{"id":26722,"date":"2020-10-18T09:53:20","date_gmt":"2020-10-18T09:53:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=26722"},"modified":"2025-05-31T03:50:43","modified_gmt":"2025-05-30T20:50:43","slug":"dao-cua-chu-han-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2020\/10\/dao-cua-chu-han-2.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org]<\/strong><\/p>\n

3. Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o, v.v. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec3m [c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi] tu luy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i xin ph\u00e9p \u0111em m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 tu luy\u1ec7n h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft ra, hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m ng\u1ed9 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

1. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cD\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n – T\u1ef1 qu\u00e1i\u201d c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, sau c\u00f3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt; c\u00f3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt sau c\u00f3 nam n\u1eef\u201d. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n suy ng\u1eabm \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u, v.v. M\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(1) Ch\u1eef \u201cThi\u00ean\u201d (\u5929)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cThi\u00ean\u201d (\u5929) l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i\u201d (\u5927) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Trong \u201cThuy\u1ebft v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ef1\u201d c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Thi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh tr\u00ean, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed cao v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1eef “Thi\u00ean” l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ch\u1eef nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn thu\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i (c\u00e1i to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean\u201d. L\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00) c\u00f3 mang h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o, v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o (S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf Ch\u1ee7) \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cThi\u00ean\u201d. \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u00fd. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec thi\u00ean \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i, thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo thi\u00ean \u00fd.<\/p>\n

(2) Ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u1ecba\u201d (\u5730)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d (\u5730) c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u201cth\u1ed5\u201d (\u571f) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cd\u00e3\u201d (\u4e5f); \u201cth\u1ed5\u201d l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t\u201d (\u5730 – \u0111\u1ecba), c\u00f2n \u201cd\u00e3\u201d (\u4e5f) l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00ed, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ed5\u201d. Trong H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u201cthi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, \u201cthi\u00ean\u201d \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian, \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho kh\u00f4ng gian. T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ed5 (\u0111\u1ea5t), kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u00e0 th\u1ed5, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh \u201ckim m\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y h\u1ecfa th\u1ed5\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ed5. Trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh cao t\u1ea7ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi [t\u1eeb c\u00f5i cao] \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u00f9i trong \u0111\u1ea5t (khi ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ed5\u201d [\u571f] gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cl\u00ed\u201d [\u91cc – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00ean trong] s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef \u201cmai\u201d [\u57cb] – c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00f4n, v\u00f9i, che l\u1ea5p). V\u1eady n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u201cv\u00f9i\u201d trong m\u00ea, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb m\u00ea l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

(3) Ch\u1eef \u201c\u0110\u00ea\u201d (\u4f4e) – th\u1ea5p, c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng, h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00ea\u201d (\u4f4e) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ccao\u201d (\u9ad8 – cao l\u1edbn). \u201c\u0110\u00ea\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00ea\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m tr\u0129u xu\u1ed1ng. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d (\u4ebb) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ec3\u201d (\u6c10). H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ec3\u201d (\u6c10) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i (nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef ch\u00ed trong t\u1eeb B\u1eafc ch\u00ed Nam), \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. D\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m (\u4e36) d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ec3\u201d (\u6c10) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00), \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. \u201cNh\u1ea5t\u201d (\u4e00) l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o, ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o [\u1edf n\u01a1i] th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00e2m (trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n) v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00ea\u201d (\u4f4e) c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ec3\u201d (\u5e95 – \u0111\u00e1y) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u1ecba\u201d (\u5730 – \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t). B\u1edfi th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201c\u0111\u00ea\u201d (\u4f4e) m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean trong khi x\u1eed s\u1ef1 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n, th\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

(4) Ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u1ecb\u201d (\u89c6)<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u89c6) l\u00e0 \u201cchi\u00eam\u201d (\u77bb – ng\u1eeda m\u1eb7t l\u00ean nh\u00ecn – nh\u01b0 chi\u00eam tinh), l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00e1n\u201d (\u770b – nh\u00ecn), ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u89c6) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh: \u8996. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh thanh thanh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1ed9i \u00fd. Ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1ecb\u201d (\u4e8c) b\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u793a, ch\u1eef \u793bc\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u793a ) trong H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1ee3ng – \u201c\u4e0a\u201d \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1eddi, ba n\u00e9t b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho \u201cnh\u1eadt\u201d (\u65e5 – m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi), \u201cnguy\u1ec7t\u201d (\u6708 – m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng), \u201ctinh\u201d (\u661f – v\u00ec sao, tinh c\u1ea7u). H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u793a) trong H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 l\u00e0: Tr\u1eddi gi\u00e1ng thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1t hung, tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong ch\u1eef \u201cki\u1ebfn\u201d (\u898b – nh\u00ecn) c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1ee5c\u201d (\u76ee) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cnhi\u201d (\u513f); m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft, nhi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, [h\u00ecnh] \u1ea3nh nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong m\u1eaft th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cki\u1ebfn\u201d (nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y). V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u8996) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng: vi\u1ec7c thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u8996). \u00c2m \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u793a), v\u1eady n\u00ean tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u793a); \u00fd n\u00f3i \u201cth\u1ecb\u201d (\u793a) t\u1ea1i ti\u00ean, \u201cki\u1ebfn\u201d (\u898b) t\u1ea1i h\u1eadu. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 to nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1n tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

(5) Ch\u1eef \u201cNh\u00e2n\u201d (\u4eba)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d (\u4eba) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t ph\u1ea9y (\u4e3f) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t m\u00e1c ( \u4e40 ) , t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t \u00e2m, m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00e2m; tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi (nh\u00e2n). Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, \u201cc\u00f4 \u00e2m b\u1ea5t sinh, \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d (n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt). Ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2m\u201d (\u58ec), trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, nh\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean can (th\u1eadp can) – \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01b0\u1edbc trong bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u00e0i\u201d (\u5b69 – \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb) l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ee3i\u201d (\u4ea5) \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ea1nh ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00fd\u201d (\u5b50). H\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 12 \u0111\u1ecba chi, x\u00e9t theo ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y. B\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u1edbi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ti\u1ebfng Trung c\u00f3 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee7y\u201d, \u201cth\u1ee7y\u201d (\u6c34) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi \u201cth\u00f9y\u201d (\u8c01 – ai?), b\u1edfi th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ai. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u201cth\u1ee7y\u201d (\u6c34) c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi \u201cth\u1ee5y\u201d (\u7761 – gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p m\u00ea b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec ba ng\u00f4i \u201cThi\u00ean – \u0110\u1ecba – Nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctam t\u00e0i\u201d, th\u1ebf n\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00f4n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 anh linh trong v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

(6) Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1eed\u201d (\u6b7b)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1eed\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ea1t\u201d (\u6b79) th\u00eam v\u00e0o ch\u1eef \u201cch\u1ee7y\u201d (\u5315). Trong v\u0103n c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ea1t\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef \u201c\u6b7a\u201d (c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1ea1t\u201d), ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 [m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm] x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n. Ch\u1eef \u201cch\u1ee7y\u201d (\u5315) trong c\u1ed5 v\u0103n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d (\u4eba – ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi), khi c\u1ed1t [ph\u1ea7n x\u01b0\u01a1ng] [v\u00e0] nh\u1ee5c [ph\u1ea7n th\u1ecbt] c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n ly c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft (t\u1eed). Ch\u1eef \u201cng\u1ea1t\u201d (\u6b79) l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea3o, b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i, \u00e1c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n [ph\u1ea3i] t\u1eed vong (ch\u1ebft \u0111i) l\u00e0 v\u00ec trong sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u00e0 \u00e1c, b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i. L\u00e3o t\u1eed vi\u1ebft: \u201cC\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u01a1ng (ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u00e0nh \u00e1c) gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed \u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n; trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ti\u00ean thi\u00ean, sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng (m\u00e3i m\u00e3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i). Nh\u01b0ng trong nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u00e1c; thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 sinh, \u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u201ct\u1eed\u2019 (b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t vong), b\u1edfi v\u1eady n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 sinh c\u00f3 t\u1eed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ecf \u00e1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

(7) Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1ed9i\u201d (\u7f6a)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ed9i\u201d l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ee9\u201d (\u56db) k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cphi\u201d (\u975e), ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u00e0m l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia, \u201ct\u1ee9\u201d trong ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c kim, kim l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 \u201cs\u00e1t\u201d (gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c). \u201cT\u1ee9\u201d (\u56db) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi \u201ct\u01b0\u201d (\u79c1), ch\u1eef \u201cphi\u201d (\u975e) b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m. B\u1edfi v\u1eady trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a Th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ngay khi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i th\u00ec [\u0111\u00e3] l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt th\u00ec m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea1t\u201d (\u7f5a) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ee9\u201d (\u56db) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u01b0 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t: ch\u1eef \u201cng\u00f4n\u201d (\u8a00) b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, hu\u1ea5n gi\u1edbi, c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o, v.v. thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c tinh th\u1ea7n; b\u1ed9 \u0111ao \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i (\u5202) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh, n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

(8). Ch\u1eef \u201cTr\u1eebng\u201d<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u201ctr\u1eebng\u201d (\u60e9) trong ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh: \u61f2, c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m, s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t, c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o. B\u1ed9 \u201cchinh\u201d (\u5f81) ch\u1ec9 \u00e2m, b\u1ed9 \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d (\u5fc3) ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129a. T\u1eeb tr\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ch\u1eef \u201ctr\u1eebng\u201d (\u61f2) l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cchinh\u201d (\u5f81), d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d. \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cchinh\u201d (\u5f81) l\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ea1t, chinh ph\u1ee5c. Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 ch\u1eef chinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cch\u00ednh\u201d (\u6b63), c\u00f2n ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d (\u5fc3) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, t\u01b0 t\u00e2m. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, khi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t ai, x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t ai th\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 [bi\u1ebft] ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee7y \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu luy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecf n\u00f3 \u0111i, c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 t\u00ednh cao th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(9) Ch\u1eef \u201cKh\u00e1ch\u201d (\u5ba2)<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef kh\u00e1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch trong kh\u00e1ch m\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u1edd ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c t\u1eeb n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn, v.v. Ch\u1eef kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 mi\u00ean (\u5b80) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c (\u5404). Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5, b\u1ed9 \u201cmi\u00ean\u201d (\u5b80) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0, ph\u00f2ng \u1edf, nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9, v.v. Ch\u1eef \u201cc\u00e1c\u201d (\u5404) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i [m\u1ed9t] ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ngay trong nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tha h\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 lai l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, trong th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (nguy\u00ean th\u1ea7n), l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1ch \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, th\u00ec \u201cNg\u0169 h\u00e0nh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 [nh\u00e2n], t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ec3u theo quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nay ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang ta tuy r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. L\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i thu\u1eadn theo ch\u1ee7, v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o gia m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 vi, gi\u1ea3ng t\u00f9y k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. L\u00e3o t\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1ch (Ng\u00f4 b\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m vi ch\u1ee7 nhi vi kh\u00e1ch) (Tr\u00edch \u201cL\u00e3o t\u1eed\u201d ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 69), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

(10) Ch\u1eef \u201cKh\u1ed1n\u201d (\u56f0)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ed1n\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cm\u1ed9c\u201d (\u6728) n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ea9u\u201d (\u53e3), nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh gian nan, t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng ra l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t. T\u1eeb k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1eef m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ea9u\u201d (\u53e3) bao b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp s\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch c\u0169. Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u201cm\u1ed9c\u201d (\u6728) v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 sinh (sinh s\u00f4i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n), c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 [du\u1ed7i] \u201cc\u0103ng ra\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9c\u201d (\u6728) b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi (c\u00e1i khung) c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n (\u00fd ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef kh\u1ea9u \u53e3) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean “kh\u1ed1n” kh\u00f3. Trong \u201cQu\u1ea3ng Nh\u00e3\u201d gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ed1n\u201d (\u56f0) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f9ng\u201d (\u7a77 – cu\u1ed1i, h\u1ebft). Trong \u201cD\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n\u201d c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: d\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng, th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1eedu. Ch\u1eef \u201cbi\u1ebfn\u201d (\u53d8) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0 duy. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, khi ch\u00fang ta \u1edf trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hanh th\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

(11) Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u00ecnh\u201d (\u60c5)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00ecnh\u201d (\u60c5) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba ch\u1eef l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d (\u5fc3), \u201cch\u1ee7\u201d (\u4e3b) v\u00e0 \u201cnguy\u1ec7t\u201d (\u6708). T\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng quan ni\u1ec7m. Ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eef \u201cnguy\u1ec7t\u201d (\u6708) trong c\u1ed5 v\u0103n ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 (nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3). K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u00ec b\u1ed5n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00ecnh\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u00ecnh\u201d (\u60c5) trong \u201cThuy\u1ebft v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0: \u00e2m kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i d\u1ee5c. S\u1edf d\u0129 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m nam n\u1eef ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

(12) Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1ec9nh\u201d (\u9192)<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ec9nh\u201d (\u9192) l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 sau khi say r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, minh b\u1ea1ch. H\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00fay\u201d (\u9189) th\u00ec l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u1ede b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cd\u1eadu\u201d (\u9149), ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eedu\u201d (\u9152 – r\u01b0\u1ee3u). B\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ec9nh\u201d (\u9192) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ctinh\u201d (\u661f), ch\u1eef \u201ctinh\u201d n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cnh\u1eadt\u201d (\u65e5 – m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, ban ng\u00e0y) gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201csinh\u201d (\u751f) . B\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00fay\u201d (\u9189) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ctu\u1ea5t\u201d (\u5352). C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi trong h\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9 ra th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi; l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5p m\u00ea b\u1ea5t ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd d\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u201ct\u1eed l\u1ed9\u201d (con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebft). Ch\u1eef \u201ctu\u1ea5t\u201d (\u5352) c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201cvong\u201d (\u4ea1 – ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft).<\/p>\n

(13) Ch\u1eef \u201cS\u1ea7u\u201d (\u6101)<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cs\u1ea7u\u201d (\u6101) l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cthu\u201d (\u79cb) th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d (\u5fc3). Trong H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh: \u201c\u6100\u201d. \u201cThu – t\u00e2m\u201d (\u79cb – \u5fc3) l\u00e0 s\u1ea7u, \u01b0u l\u1ef1, \u00e2u s\u1ea7u. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo \u201cS\u1eed k\u00fd – Th\u00e1i s\u1eed c\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt\u201d: \u201cPhu xu\u00e2n sinh h\u1ea1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, thu th\u00e2u \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e0ng, th\u1eed thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o chi \u0111\u1ea1i kinh d\u00e3. Ph\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn t\u1eafc v\u00f4 d\u0129 vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 cang k\u1ef7\u201d (M\u00f9a xu\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u00f9a sinh s\u1ea3n, m\u00f9a h\u1ea1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00f9a thu thu r\u00fat l\u1ea1i, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn theo nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1). T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1o gia c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng, m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 sinh; m\u00f9a thu thu\u1ed9c kim, ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 s\u00e1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u201cthu th\u00e2u\u201d (\u79cb\u6536) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thu l\u1ea1i [sinh] m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, v\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u00f9a thu, th\u00ec trong t\u00e2m lo l\u1eafng, do v\u1eady g\u1ecdi “thu t\u00e2m” l\u00e0 “s\u1ea7u”. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i x\u1eed quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 sau m\u00f9a thu m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3m. M\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch hoa m\u00e0u hay l\u00e0 x\u1eed quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec \u0111ao v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u00f9a thu trong ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c kim, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i uy \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, trong t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u lo l\u1eafng. C\u00f2n trong 10 thi\u00ean can, Canh v\u00e0 T\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c kim trong ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, kim l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 s\u00e1t Canh, T\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u1eeb canh t\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi), v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a, Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ea7n canh t\u00e2n, do v\u1eady n\u0103m Canh T\u00fd v\u00e0 T\u00e2n S\u1eedu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea7u v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

(14) Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1ea9u\u201d (\u8d70)<\/p>\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5, ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ea9u\u201d (\u8d70) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, r\u1eddi \u0111i. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u1eddi, ly th\u1ebf. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ea9u\u201d (\u8d70) b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ed5\u201d (\u571f), b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201cch\u1ec9\u201d (\u6b62). T\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong tam gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t (th\u1ed5); \u201cch\u1ec9\u201d (\u6b62) l\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9, t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng; b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea9u\u201d (\u8d70). Trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t sinh m\u1ec7nh cao c\u1ea5p, th\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u00f9i v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5t, s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1eady n\u00ean L\u00e3o t\u1eed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: xu\u1ea5t sinh nh\u1eadp t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea1i \u00fd l\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: khi m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t sinh trong nh\u00e2n gian th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac sinh m\u1ec7nh ti\u00ean thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a anh ta nh\u1eadp t\u1eed (ch\u1ebft \u0111i). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, th\u00ec c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t”, nh\u1eadp th\u1ed5 vi an. Ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ea9u\u201d (\u8d70) n\u00e0y c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1ebf gian b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh m\u1ec7nh cao t\u1ea7ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 [\u0111ang] b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf cho “b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d, v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201ct\u0129nh ch\u1ec9\u201d n\u00e0y, l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ecb coi to\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea5t\u201d n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ct\u1ea9u\u201d tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

(15) Ch\u1eef \u201cPh\u1ea3n\u201d (\u8fd4)<\/p>\n

Ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d (\u8fd4) l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3i quy, quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d (\u8fd4 – tr\u1edf v\u1ec1) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d (\u53cd – ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i) l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau, trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: ph\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o chi \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1eadt c\u1ef1c t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n\u201d. \u1ede t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea3y n\u1edf th\u00ec s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n suy ngh\u0129 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 gia vi\u00ean (ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh). V\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i gia vi\u00ean? \u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d (\u53cd – ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i) n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong ch\u1eef \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d (\u8fd4 – tr\u1edf v\u1ec1). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thu\u1eadn theo ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i [ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i] v\u1edbi ch\u00fang th\u00ec m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d (\u53cd – ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i), m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1ea3n\u201d (\u8fd4 – tr\u1edf v\u1ec1). B\u1edfi v\u1eady m\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tam Phong m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cThu\u1eadn t\u1eafc ph\u00e0m, ngh\u1ecbch t\u1eafc ti\u00ean\u201d (thu\u1eadn theo th\u00ec l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, c\u00f2n \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u00ean) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

\u1ede tr\u00ean, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00ecnh\u201d (\u60c5) [t\u00f4i] li\u1ec1n li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m (trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n) l\u00e0: \u201cthanh\u201d (\u9752 – thanh ni\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb), \u201ckhanh\u201d (\u537f – m\u00ecnh, anh ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi nhau), \u201cthanh\u201d (\u6e05 – l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1t), \u201ckhinh\u201d (\u8f7b – nh\u1eb9), \u201ckh\u00e1nh\u201d (\u5e86 – m\u1eebng vui), v.v. C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p \u0111\u00f4i t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n khi tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi nhau qu\u1ea5n qu\u00fdt – anh anh em em (\u537f\u537f\u6211\u6211 – khanh khanh ng\u00e3 ng\u00e3) , \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111em nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thanh tr\u1eeb \u0111i h\u1ebft th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201ckhinh trang th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1eadn\u201d (m\u1eb7c \u00e1o gi\u00e1p nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 ra tr\u1eadn), n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m (\u201ckhinh\u201d \u8f7b – nh\u1eb9), \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng (\u00fd ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u00e1nh\u201d – \u5e86).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng \u00e2m (trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n) c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ec9nh\u201d c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1eef h\u00e0nh (\u884c – h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ecfi giang), ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ea1nh\u201d (\u5e78 – h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac), ch\u1eef \u201ch\u01b0ng\u201d (\u5174 – h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, vui v\u1ebb). Ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 khi th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi (\u80fd\u884c), m\u1edbi l\u00e0 may m\u1eafn (\u5e78\u8fd0), m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 vui m\u1eebng (\u9ad8\u5174). Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh [l\u1ea1i] th\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (\u4e0d\u884c – b\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh), s\u1ebd [ph\u1ea3i] b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh (\u4e0d\u5e78), c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t\u201d (\u5174\u65fa\u53d1\u8fbe). N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201ct\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n\u201d (\u7f6a\u4eba), v\u1eady th\u00ec s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. (\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00fay\u201d – \u9189 trong ch\u1eef \u201ctr\u1ea7m t\u00fay\u201d – \u6c89\u9189 , t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm\u201d c\u00f3 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ed9i\u201d – \u7f6a trong ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n\u201d – \u7f6a\u4eba, \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a 2 ch\u1eef n\u00e0y tuy c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng trong ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u2018zu\u00ec\u2019).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 b\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ed9 ra r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn [n\u01a1i] t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch tr\u00fa [ng\u1ee5] t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u201cl\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o [ph\u00e1p] c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y thanh t\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gia vi\u00ean ti\u00ean thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sinh m\u1ec7nh may m\u1eafn v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u1ea5t [trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5].<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:\u00a0http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/259203<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org] 3. Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n D\u1ef1a theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o, v.v. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[304,103],"tags":[281],"class_list":["post-26722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loat-bai","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-dao-cua-chu-han"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (2) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2020\/10\/dao-cua-chu-han-2.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n (2) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Chanhkien.org] 3. Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n D\u1ef1a theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o, v.v. 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Kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef H\u00e1n D\u1ef1a theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 H\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o, v.v. 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