{"id":26707,"date":"2020-10-05T01:34:49","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T01:34:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=26707"},"modified":"2020-10-05T01:35:02","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T01:35:02","slug":"su-hop-nhat-giua-ly-thuyet-va-quan-sat-trong-thien-van-hoc-de-nghien-cuu-vu-tru-so-khai-nham-tim-ra-nhung-bi-an-cua-vat-ly-co-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2020\/10\/su-hop-nhat-giua-ly-thuyet-va-quan-sat-trong-thien-van-hoc-de-nghien-cuu-vu-tru-so-khai-nham-tim-ra-nhung-bi-an-cua-vat-ly-co-ban.html","title":{"rendered":"S\u01b0\u0323 h\u01a1\u0323p nh\u00e2\u0301t gi\u01b0\u0303a ly\u0301 thuy\u00ea\u0301t va\u0300 quan sa\u0301t trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n ho\u0323c \u0111\u00ea\u0309 nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u vu\u0303 tru\u0323 s\u01a1 khai nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ra nh\u01b0\u0303ng bi\u0301 \u00e2\u0309n cu\u0309a v\u00e2\u0323t ly\u0301 c\u01a1 ba\u0309n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi am hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 [th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh] quan s\u00e1t.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u01a1 khai v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n th\u1eddi s\u01a1 khai c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1edd v\u1eady h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t trong thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi am hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1edfi Qu\u1ef9 Khoa H\u1ecdc Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ESF) bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng chuy\u00ean gia trong ng\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t. Carlos Martins, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o ESF n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u2018n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u2019 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2018song ng\u1eef\u2019, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111ang quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n, v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Galileo c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t l\u00e0 2 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng xu. V\u1ec1 sau l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 2, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u00e1ch h\u1eb3n nhau ra v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nhau n\u1eefa. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan s\u00e1t r\u1ea5t tinh vi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1eafn k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n then ch\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi nano gi\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 M\u00e1y gia t\u1ed1c H\u1ea1t Hadron l\u1edbn \u1edf CERN, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u1edf Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u01a1 khai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, cho ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Martin n\u00f3i: \u201c\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc, v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u01a1 khai nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.\u201d<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o c\u0169ng th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y sang \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 k\u00edn, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay kh\u00f4ng. Theo Martin th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1eeb sau Big Bang r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y nay. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t hai th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00ean tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u0169ng gi\u00fap x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn theo d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed1i R\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Einstein. S\u00f3ng h\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng trong th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng qua quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c sao xung, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao neutron \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 quay xung quanh nhau. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sao xung ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi [gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng] s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang m\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c minh th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u00e1y quang ph\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, r\u1ed3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh \u201cngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi\u201d trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 sao l\u00e2n c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o Nh\u1eefng Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m V\u1eadt l\u00fd Thi\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a V\u1eadt l\u00fd C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 3\/2008 t\u1ea1i Porto, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:\u00a0https:\/\/www.pureinsight.org\/node\/5374<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi am hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 [th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh] quan s\u00e1t. 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