{"id":26833,"date":"2020-11-29T15:27:46","date_gmt":"2020-11-29T15:27:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=26833"},"modified":"2025-05-31T03:52:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T20:52:13","slug":"dao-cua-chu-han-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2020\/11\/dao-cua-chu-han-3.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org]<\/strong><\/p>\n

2. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh<\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong \u201cChu d\u1ecbch – H\u1ec7 T\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi \u0110\u1ea1o, h\u00ecnh nhi h\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi kh\u00ed\u201d. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quy lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u201cKh\u00ed\u201d (\u5668) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u00fang sinh h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh h\u1eefu s\u1eafc. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n

(1) Ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053)<\/p>\n

B\u1ed5n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, trong nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Th\u00e1i C\u1ef1c, \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc, quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u00fang sinh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2u ra \u0111\u1ea5y) l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053) m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec ch\u1eef n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u201cth\u1ee7\u201d (\u9996) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u201cs\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (\u8fb6) gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ee7\u201d (\u9996) v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 [c\u00e1i] \u0111\u1ea7u, suy r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u01a1ng [ch\u1ee7], ch\u00fang sinh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; ch\u1eef \u201cs\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (\u8fb6) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng [ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p] h\u1ed3i quy, quy ch\u00e2n (quy v\u1ecb), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053). N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n th\u00ec hai [n\u00e9t] ch\u1ea5m b\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ee7\u201d (\u9996) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft, ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t (\u4e00) \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho \u201cnh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t \u00fd\u201d (s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m, chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t); ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ef1\u201d (\u81ea) b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cs\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (\u8fb6) \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1eef \u201cS\u01b0\u201d (\u5e08)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cS\u01b0\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0: \u5e2b. C\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u201cS\u01b0\u201d (\u5e2b) l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00f4i\u201d (du\u012b \u5796), \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t, [\u0111\u1ed1ng] \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e1p\u201d (z\u0101 \u5e00) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bao v\u00e2y xung quanh; nh\u00ecn xung quanh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u. H\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea7y [c\u00f4] gi\u00e1o, ti\u00ean sinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, v.v.. ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 noi theo, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec ch\u1eef \u201cS\u01b0\u201d (\u5e2b) v\u1ed1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cso\u00e1i\u201d (\u5e05). \u201cNh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n \u201cso\u00e1i\u201d (\u5e05) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cso\u00e1t\u201d (\u7387) trong ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u00ean ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cs\u01b0\u201d (\u5e2b) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1o so\u00e1i l\u00e0m s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 [ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u]. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e0m l\u00e0 s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 (ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean [ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft] nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1o, hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00ec t\u00f4n [tr\u1ecdng] th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n [tr\u1ecdng] \u0110\u1ea1o, [m\u00e0] tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ea1o m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh t\u00f4n [tr\u1ecdng] s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

(3) Ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u1ea7n\u201d (\u795e)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u1ea7n\u201d (\u795e) l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u793a, ch\u1eef \u793b c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u793a ) th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00e2n\u201d (\u7533). \u201cTh\u1ecb\u201d (\u793a) l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eef \u201cth\u00e2n\u201d (\u7533) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0110\u1ea1o, g\u1ee3i m\u1edf, m\u1edf ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh di\u1ec5n h\u00f3a hay s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt – nguy\u1ec7t – tinh – th\u1eddi (m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng – c\u00e1c v\u00ec tinh t\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u1ea7n). B\u1edfi v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc \u201cd\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u1edf trong m\u00ea n\u00ean Th\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u00f9ng di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sinh c\u01a1 b\u1eebng b\u1eebng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

(4) Ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u1eadt\u201d (\u4f5b)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u1eadt\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng (\u4ebb) b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea5t\u201d (\u5f17 – tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf). Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u1eadt\u201d m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u201cph\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n\u201d (\u5f17\u4eba) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 phi gi\u1ea3. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb s\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m cho t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng [h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi], ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1eef th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu th\u00e0nh, th\u00ec cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu v\u1eabn gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(5) Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u0103ng\u201d (\u50e7)<\/p>\n

B\u1ed5n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cT\u0103ng\u201d (\u50e7) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tu h\u00e0nh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d (\u4ebb) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eb1ng\u201d (\u66fe). Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eb1ng\u201d (\u66fe) l\u00e0 t\u1eebng [tr\u1ea3i] qua, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng; v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1eef m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec \u201cT\u0103ng\u201d (\u50e7) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean sinh m\u1ec7nh cao t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gia hay \u0110\u1ea1o gia, m\u1ed9t khi b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 chuy\u00ean tu th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i. B\u1edfi v\u1eady y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u0103ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1eddi th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kh\u1eafc th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eadt cao.<\/p>\n

(6) Ch\u1eef \u201cQu\u1ef7\u201d (\u9b3c)<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u201cQu\u1ef7\u201d (\u9b3c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba ch\u1eef: ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea5t\u201d (\u7536), ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d (\u4eba) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1ed7\u201d (\u53b6); trong \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cph\u1ea5t\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con ma, \u201cm\u1ed7\u201d (\u53b6) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u201d (\u79c1 – t\u01b0 t\u00e2m, v\u1ecb t\u01b0). Trong \u201cThuy\u1ebft v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ef1\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: nh\u00e2n chi s\u1edf quy vi qu\u1ef7. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, t\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ef7\u201d m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ef7 (ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea5t\u201d – \u7536), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ef7 (ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1ed7\u201d – \u53b6) th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd quy v\u1ec1 qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u t\u00f3c d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y t\u01b0 t\u00e2m \u00edch k\u1ef7, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t lo l\u1eafng cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

(7) Ch\u1eef \u201cNgo\u1ea1n\u201d (\u73a9)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cngo\u1ea1n\u201d (\u73a9) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d (\u7389) th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnguy\u00ean\u201d (\u5143). Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i, s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00eau \u0111\u00f9a, b\u1ee1n c\u1ee3t, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec \u201cng\u1ecdc\u201d (\u7389) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a, \u201cnguy\u00ean\u201d (\u5143) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sinh t\u1ed3n ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec sinh m\u1ec7nh trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao t\u1ea7ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u00edch ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u1edf trong ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 T\u00f4n Ng\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00fai Ng\u0169 H\u00e0nh S\u01a1n, l\u00fac n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n \u201cch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c [v\u1ecdng], ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ham ch\u01a1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd th\u1eddi gian, tu \u0110\u1ea1o quy ch\u00e2n, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u201cch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u1eef \u201cngo\u1ea1n\u201d (\u73a9) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cho\u00e0n\u201d (\u5b8c – k\u1ebft th\u00fac, h\u1ebft), n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t khi ham ch\u01a1i [b\u1eddi] th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac (\u5b8c\u86cb \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9t, h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3).<\/p>\n

(8) Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u00ednh\u201d (\u6027)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d (\u6027) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee9ng\u201d (\u5fc4) th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201csinh\u201d (\u751f) b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. T\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tinh th\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n \u201csinh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sinh m\u1ec7nh. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1edbi n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1 t\u00ednh\u201d. V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Trong \u201cTrung \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh chi v\u1ecb t\u00ednh. Thi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh m\u1ec7nh s\u01a1 khai v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o) ban cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u201cT\u00ednh\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh hay thi\u00ean t\u00ednh. M\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh nam n\u1eef c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1ed5n t\u00ednh [ti\u00ean thi\u00ean] c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o) ban cho v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p (\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o). Ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1o t\u00e2m v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u00e2n chi s\u01a1, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n thi\u1ec7n\u201d. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n d\u0129 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u01b0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u00ea m\u1edd m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh, v\u1eady th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u01b0 t\u00e2m t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

(9) Ch\u1eef \u201cNguy\u00ean\u201d (\u5143)<\/p>\n

B\u1ed5n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cnguy\u00ean\u201d (\u5143) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 [c\u00e1i] \u0111\u1ea7u, to l\u1edbn, nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, v,v. c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7, th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh v,v..K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ed9t\u201d (\u5140). Nh\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o, cao m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u201cng\u1ed9t\u201d (\u5140). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00f4 c\u1ef1c (\u0110\u1ea1o); v\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng to kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u1ea3n sinh ra nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 [qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh] ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed5n quy ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

(10) Ch\u1eef \u201cQuang\u201d (\u5149)<\/p>\n

Trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eef \u201cquang\u201d (\u5149) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0: \u201c\u706e\u201d, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecfa\u201d (\u706b) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cnhi\u201d (\u513f), nhi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: l\u1eeda tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quang. Xung quanh th\u00e2n [th\u1ec3] m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh quang huy, t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cTr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t ba th\u01b0\u1edbc [l\u00e0] c\u00f3 [\u00e1nh] l\u1eeda (\u00e1nh quang huy)\u201d. Ba th\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea1m vi tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi; sinh m\u1ec7nh cao t\u1ea7ng xem ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a tam gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 [kh\u00f4ng gian] n\u01a1i ba th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i: tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ba th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n linh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 [to] l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ba th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, v\u00ec v\u1eady T\u00f4n Ng\u1ed9 Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3i m\u00e3i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra ngo\u00e0i b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5. C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu luy\u1ec7n trong \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec \u00e1nh quang huy m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e0ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, c\u00e0ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, th\u1ebf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf g\u1ea7n h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 duy\u00ean ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd \u00edch. Khi \u00e1nh quang huy c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd t\u1ed1i (x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt) th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 [t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh] \u0111ang \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c g\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec7n xui x\u1ebbo. Khi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u1edf v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00ednh kh\u00ed, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u00e1nh quang [huy] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 l\u00fac thu\u1eadn bu\u1ed3m xu\u00f4i gi\u00f3, t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

(11) Ch\u1eef \u201cKh\u01b0\u201d (\u53b6)<\/p>\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u01b0\u201d (\u53b6) ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ct\u01b0\u201d (\u79c1) ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u01b0\u201d (\u53b6) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1o, ch\u1ed3n, nh\u00edm, r\u1eafn, chu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb th\u00edch l\u00e0m ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ch\u1ec9nh khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef V, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c l\u1ed9n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00fac ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m ph\u00fac ph\u1eadn. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0 ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t ch\u1eef V n\u00e0y. Ngo\u00e0i ra trong nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nham hi\u1ec3m th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u1ef1 t\u01b0. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999, c\u01a1 quan h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7t qu\u1ef7, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a [chi\u1ebfc] m\u1eb7t qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

(12) Ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i\u201d (\u5927)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i\u201d (\u5927) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00) th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d (\u4eba). Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho \u0110\u1ea1o, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 trong \u201cThuy\u1ebft v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ef1\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1ea5t, s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d, ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Trong \u201cHo\u00e0i Nam T\u1eed Thuy\u00ean Ng\u00f4n\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: nh\u1ea5t d\u00e3 gi\u1ea3, v\u1eadt v\u1eadt chi b\u1ea3n d\u00e3 (nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt). Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cL\u00e3o t\u1eed\u201d c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n b\u00e3o nh\u1ea5t d\u0129 vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t nhi v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb (B\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n l\u1ea5y \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, \u0111\u1eafc \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u). B\u1edfi th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean, t\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 [ng\u01b0\u1eddi] \u201cto l\u1edbn\u201d nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m, ch\u1eef \u201ct\u01b0\u201d (\u79c1 – trong t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u00e2m \u79c1\u5fc3 ) c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ct\u01b0\u201d (\u4e1d – trong t\u1eeb \u201cty h\u00e0o\u201d \u4e1d\u6beb, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, \u00edt), c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, t\u01b0 t\u00e2m qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u201cti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n\u201d (\u5c0f\u4eba).<\/p>\n

(13) Ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5)<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5) v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy ph\u1ea1m hay \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta noi theo v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v.v.. T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1o ra thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u00fang sinh, l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh m\u1ec7nh trong to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ph\u1eadt gia g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea1o gia g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5). Ba d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m th\u1ee7y \u201c\u6c35\u201d th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ee9\u201d (\u53bb) th\u00ec c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5)\u00a0; ph\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y qua, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn sinh c\u01a1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi nhu\u1ea7n v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u b\u1ea9n, khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 \u0111i qua s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh. Trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c kinh\u201d c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y, th\u1ee7y thi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt nhi b\u1ea5t tranh\u201d (B\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tranh gi\u00e0nh). Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang sinh, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ch\u00fang sinh, t\u1ea9y t\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea1t\u201d (\u7f5a) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a cho r\u1eb1ng, ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u201cph\u1ea1t\u201d kh\u00e1c (\u4f10); kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u00ec s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea3o ph\u1ea1t (\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p). Ngo\u00e0i ra \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cph\u00e1t\u201d (\u53d1) ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng: ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd h\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

(14) Ch\u1eef \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b)<\/p>\n

H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cch\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b) l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00f4ng, t\u1ec3 v.v. ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b). K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cch\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e36) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh. \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e36) c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb phi, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v.v.. Ch\u1eef \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb \u201cnguy\u00ean th\u1ee7\u201d th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hay m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, v\u1ecb \u201cch\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e36) \u1edf tr\u00ean \u201cv\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (\u738b) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b), b\u1eadc ph\u00e2n phong cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7, \u201cv\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng chi v\u01b0\u01a1ng vi ch\u1ee7\u201d (Ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u01a1ng). Ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u00fd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00fac ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 vinh di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do Ch\u1ee7 ban cho, \u0111i\u1ec1u Ch\u1ee7 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 \u00fd (\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 v\u01b0\u01a1ng) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc, trong t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc th\u00ec m\u1edbi thu\u1eadn t\u00f9ng theo thi\u00ean \u00fd, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ban ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n

(15) Ch\u1eef \u201cMi\u1ebfu\u201d (\u5e99)<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 ch\u1eef \u201cmi\u1ebfu\u201d (\u5e99) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0: \u201c\u5edf\u201d. Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1eef mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1ea1o\u201d (\u8c8c) l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong mi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1eadu nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ti\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5. Cho n\u00ean trong \u201cThuy\u1ebft v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ef1\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb \u201cmi\u1ebfu\u201d th\u00e0nh t\u00f4n k\u00ednh dung m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean t\u1ed5. Trong c\u00e1c mi\u1ebfu th\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ba t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Nho Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1o, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a [ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh] c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh. Ch\u1eef \u201cmi\u1ebfu\u201d (\u5e99) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cdi\u1ec7u\u201d (\u5999), v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n \u1edf trong mi\u1ebfu [th\u1edd] th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 minh t\u1ecf di\u1ec7u l\u00fd, ng\u1ed9 di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1o. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cmi\u1ebfu\u201d (\u5edf) l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ea3ng\u201d (\u5e7f) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ctri\u1ec1u\u201d (\u671d) h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh. Trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cqu\u1ea3ng\u201d l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eef \u201ctri\u1ec1u\u201d l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho [h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng] l\u1ea1y ch\u1ea7u, th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 mi\u1ebfu (coi gi\u1eef t\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu) ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 coi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng Th\u1ea7n – Ph\u1eadt – B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn h\u1ecd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t di\u1ec7u\u201d (\u4e0d\u5999 – kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng linh di\u1ec7u, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u201cdi\u1ec7u\u201d – \u5999 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00ean tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 b\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00ec n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053), \u201cTh\u1ea7n\u201d (\u795e), \u201cCh\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b), \u201cPh\u00e1p\u201d (\u6cd5) v.v.. th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i tinh th\u00e2m, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn thu\u1eadt trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh m\u1ec7nh trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 ch\u00e2n tu kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m tham ng\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hay ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n t\u1ef1?<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/259204<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org] 2. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh Trong \u201cChu d\u1ecbch – H\u1ec7 T\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi \u0110\u1ea1o, h\u00ecnh nhi h\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi kh\u00ed\u201d. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d (\u9053) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quy lu\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u201cKh\u00ed\u201d (\u5668) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,103],"tags":[281],"class_list":["post-26833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loat-bai","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-dao-cua-chu-han"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (3) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2020\/11\/dao-cua-chu-han-3.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (3) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Chanhkien.org] 2. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh Trong \u201cChu d\u1ecbch – H\u1ec7 T\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi \u0110\u1ea1o, h\u00ecnh nhi h\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi kh\u00ed\u201d. 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Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh Trong \u201cChu d\u1ecbch – H\u1ec7 T\u1eeb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u00ecnh nhi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi \u0110\u1ea1o, h\u00ecnh nhi h\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb chi kh\u00ed\u201d. 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