&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng, m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ch&#7845;p ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; gi&aacute;o &#273;&#7841;o b&aacute;ch t&iacute;nh tr&#259;m h&#7885; &#273;i tr&ecirc;n con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng ch&iacute;nh &#273;&#7841;o, nh&#432;ng ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7873; l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7845;p ch&iacute;nh ph&#7843;i t&#7921; m&igrave;nh &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; quang minh, ch&iacute;nh &#273;&#7841;i. V&#7853;y n&ecirc;n Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917; n&oacute;i: Ch&iacute;nh gi&#7843; ch&iacute;nh d&atilde;, t&#7917; so&aacute;i d&#297; ch&iacute;nh, th&#7909;c c&#7843;m b&#7845;t ch&iacute;nh (tr&iacute;ch trong ch&#432;&#417;ng Nhan Uy&ecirc;n &ndash; Lu&#7853;n Ng&#7919;), h&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a n&oacute; l&agrave;: &yacute; ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a Ch&iacute;nh (trong ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883;) c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; Ch&iacute;nh &#27491; &ndash; ch&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh, n&#7871;u nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; c&oacute; th&#7875; lu&ocirc;n kh&#7903;i t&aacute;c d&#7909;ng d&#7851;n d&#7855;t &#273;i &#273;&#7847;u, l&#7841;i th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7921; quang minh ch&iacute;nh &#273;&#7841;i th&igrave; ai c&oacute; th&#7875; d&aacute;m l&agrave;m &#273;i&#7873;u kh&ocirc;ng t&#7889;t &#273;&acirc;y. Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917; c&ograve;n n&oacute;i: &ldquo;Vi ch&iacute;nh d&#297; &#273;&#7913;c, th&iacute; nh&#432; B&#7855;c th&#7847;n, c&#432; k&#7923; s&#7903; nhi ch&uacute;ng sinh c&#7897;ng chi&rdquo; (Tr&iacute;ch trong ch&#432;&#417;ng Vi ch&iacute;nh &ndash; Lu&#7853;n Ng&#7919;), c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave;: n&#7871;u nh&#432; ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; c&oacute; th&#7875; d&#7921;a v&agrave;o &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c m&agrave; ti&#7871;n h&agrave;nh s&#7921; th&#7889;ng tr&#7883; c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, t&#7913;c l&agrave; l&#7845;y &ldquo;&#272;&#7913;c tr&#7883; thi&ecirc;n h&#7841;&rdquo;. th&#7871; th&igrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i trong thi&ecirc;n h&#7841; s&#7869; t&#7921; kh&#7855;c s&#7869; thu&#7847;n ph&#7909;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7845;y. N&#7871;u nh&#432; kh&ocirc;ng gi&#7843;ng &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c, kh&ocirc;ng h&agrave;nh &#273;&#7913;c ch&iacute;nh, v&#7853;y th&igrave; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883; s&#7869; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n bi&#7871;n ch&#7845;t tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh vi&#7879;c ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i, c&#361;ng b&#7857;ng nh&#432; chuy&ecirc;n ch&#7871;, b&#7841;o ng&#432;&#7907;c v&agrave; &aacute;c ch&iacute;nh v&#7853;y.<\/p>\n<p>(12) Ch&#7919; C&ocirc;ng (&#20844;) H&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; C&ocirc;ng l&agrave; ch&#7881; l&#7907;i &iacute;ch c&#7911;a qu&#7847;n ch&uacute;ng, ch&iacute;nh tr&#7921;c v&ocirc; t&#432;, c&ograve;n c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; b&igrave;nh &#273;&#7859;ng, kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&ecirc;n l&#7879;ch. K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; C&ocirc;ng g&#7891;m m&#7897;t ch&#7919; B&aacute;t (&#20843;) b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n, b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o m&#7897;t ch&#7919; T&#432; (&#21430;), trong c&#7893; v&#259;n Trung qu&#7889;c, th&igrave; ch&#7919; B&aacute;t l&agrave; th&ocirc;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7919; B&#7889;i (&#32972;), B&#7889;i ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ly khai, vi ph&#7841;m, m&agrave; ch&#7919; t&#432; (&#21430;) l&#7841;i th&ocirc;ng v&#7899;i v&#7899;i ch&#7919; T&#432; &ndash; t&#432; l&#7907;i (&#31169;), nh&#432; v&#7853;y th&igrave;: B&aacute;t T&#432; vi C&ocirc;ng &ndash; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; (ly khai) s&#7921; t&#432; l&#7907;i m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; C&ocirc;ng. &#272;&#7913;ng tr&ecirc;n k&#7871;t c&#7845;u ch&#7919; m&agrave; n&oacute;i, ch&#7919; T&#432; n&#7857;m b&ecirc;n d&#432;&#7899;i ch&#7919; B&aacute;t, v&igrave; v&#7853;y ch&#7919; C&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n c&oacute; m&#7897;t t&#7847;ng &yacute; ngh&#297;a kh&aacute;c, &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; trong x&atilde; h&#7897;i nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i ph&agrave;m l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ai d&#7845;y l&ecirc;n c&#7901; hi&#7879;u c&ocirc;ng ch&iacute;nh th&igrave; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; &#273;ang che gi&#7845;u m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch t&#432; l&#7907;i c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh, t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh &#273;&#7843;ng &#273;&#7873;u thu&#7897;c v&agrave;o lo&#7841;i n&agrave;y. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, ch&#7919; C&ocirc;ng l&#7841;i &#273;&#7891;ng &acirc;m v&#7899;i ch&#7919; C&ocirc;ng &ndash; trong t&#7915; &ldquo;c&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7913;c&rdquo; (&#21151;). C&ocirc;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7913;c, c&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7913;c l&agrave; c&#7897;i ngu&#7891;n c&#7911;a ph&uacute;c ph&#7853;n. V&igrave; v&#7853;y l&agrave;m ng&#432;&#7901;i th&igrave; c&#7847;n c&ocirc;ng t&acirc;m, c&oacute; c&ocirc;ng t&acirc;m m&#7899;i c&oacute; c&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7913;c, c&oacute; c&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7913;c r&#7891;i m&#7899;i c&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&uacute;c ph&#7853;n.<\/p>\n<p>(13) Ch&#7919; Cu&#7891;ng (&#29378;) K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Cu&#7891;ng l&agrave; g&#7891;m m&#7897;t ch&#7919; Khuy&#7875;n &ndash; con ch&oacute; (&#29357;) th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o v&#7899;i m&#7897;t ch&#7919; V&#432;&#417;ng (&#29579;), h&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a n&oacute; l&agrave; ch&#7881; con ch&oacute; d&#7841;i, sau n&agrave;y di&#7877;n ngh&#297;a ra &#273;&#7875; ch&#7881; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; th&#7847;n kinh m&#7845;t ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t, c&#361;ng l&agrave; ch&#7881; t&acirc;m th&aacute;i cu&#7891;ng nhi&#7879;t, m&atilde;nh li&#7879;t, kh&ocirc;ng b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng. Trong &ldquo;Qu&#7843;ng V&#7853;n&rdquo; c&oacute; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch r&#7857;ng: ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7879;nh l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; t&acirc;m kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7845;t, ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; cu&#7891;ng. T&#7915; k&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a ch&#7919; n&agrave;y m&agrave; x&eacute;t, th&igrave; b&#7897; Khuy&#7875;n (&#29357;) l&agrave; &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho th&uacute; th&iacute;nh, b&#7897; V&#432;&#417;ng (&#29579;) l&agrave; &#273;&#7841;i bi&#7875;u cho vi&#7879;c x&#432;ng v&#432;&#417;ng, x&#432;ng b&aacute;. C&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng, Cu&#7891;ng l&agrave; m&#7897;t tr&#7841;ng th&aacute;i b&#7879;nh l&yacute; c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i, n&#7871;u nh&#432; l&agrave;m ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c thanh t&#7881;nh v&#7873; ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; s&#7855;p &#273;&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&iacute;nh t&acirc;m th&aacute;i v&agrave; v&#7883; tr&iacute; c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh, n&#7871;u trong m&#7855;t ch&#7881; coi m&igrave;nh l&agrave; nh&#7845;t th&igrave; &#273;&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; &ldquo;Cu&#7891;ng nh&acirc;n&rdquo; v&#7853;y.<\/p>\n<p>(14) Ch&#7919; Ng&#7909;y (&#35809;) H&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Ng&#7909;y c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; gian tr&aacute;, b&#7883;p b&#7907;m, c&ograve;n c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; qu&aacute;i d&#7883;, b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng; Ng&#7909;y g&#7891;m c&oacute; hai b&#7897; gh&eacute;p th&agrave;nh: b&#7897; Ng&ocirc;n (&#35328;) v&agrave; b&#7897; Nguy (&#21361;). Ng&ocirc;n l&agrave; ch&#7881; ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919;, k&#7871; s&aacute;ch, c&aacute;ch n&oacute;i n&#259;ng; Nguy l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; nguy hi&#7875;m, nguy h&#7841;i, c&#361;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; n&oacute;i Ng&#7909;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; th&ocirc;ng qua nh&#7919;ng k&#7871; s&aacute;ch, l&#7901;i n&oacute;i c&#7911;a m&igrave;nh m&agrave; khi&#7871;n cho ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c l&acirc;m v&agrave;o t&igrave;nh c&#7843;nh nguy hi&#7875;m. Ng&#7909;y (&#35809;) l&#7841;i &#273;&#7891;ng &acirc;m v&#7899;i ch&#7919; Qu&#7927; (&#39740;) (c&ugrave;ng c&oacute; &acirc;m &#273;&#7885;c l&agrave; &ldquo;gu&#464;&rdquo;), v&igrave; v&#7853;y Ng&#7909;y k&#7871; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; Qu&#7927; k&#7871;. Nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; ma qu&#7927; v&agrave; t&agrave; &aacute;c khi h&#7841;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#432;&#7901;ng d&ugrave;ng Ng&#7909;y k&#7871; (qu&#7927; k&#7871;) l&agrave; v&igrave; v&#7853;y. Nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; &#273;a &#273;oan ng&#7909;y k&#7871; th&#432;&#7901;ng c&oacute; n&#7897;i t&acirc;m h&#7855;c &aacute;m, t&#7921; t&#432; t&agrave; &aacute;c, d&#7877; nh&#7853;p qu&#7927; &#273;&#7841;o, ma &#273;&#7841;o, cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng h&#7841;i m&igrave;nh h&#7841;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. B&#7903;i v&#7853;y, l&agrave;m ng&#432;&#7901;i th&igrave; c&#7847;n th&agrave;nh th&#7921;c, ch&iacute;nh tr&#7921;c, th&#7843;n &#273;&atilde;ng v&ocirc; t&#432;, l&#7907;i ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7907;i m&igrave;nh m&#7899;i l&agrave; ch&iacute;nh &#272;&#7841;o.<\/p>\n<p>(15) Ch&#7919; D&#7841;ng (&#26679;) Ch&iacute;nh th&#7875; c&#7911;a ch&#7919; D&#7841;ng vi&#7871;t l&agrave; &#27171;, c&oacute; ngh&#297;a ch&#7881; v&#7873; h&igrave;nh d&#7841;ng, ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n, d&#7841;ng b&#7843;n. K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a n&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#7907;p th&agrave;nh t&#7915; ba ch&#7919;: M&#7897;c (&#26408;), D&#432;&#417;ng (&#32650;&#65289; v&agrave; V&#297;nh (&#27704;). Trong nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; c&#7911;a Th&aacute;i c&#7921;c th&igrave; M&#7897;c &#273;&#7841;i bi&#7875;u cho &#272;&#7841;o, c&#361;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; Ch&acirc;n (&#30495;), m&agrave; ch&#7919; D&#432;&#417;ng l&#7841;i th&ocirc;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7919; T&#432;&#7901;ng (&#31077;), ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; Thi&#7879;n (&#21892;), V&#297;nh (&#27704;) l&#7841;i &#273;&#7841;i bi&#7875;u cho s&#7921; v&#297;nh h&#7857;ng b&#7845;t bi&#7871;n. C&#361;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng: D&#7841;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n, l&agrave; ph&aacute;p t&#7855;c, l&agrave; h&igrave;nh m&#7851;u (t&#7845;m g&#432;&#417;ng), s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng t&ugrave;y theo bi&#7871;n h&oacute;a c&#7911;a th&#7901;i kh&ocirc;ng m&agrave; bi&#7871;n h&oacute;a. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; n&oacute;i, mu&#7889;n s&#7889;ng cho t&#7889;t th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881; l&agrave; ch&#259;m ch&#259;m nh&#7855;m v&agrave;o vi&#7879;c &#273;o&#7841;t l&#7907;i &iacute;ch cho ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh m&agrave; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i l&agrave;m l&agrave; c&#7847;n khi&#7871;n cho &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c v&agrave; s&#7921; tu d&#432;&#7905;ng c&#7911;a b&#7843;n th&acirc;n m&igrave;nh ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849;n c&#7911;a Ch&acirc;n v&agrave; Thi&#7879;n, &#273;&acirc;y m&#7899;i l&agrave; Th&aacute;nh nh&acirc;n, m&#7899;i l&agrave; m&#7897;t &ldquo;h&igrave;nh m&#7851;u t&#7889;t&rdquo;.<\/p>\n<p>(16) Ch&#7919; T&ocirc;n (&#23562;) H&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; T&ocirc;n l&agrave; ch&#7881; s&#7921; cao qu&yacute;, t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng, c&#361;ng d&ugrave;ng &#273;&#7875; ch&#7881; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&oacute; &#273;&#7883;a v&#7883; v&agrave; ch&#7913;c ph&#7853;n cao. Trong H&aacute;n v&#259;n c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i, th&igrave; ch&#7919; T&ocirc;n c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch v&#7899;i ngh&#297;a l&agrave; chi&#7871;c c&#7889;c &#273;&#7921;ng r&#432;&#7907;u. K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a n&oacute; g&#7891;m m&#7897;t ch&#7919; T&ugrave; (&#37195;) th&ecirc;m v&agrave;o m&#7897;t ch&#7919; Th&#7889;n (&#23544;), ch&#7919; T&ugrave; l&agrave; ch&#7881; ch&#7913;c quan tr&#432;&#7903;ng qu&#7843;n tr&ocirc;ng coi vi&#7879;c n&#7845;u r&#432;&#7907;u, ngo&agrave;i ra c&ograve;n c&oacute; ngh&#297;a ch&#7881; v&#7873; s&#7921; xa x&#432;a ho&#7863;c s&#7921; th&agrave;nh th&#7909;c. Ch&#7919; Th&#7889;n trong H&aacute;n c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho ph&aacute;p t&#7855;c, quy &#432;&#7899;c. V&igrave; v&#7853;y n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng: ng&#432;&#7901;i tr&#432;&#7903;ng qu&#7843;n ph&aacute;p t&#7855;c ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; T&ocirc;n. C&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; n&oacute;i ch&#7881; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&agrave;nh th&#7909;c l&yacute; t&iacute;nh, trong t&acirc;m c&oacute; ph&aacute;p t&#7855;c, h&agrave;nh s&#7921; c&oacute; &#432;&#7899;c ch&#7871; m&#7899;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i cao qu&yacute; ch&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh, m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng. Nh&#7919;ng k&#7867; v&ocirc; ph&aacute;p v&ocirc; thi&ecirc;n, t&ugrave;y ti&#7879;n cu&#7891;ng v&#7885;ng th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&aacute;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&ocirc;n tr&#7885;ng, c&#361;ng ch&#7859;ng c&oacute; ch&uacute;t t&ocirc;n nghi&ecirc;m n&agrave;o c&oacute; th&#7875; n&oacute;i &#273;&#7871;n.<\/p>\n<p>(17) Ch&#7919; C&#7843;i (&#25913;) H&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; C&#7843;i l&agrave; c&#7843;i bi&#7871;n, tu ch&iacute;nh, g&#7891;m hai b&#7897; gh&eacute;p th&agrave;nh: &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; b&#7897; K&#7927; (&#24049;) v&agrave; b&#7897; Ph&#7889;c (&#25908;), Ph&#7889;c c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; g&otilde;, &#273;&#7853;p, di&#7877;n ngh&#297;a th&agrave;nh th&uacute;c gi&#7909;c, &#273;&ocirc;n &#273;&#7889;c. Ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; K&#7927; (&#24049;) ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng c&#7847;n c&#7843;i bi&#7871;n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; b&#7843;n th&acirc;n m&igrave;nh. Con ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7881; c&oacute; th&#7875; c&#7843;i bi&#7871;n ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh, r&#7845;t kh&oacute; &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i bi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&aacute;c. Trong &ldquo;D&#7883; truy&#7873;n&rdquo; c&oacute; vi&#7871;t: ng&#432;&#7901;i qu&acirc;n t&#7917; khi th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c thi&#7879;n th&igrave; s&#7869; chuy&#7875;n bi&#7871;n, c&oacute; l&#7895;i l&#7847;m th&igrave; s&#7869; l&#7853;p t&#7913;c s&#7917;a &#273;&#7893;i.<\/p>\n<p>(18) Ch&#7919; Qu&yacute; (&#36149;) H&agrave;m ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7919; Qu&yacute; l&agrave; ch&#7881; v&#7853;t c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr&#7883; cao, &#273;&#7883;a v&#7883; cao ho&#7863;c ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng cao. K&#7871;t c&#7845;u c&#7911;a n&oacute; g&#7891;m c&oacute; ba b&#7897; gh&eacute;p th&agrave;nh, &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; b&#7897; Trung (&#20013;), b&#7897; Nh&#7845;t (&#19968;) v&agrave; b&#7897; B&#7889;i &ndash; ti&#7873;n t&agrave;i (&#36125;), t&#7915; k&#7871;t c&#7845;u m&agrave; n&oacute;i th&igrave; &ldquo;c&#432; Trung, th&#7911; Nh&#7845;t, tr&#432;&#7903;ng B&#7889;i&rdquo; vi Qu&yacute;. Trong &#273;&oacute;, &ldquo;c&#432; Trung&rdquo; c&oacute; ngh&#297;a l&agrave; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;a v&#7883; ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave;m quan, &ldquo;th&#7911; Nh&#7845;t&rdquo; l&agrave; ki&#7871;n th&#7911; ch&iacute;nh &#272;&#7841;o, ki&ecirc;n &#273;&#7883;nh nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c, &ldquo;tr&#432;&#7903;ng B&#7889;i&rdquo; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; tr&#432;&#7903;ng qu&#7843;n v&agrave; s&#7903; h&#7919;u ti&#7873;n t&agrave;i. Trong th&#7871; &#273;&#7841;o h&ocirc;m nay, b&#7845;t lu&#7853;n l&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7911;a giai t&#7847;ng n&agrave;o th&igrave; &#273;a s&#7889; &#273;&#7873;u kh&ocirc;ng th&#7911; ch&iacute;nh &#273;&#7841;o, kh&ocirc;ng tr&#7885;ng quy t&#7855;c, b&#7903;i v&#7853;y &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &ldquo;phi Qu&yacute;&rdquo;, d&ugrave; c&oacute; &#273;&#7883;a v&#7883; v&agrave; ti&#7873;n b&#7841;c &#273;&#7871;n m&#7845;y th&igrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&oacute; c&#361;ng ch&#7881; l&agrave; &ldquo;ti&#7879;n nh&acirc;n&rdquo; m&agrave; th&ocirc;i.<\/p>\n<p>T&#7915; vi&#7879;c ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch c&aacute;c H&aacute;n t&#7921; b&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n ch&uacute;ng ta th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng, v&#259;n h&oacute;a Th&#7847;n truy&#7873;n quy ph&#7841;m m&#7885;i ph&#432;&#417;ng di&#7879;n c&#7911;a x&atilde; h&#7897;i nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i, t&#7915; quy ph&#7841;m l&agrave;m ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7911;a Nho gia, &#273;&#7841;o ngh&#297;a v&#7907; ch&#7891;ng, m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c gi&aacute;o d&#7909;c cho &#273;&#7871;n l&agrave;m quan ch&#7845;p ch&iacute;nh v.v&hellip; &#273;&#7873;u c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u r&#7845;t r&otilde; r&agrave;ng, &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; ph&#7843;i ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i &#273;&#7841;o c&#7911;a v&#361; tr&#7909; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i nh&acirc;n gian. X&atilde; h&#7897;i nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i n&#7871;u mu&#7889;n v&#297;nh h&#7857;ng d&agrave;i l&acirc;u, &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i mu&#7889;n tr&#7903; n&ecirc;n cao qu&yacute; l&#7841;i c&oacute; t&ocirc;n nghi&ecirc;m th&igrave; trong t&acirc;m t&#432;&#7903;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7873;u c&#7847;n th&#7901;i th&#7901;i kh&#7855;c kh&#7855;c b&#7843;o t&#7891;n ch&iacute;nh &#272;&#7841;o.<\/p>\n<p>D&#7883;ch t&#7915;: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/259206\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/259206<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-trans\" style=\"position: absolute; left: -2px; top: 0.857143px;\">\n<div class=\"gtx-trans-icon\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ChanhKien.org] 4. &#272;&#7841;o &#273;&#7889;i nh&acirc;n x&#7917; th&#7871; Con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave; anh linh c&#7911;a v&#7841;n v&#7853;t, t&#7845;t c&#7843; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong tr&#7901;i &#273;&#7845;t &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; v&igrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c an b&agrave;i. Trong s&#7921; t&#7915; bi m&agrave; thi&ecirc;n th&#432;&#7907;ng d&agrave;nh cho con ng&#432;&#7901;i c&ograve;n c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u nghi&ecirc;m kh&#7855;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7875; con [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,103],"tags":[281],"class_list":["post-26993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loat-bai","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-dao-cua-chu-han"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (5) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2021\/01\/dao-cua-chu-han-5.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (5) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[ChanhKien.org] 4. &#272;&#7841;o &#273;&#7889;i nh&acirc;n x&#7917; th&#7871; Con ng&#432;&#7901;i l&agrave; anh linh c&#7911;a v&#7841;n v&#7853;t, t&#7845;t c&#7843; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong tr&#7901;i &#273;&#7845;t &#273;&#7873;u l&agrave; v&igrave; con ng&#432;&#7901;i m&agrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c an b&agrave;i. 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