{"id":2639,"date":"2009-08-31T05:12:53","date_gmt":"2009-08-31T05:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=2639"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:29:02","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:29:02","slug":"quan-diem-cua-toi-ve-mot-so-an-bai-trong-lich-su-phan-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2009\/08\/quan-diem-cua-toi-ve-mot-so-an-bai-trong-lich-su-phan-1.html","title":{"rendered":"Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 an b\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16803\" title=\"KhoaHocChanChinh\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/KhoaHocChanChinh.jpg\" width=\"321\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/KhoaHocChanChinh.jpg 321w, https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/KhoaHocChanChinh-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>[Chanhkien.org]<\/strong> L&#7883;ch s&#7917; n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&atilde; ph&aacute;t sinh nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&agrave; &lsquo;t&igrave;nh c&#7901;&rsquo;. Th&#7853;m ch&iacute; c&#7843; khi ng&#432;&#7901;i b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7885;i ch&uacute;ng l&agrave; &lsquo;s&#7921; tr&ugrave;ng h&#7907;p&rsquo;, nhi&#7873;u &#273;i&#7873;u trong s&#7889; ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng d&#7877; m&agrave; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. L&agrave; nh&#7919;ng h&#7885;c vi&ecirc;n, ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;&#7873;u bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng l&#7883;ch s&#7917; lo&agrave;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c an b&agrave;i m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch t&#7881; m&#7881; v&agrave; c&oacute; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, v&agrave; t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u v&igrave; Ph&aacute;p m&agrave; &#273;&#7871;n. C&oacute; m&#7897;t kh&iacute;a c&#7841;nh t&iacute;ch c&#7921;c trong &#273;&oacute;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; cho ph&eacute;p con ng&#432;&#7901;i ng&agrave;y nay hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c Ph&#7853;t, &#272;&#7841;o hay tin v&agrave;o Th&#7847;n. C&#361;ng c&oacute; m&#7897;t kh&iacute;a c&#7841;nh ti&ecirc;u c&#7921;c &#7903; trong &#273;&oacute;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; nhi&#7873;u nh&acirc;n t&#7889; ph&#7843;n di&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7911; &yacute; an b&agrave;i &#273;&#7875; &ldquo;kh&#7843;o nghi&#7879;m&rdquo; &#272;&#7841;i Ph&aacute;p. N&#7871;u ch&uacute;ng ta l&#7845;y &#272;&#7841;i Ph&aacute;p l&agrave;m &#273;&#7873; t&agrave;i tr&#7885;ng t&acirc;m, ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch m&#7841;ch l&#7841;c t&#7841;i sao nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u nh&#432; v&#7853;y l&#7841;i x&#7843;y ra trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917; lo&agrave;i ng&#432;&#7901;i. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; quan &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a c&aacute; nh&acirc;n t&ocirc;i v&#7873; m&#7897;t s&#7889; an b&agrave;i trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917;. N&#7871;u c&oacute; &#273;i&#7873;u g&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p, xin vui l&ograve;ng ch&#7881; r&otilde;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. T&iacute;n ng&#432;&#7905;ng v&#7873; Ph&#7853;t v&agrave; &#272;&#7841;o t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian r&#7845;t l&acirc;u d&agrave;i, Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c an b&agrave;i l&agrave; s&#7869; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh s&acirc;n kh&#7845;u ch&iacute;nh cho s&#7921; ph&#7893; truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a &#272;&#7841;i Ph&aacute;p ng&agrave;y nay. Do v&#7853;y, c&oacute; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p tu Ph&#7853;t v&agrave; tu &#272;&#7841;o &#273;&atilde; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i xuy&ecirc;n su&#7889;t l&#7883;ch s&#7917; Trung Qu&#7889;c, v&agrave; nh&#7919;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p tu luy&#7879;n n&agrave;y r&#7845;t ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n. Ch&#7881; khi &#7845;y ng&#432;&#7901;i ta m&#7899;i c&oacute; m&#7897;t hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t s&acirc;u s&#7855;c v&#7873; &ldquo;&#272;&#7841;o&rdquo;. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y r&#7845;t kh&aacute;c so v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y, n&#417;i m&agrave; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p tu &#272;&#7841;o h&#7847;u nh&#432; kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n. Do &#273;&oacute;, t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&ecirc;n trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917; Trung Qu&#7889;c, &lsquo;&#272;&#7841;o&rsquo; &#273;&atilde; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a, m&#7897;t n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khai s&aacute;ng t&#7915; th&#7901;i Ho&agrave;ng &#272;&#7871;. Th&#7901;i &#7845;y, &ldquo;&#272;&#7841;o&rdquo; kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; m&#7897;t t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o, nh&#432;ng d&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; ai ai c&#361;ng &#273;&#7873;u th&#7921;c h&agrave;nh &ldquo;&#272;&#7841;o.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>Sau n&agrave;y, c&oacute; nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; xung kh&#7855;c gi&#7919;a Ph&#7853;t v&agrave; &#272;&#7841;o. Trong nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m H&#7897;i X&#432;&#417;ng (841 &ndash; 847 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n) tri&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i nh&agrave; &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng, Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o &#273;&atilde; tr&#7843;i qua th&#7901;i k&#7923; ph&aacute;p n&#7841;n khi hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng &lsquo;h&#432;ng &#272;&#7841;o di&#7879;t Ph&#7853;t&rsquo; ph&aacute;t sinh. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y c&oacute; li&ecirc;n quan &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; tr&#7895;i d&#7853;y c&#7911;a &lsquo;&#272;&#7841;o gi&aacute;o&rsquo; m&agrave; S&#432; Ph&#7909; &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n trong &ldquo;Gi&#7843;ng Ph&aacute;p t&#7841;i bu&#7893;i h&#7885;p Di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i v&#7873; S&aacute;ng t&aacute;c M&#7929; thu&#7853;t.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. V&agrave;i s&#7921; tr&ugrave;ng h&#7907;p v&#7873; th&#7901;i gian trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Khi &#273;&#7841;o &#273;&#7913;c con ng&#432;&#7901;i suy &#273;&#7891;i trong th&#7901;i k&#7923; Xu&acirc;n Thu- Chi&#7871;n Qu&#7889;c (770 &ndash; 476 tr&#432;&#7899;c c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n) t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c, r&#7845;t ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n khi m&agrave; &ldquo;ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7855;c &#272;&#7841;o t&#7921; t&aacute;ch m&igrave;nh kh&#7887;i x&atilde; h&#7897;i&rdquo;, &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; b&#7883; &ocirc; nhi&#7877;m. T&#7915; r&#7845;t s&#7899;m, m&#7897;t v&agrave;i c&aacute; nh&acirc;n c&oacute; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng r&#7845;t l&#7899;n &#273;&#7871;n nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&atilde; gi&aacute;ng sinh trong g&#7847;n nh&#432; c&ugrave;ng m&#7897;t th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m. H&#7885; l&agrave; L&atilde;o T&#7917; v&agrave; Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917; &#7903; Trung Qu&#7889;c, Th&iacute;ch Ca M&acirc;u Ni &#7903; &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; v&agrave; Socrates &#7903; Hy L&#7841;p c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i.<\/p>\n<p>N&#7873;n v&#259;n minh ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&ocirc;ng v&agrave; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y l&agrave; hai th&#7875; h&#7879; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n kh&aacute;c nhau. Nh&#432;ng v&igrave; Trung Qu&#7889;c l&agrave; s&acirc;n kh&#7845;u l&#7899;n cho s&#7921; ph&#7893; truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a &#272;&#7841;i Ph&aacute;p, n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh Hy L&#7841;p &#273;&atilde; b&#7883; thu h&#7891;i l&#7841;i sau khi &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7881;nh &#273;i&#7875;m. H&#7885;c tr&ograve; n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a Socrates l&agrave; Plato, v&agrave; h&#7885;c tr&ograve; n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a Plato l&agrave; Aristotle. Socrates, Plato v&agrave; Aristotle &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n nh&#432; l&agrave; ba nh&agrave; s&aacute;ng l&#7853;p l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y. Nh&#432;ng Aristotle &#273;&atilde; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;i theo m&#7897;t con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng kh&aacute;c so v&#7899;i Socrates v&#7873; c&aacute;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n v&agrave; kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. Aristotle &#273;&#7873; cao logic, quan s&aacute;t v&agrave; th&#7921;c nghi&#7879;m. &#272;&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#7911;a khoa h&#7885;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y. Nh&#432;ng khoa h&#7885;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y &#273;&atilde; &#273;i theo m&#7897;t con &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng sai l&#7847;m, &#273;i&#7873;u m&agrave; t&ocirc;i s&#7869; kh&ocirc;ng b&agrave;n t&#7899;i trong khu&ocirc;n kh&#7893; b&agrave;i vi&#7871;t n&agrave;y.<\/p>\n<p>M&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch s&#7921; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o t&#7841;i &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; l&agrave; &#273;&#7875; chu&#7849;n b&#7883; cho s&#7921; ph&#7893; truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a n&oacute; t&#7841;i ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&ocirc;ng. Hai tr&#259;m n&#259;m sau khi Ph&#7853;t Th&iacute;ch Ca M&acirc;u Ni nh&#7853;p ni&#7871;t b&agrave;n, vua A D&#7909;c &#273;&atilde; thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p m&#7897;t n&#7873;n qu&acirc;n ch&#7911; h&ugrave;ng m&#7841;nh nh&#7845;t t&#7841;i &#7844;n &#272;&#7897;, v&#432;&#417;ng tri&#7873;u Kh&#7893;ng T&#432;&#7899;c. &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u cho s&#7921; ho&#7857;ng d&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o tr&ecirc;n kh&#7855;p th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. Trong th&#7901;i gian &#273;&oacute;, c&aacute;c quan l&#7841;i t&#7915; Tri&#7873;u &#273;&igrave;nh &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; &#273;&atilde; t&#7899;i th&#259;m Trung Qu&#7889;c. L&uacute;c &#7845;y, Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;ang d&#432;&#7899;i th&#7901;i nh&agrave; T&#7847;n (221 &ndash; 207 tr&#432;&#7899;c c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n). V&agrave;o th&#7901;i &#7845;y th&igrave; Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o ch&#432;a b&#7855;t r&#7877; t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c. Nh&#432;ng k&#7875; t&#7915; &#273;&oacute;, &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c n&#7895; l&#7921;c ph&#7893; truy&#7873;n Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o sang c&aacute;c qu&#7889;c gia kh&aacute;c.<\/p>\n<p>V&agrave;o &#273;&#7847;u th&#7901;i &#272;&ocirc;ng H&aacute;n (25 &ndash; 220 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n), v&#259;n h&oacute;a Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&eacute;n r&#7877; t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c. H&aacute;n Minh &#272;&#7871; (58 &ndash; 76 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n) &#273;&atilde; c&oacute; m&#7897;t gi&#7845;c m&#417; khi &ocirc;ng nh&igrave;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&oacute;ng &aacute;nh kim quang tr&ecirc;n &#273;&#7881;nh &#273;&#7847;u bay tr&ecirc;n s&acirc;n Ho&agrave;ng cung. Ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m sau, Ho&agrave;ng &#273;&#7871; tri&#7879;u t&#7853;p c&aacute;c qu&#7847;n th&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i m&#7897;ng. M&#7897;t &#273;&#7841;i th&#7847;n tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y l&#7901;i gi&#7843;i &#273;&aacute;p c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng nh&#432; sau: &ldquo;C&oacute; m&#7897;t v&#7883; th&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; &lsquo;Ph&#7853;t&rsquo;. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y gi&#7889;ng h&#7879;t v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; m&agrave; Ho&agrave;ng th&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&atilde; m&#417; th&#7845;y.&rdquo; V&#7883; Ho&agrave;ng &#273;&#7871; ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c c&#7917; s&#7913; gi&#7843; sang T&acirc;y Thi&ecirc;n th&#7881;nh Kinh. T&#7841;i Afghanistan, s&#7913; gi&#7843; g&#7863;p hai v&#7883; cao t&#259;ng, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang &#273;i sang ph&#432;&#417;ng &#272;&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#7893; truy&#7873;n Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o. C&aacute;c s&#7913; th&#7847;n d&ugrave;ng ng&#7921;a b&#7841;ch &#273;&#7875; mang Kinh v&#7873; Kinh &#273;&ocirc; t&#7841;i L&#7841;c D&#432;&#417;ng. Ho&agrave;ng &#273;&#7871; &#273;&atilde; cho x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t ng&ocirc;i &#273;&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; ho&#7857;ng d&#432;&#417;ng hai v&#7883; cao t&#259;ng &#7903; n&#417;i &#273;&oacute; v&agrave; &#273;&#7863;t t&ecirc;n l&agrave; &ldquo;&#272;&#7873;n B&#7841;ch M&atilde;.&rdquo; &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; &#273;i&#7875;m m&#7889;c ch&iacute;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&aacute;nh d&#7845;u s&#7921; ph&#7893; truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c.<\/p>\n<p>L&uacute;c &#7845;y, Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o v&#7851;n c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i t&#7891;n t&#7841;i &#7903; &#7844;n &#272;&#7897;. Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7893; truy&#7873;n t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c tr&ecirc;n di&#7879;n r&#7897;ng cho t&#7899;i th&#7901;i Nam B&#7855;c Tri&#7873;u (420-589 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n), nh&agrave; T&ugrave;y (581 &ndash; 618 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n) v&agrave; &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng (618 &ndash; 905 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n). Khi Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o l&ecirc;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7921;c th&#7883;nh t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c th&igrave; Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o &#273;&atilde; ho&agrave;n t&#7845;t s&#7913; m&#7879;nh c&#7911;a n&oacute; t&#7841;i &#7844;n &#272;&#7897;. B&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; gi&#7919;a cho t&#7899;i cu&#7889;i th&#7901;i nh&agrave; &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng, kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; th&#7871; k&#7927; th&#7913; 8 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n, Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o d&#7847;n d&#7847;n nh&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7895; cho &#7844;n &#272;&#7897; gi&aacute;o v&agrave; cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng b&#7883; ti&ecirc;u m&#7845;t t&#7841;i &#7844;n &#272;&#7897;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. S&#7921; h&#432;ng th&#7883;nh c&#7911;a n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#272;&#7875; th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c, kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; c&oacute; hai trung t&acirc;m trong m&#7897;t th&#7871; gi&#7899;i lu&ocirc;n tranh gi&agrave;nh &#273;&#7883;a v&#7883; th&#7889;ng tr&#7883;. Do &#273;&oacute;, khi v&#259;n h&oacute;a v&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;ang th&agrave;nh t&#7921;u huy ho&agrave;ng, n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y &#273;&atilde; b&#7883; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. Alexander &#272;&#7841;i &#273;&#7871;, m&#7897;t h&#7885;c tr&ograve; c&#7911;a Aristotle, &#273;&atilde; s&#432;u t&#7853;p c&aacute;c th&agrave;nh t&#7921;u t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871;n nh&#7845;t t&#7841;i B&#7855;c Phi, Ai C&#7853;p c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i, n&#432;&#7899;c Do Th&aacute;i c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i v&agrave; Babylon c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i, r&#7891;i x&acirc;y d&#7921;ng Th&#432; vi&#7879;n Alexander v&agrave; m&#7897;t vi&#7879;n b&#7843;o t&agrave;ng c&oacute; t&ecirc;n l&agrave; &lsquo;Temple of Muses&rsquo; t&#7841;i th&agrave;nh ph&#7889; Alexandria thu&#7897;c Ai C&#7853;p c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i. Nh&#432;ng n&oacute; &#273;&atilde; b&#7883; h&#7887;a thi&ecirc;u b&#7903;i Caesar v&agrave;o kho&#7843;ng n&#259;m 641 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n. Th&#7901;i k&#7923; Trung C&#7893; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u kh&ocirc;ng l&acirc;u sau &#273;&oacute;. Nh&agrave; th&#7901; v&agrave; nh&agrave; n&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7897;t ch&#7863;t v&agrave;o nhau m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch g&#7855;n b&oacute;, v&agrave; ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t r&#7845;t ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; t&acirc;m tr&iacute; c&#7911;a d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng.<\/p>\n<p>V&agrave;o th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&oacute;, Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&atilde; t&#7921; nhi&ecirc;n tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh trung t&acirc;m &#273;&#7875; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i t&#7915; c&aacute;c n&#432;&#7899;c l&acirc;n bang. B&#7855;c M&#7929; v&#7851;n ch&#432;a h&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n. Trung Qu&#7889;c l&agrave; n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh huy ho&agrave;ng nh&#7845;t t&#7841;i l&#7909;c &#273;&#7883;a ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u, ch&acirc;u &Aacute; v&agrave; ch&acirc;u Phi. V&agrave;o &#273;&#7847;u tri&#7873;u H&aacute;n (206 tr&#432;&#7899;c c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n &ndash; 220 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n), H&aacute;n V&#361; &#272;&#7871; (140 &ndash; 86 tr&#432;&#7899;c c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n) &#273;&atilde; c&#7917; Tr&#432;&#417;ng Khi&ecirc;n &#273;i sang T&acirc;y V&#7921;c. Sau khi ch&#7883;u &#273;&#7921;ng r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u gian kh&#7893;, &ocirc;ng &#273;&atilde; &#273;i qua T&acirc;n C&#432;&#417;ng, v&ugrave;ng Trung &#272;&ocirc;ng v&agrave; cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng l&agrave; t&#7899;i La M&atilde;. D&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#432; m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch chuy&#7871;n &#273;i c&#7911;a &ocirc;ng l&agrave; &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&acirc;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i l&uacute;c b&#7845;y gi&#7901; bi&#7871;t v&#7873; Trung Qu&#7889;c v&agrave; n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh Trung Hoa. Sau n&agrave;y, h&#7841;m &#273;&#7897;i c&#7911;a &#272;&ocirc; &#273;&#7889;c Tr&#7883;nh H&ograve;a &#273;&atilde; h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh qua nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i d&#432;&#417;ng. &#272;&oacute; l&agrave; m&#7897;t h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c xu&#7845;t kh&#7849;u n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c. V&agrave;o c&ugrave;ng th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m, nhi&#7873;u qu&#7889;c gia &#273;&atilde; thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p ti&#7873;n duy&ecirc;n v&#7899;i Trung Qu&#7889;c th&ocirc;ng qua nh&#7919;ng cu&#7897;c giao l&#432;u n&agrave;y.<\/p>\n<p>Khi n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n, n&oacute; &#273;&atilde; l&ecirc;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7881;nh &#273;i&#7875;m v&agrave;o th&#7901;i nh&agrave; &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng, v&#7899;i Kh&#7893;ng gi&aacute;o, Ph&#7853;t gi&aacute;o v&agrave; &#272;&#7841;o gi&aacute;o tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh &lsquo;tam gi&aacute;o&rsquo; v&agrave; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7881;nh cao c&#7911;a s&#7921; huy ho&agrave;ng. X&atilde; h&#7897;i Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&atilde; &#273;i tr&#432;&#7899;c ph&#7847;n c&ograve;n l&#7841;i c&#7911;a th&#7871; gi&#7899;i trong v&agrave;i tr&#259;m n&#259;m. Nh&#7857;m l&oacute;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cho s&#7921; tr&#7895;i d&#7853;y c&#7911;a &#272;&#7843;ng C&#7897;ng s&#7843;n m&agrave; s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; &lsquo;kh&#7843;o nghi&#7879;m&rsquo; &#272;&#7841;i Ph&aacute;p, <a class=\"lar-automated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/chu-giai-tu-vung#cuu_the_luc\" 28725 rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">c&#7921;u th&#7871; l&#7921;c<\/a> &#273;&atilde; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; an b&agrave;i b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch tr&#7845;n &aacute;p n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c v&agrave; th&uacute;c &#273;&#7849;y n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. S&#7921; ph&#7909;c h&#432;ng c&#7911;a n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sau tri&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i nh&agrave; &#272;&#432;&#7901;ng, Trung Qu&#7889;c tr&#7843;i qua th&#7901;i chi&#7871;n lo&#7841;n &lsquo;Ng&#361; &#273;&#7841;i th&#7853;p qu&#7889;c&rsquo; (907 &ndash; 1234 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n) v&agrave; cu&#7889;i c&ugrave;ng l&agrave; th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t d&#432;&#7899;i tri&#7873;u T&#7889;ng (960 &ndash; 1278 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n). Khi tri&#7873;u T&#7889;ng b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u, &lsquo;Tr&igrave;nh Chu l&yacute; h&#7885;c&rsquo; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897;t tri&#7871;t h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7853;p ra b&#7903;i hai anh em Tr&igrave;nh H&#7841;o v&agrave; Tr&igrave;nh Di v&agrave;o th&#7901;i B&#7855;c T&#7889;ng v&agrave; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ho&agrave;n t&#7845;t b&#7903;i Chu Hy v&agrave;o th&#7901;i Nam T&#7889;ng. T&ocirc;i c&oacute; c&#7843;m gi&aacute;c r&#7857;ng th&#7913; tri&#7871;t h&#7885;c n&agrave;y r&#7845;t kh&aacute;c so v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i d&#7841;y c&#7911;a &#273;&#7913;c Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917; v&agrave; b&aacute;o tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t s&#7921; tr&#432;&#7907;t d&#7889;c c&#7911;a n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n<p>Khi n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u xu&#7889;ng d&#7889;c, &#272;&#7871; ch&#7871; Ottoman tr&#7895;i d&#7853;y t&#7841;i Th&#7893; Nh&#297; K&#7923; v&agrave;o kho&#7843;ng th&#7871; k&#7927; 13 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n v&agrave; x&acirc;m l&#432;&#7907;c La M&atilde;. Nhi&#7873;u tr&iacute; th&#7913;c &#273;&atilde; mang m&#7897;t s&#7889; l&#7899;n c&aacute;c t&aacute;c ph&#7849;m ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t, v&#259;n h&#7885;c, l&#7883;ch s&#7917; v&agrave; tri&#7871;t h&#7885;c t&#7915; th&#7901;i Hy Lap v&agrave; La M&atilde; c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i sang nh&#7919;ng qu&#7889;c gia T&acirc;y &Acirc;u t&#7925; n&#7841;n. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y cho ph&eacute;p d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng t&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng qu&#7889;c gia n&agrave;y c&oacute; c&#417; h&#7897;i hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; s&#7921; r&#7921;c r&#7905; c&#7911;a n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Hy L&#7841;p c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i. Florence nhanh ch&oacute;ng tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh trung t&acirc;m v&#259;n h&oacute;a Hy-La c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i trong th&#7901;i k&#7923; h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n. N&oacute; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i c&aacute;i t&ecirc;n &lsquo;th&#7901;i k&#7923; Ph&#7909;c H&#432;ng.&rdquo;<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;Phong tr&agrave;o Ph&#7909;c H&#432;ng&rdquo; l&agrave; s&#7921; kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u cho th&#7901;i k&#7923; h&#7891;i ph&#7909;c v&agrave; th&#7883;nh v&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a khoa h&#7885;c v&agrave; v&#259;n h&oacute;a ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y. &#272;&uacute;ng l&uacute;c &#7845;y, n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c suy t&agrave;n nhanh ch&oacute;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y r&#7845;t gi&#7889;ng v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; x&#7843;y ra d&#432;&#7899;i th&#7901;i L&atilde;o T&#7917;, ngo&#7841;i tr&#7915; &#273;&#7893;i vai ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n &ndash; Trung Qu&#7889;c gi&#7901; &#273;ang tu&#7897;t d&#7889;c c&ograve;n ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y th&igrave; &#273;ang tr&#7895;i d&#7853;y. Trung Qu&#7889;c tr&#7843;i qua th&#7901;i nh&agrave; Nguy&ecirc;n (1206 &ndash; 1341 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n) v&agrave; Minh (1368 &ndash; 1628 sau c&ocirc;ng nguy&ecirc;n). &#272;&#7871; ch&#7871; M&ocirc;ng C&#7893;, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#7853;p ra tri&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i nh&agrave; Nguy&ecirc;n kh&ocirc;ng b&#7883; &#273;&#7891;ng h&oacute;a b&#7903;i ng&#432;&#7901;i H&aacute;n v&agrave; bi&#7871;t r&#7845;t &iacute;t v&#7873; n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c. D&#432;&#7899;i s&#7921; cai tr&#7883; c&#7911;a h&#7885;, v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&atilde; suy t&agrave;n nhanh ch&oacute;ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong th&#7901;i nh&agrave; Minh, Tri&#7873;u &#273;&igrave;nh &#273;&atilde; thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p m&#7897;t h&#7879; th&#7889;ng, trong &#273;&oacute; quan l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n t&#7915; d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng th&ocirc;ng qua khoa c&#7917; d&#7921;a tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;ch m&agrave; h&#7885; vi&#7871;t &lsquo;b&aacute;t c&#7893; v&#259;n&rsquo;, m&#7897;t b&agrave;i lu&#7853;n g&#7891;m t&aacute;m ph&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7871;t theo &#273;&#7873; t&agrave;i Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917;. B&agrave;i lu&#7853;n nh&#7857;m ki&#7875;m tra th&iacute; sinh c&oacute; th&#7875; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh &ldquo;&#273;&#7841;i th&aacute;nh nh&acirc;n l&#7853;p ng&ocirc;n&rdquo; hay kh&ocirc;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y qu&#7843; th&#7921;c l&agrave; n&#7921;c c&#432;&#7901;i. L&agrave;m sao c&oacute; ng&#432;&#7901;i hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7913;c Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917; &#273;&atilde; n&oacute;i nh&#7919;ng g&igrave;, v&agrave; l&agrave;m sao tr&iacute; tu&#7879; c&#7911;a h&#7885; c&oacute; th&#7875; s&aacute;nh v&#7899;i &#273;&#7913;c Kh&#7893;ng T&#7917;?<\/p>\n<p>H&#7879; th&#7889;ng &lsquo;b&aacute;t c&#7893; v&#259;n&rsquo; &#273;&atilde; &#273;&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&aacute;c nh&agrave; tr&iacute; th&#7913;c Trung Qu&#7889;c v&#7873; vi&#7879;c h&#7885; c&oacute; th&#7875; n&oacute;i g&igrave; v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; n&oacute;i g&igrave;. N&oacute; c&#361;ng ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t s&#7921; ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871;n c&#7911;a khoa h&#7885;c t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c. S&#7921; &#273;&oacute;ng g&oacute;p c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c cho khoa h&#7885;c v&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n &#273;&atilde; ch&#7845;m d&#7913;t trong tri&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i nh&agrave; T&#7889;ng. &#272;&oacute; kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; v&igrave; n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n t&#7889;t n&#7919;a. &#272;&oacute; l&agrave; b&#7903;i v&igrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&acirc;n Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&atilde; ch&#7879;ch kh&#7887;i n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a c&#7911;a h&#7885;. Ng&#432;&#7901;i ta &#273;&atilde; qu&ecirc;n m&#7845;t tinh th&#7847;n c&#7911;a khoa h&#7885;c t&#7841;i Trung Qu&#7889;c c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i, &#273;i&#7873;u d&#7921;a tr&ecirc;n s&#7921; hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#297; m&ocirc; v&#7873; Tr&#7901;i v&agrave; &#272;&#7845;t, c&#361;ng nh&#432; h&#7885;c h&#7887;i v&agrave; dung h&ograve;a c&aacute;c gi&aacute; tr&#7883; kh&aacute;c. &#272;&acirc;y r&otilde; r&agrave;ng l&agrave; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;n h&agrave;nh c&#7911;a <a class=\"lar-automated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/chu-giai-tu-vung#cuu_the_luc\" 28725 rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">c&#7921;u th&#7871; l&#7921;c<\/a> nh&#7857;m h&#7841;n ch&#7871; n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c.<\/p>\n<p>S&#7921; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i v&#259;n h&oacute;a v&agrave; khoa h&#7885;c Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7873;n h&agrave;nh &#273;&#7875; ph&#432;&#417;ng T&acirc;y c&oacute; th&#7875; x&acirc;m nh&#7853;p v&agrave;o Trung Qu&#7889;c th&ocirc;ng qua s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh qu&acirc;n s&#7921;, v&agrave; tr&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cho s&#7921; x&acirc;m nh&#7853;p c&#7911;a h&#7885;c thuy&#7871;t c&#7897;ng s&#7843;n c&#7911;a Marx v&agrave;o Trung Qu&#7889;c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. S&#7921; b&#7843;o t&#7891;n n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng Trung Qu&#7889;c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ph&#7843;i n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng, t&#7915; sau tri&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i nh&agrave; T&#7889;ng, Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;&atilde; lu&ocirc;n lu&ocirc;n nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh v&agrave;o vi&#7879;c ghi ch&eacute;p l&#7883;ch s&#7917;. Th&#7853;m ch&iacute; khi n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Trung Qu&#7889;c &#273;ang suy t&agrave;n, m&#7895;i tri&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;i v&#7851;n t&#7853;n t&acirc;m s&#432;u t&#7853;p tinh hoa trong c&aacute;c t&aacute;c ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a c&aacute;c b&#7853;c ti&#7873;n b&#7889;i x&#432;a. Nh&#7919;ng h&#7885;c gi&#7843; ki&#7879;t xu&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#417;ng th&#7901;i c&oacute; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879;m t&#7853;p k&#7871;t kinh th&#432; v&#7873; n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh Trung Qu&#7889;c c&#7893; &#273;&#7841;i. Trong th&#7901;i nh&agrave; T&#7889;ng, cu&#7889;n s&aacute;ch &lsquo;Th&aacute;i B&igrave;nh Ng&#7921; L&atilde;m&rsquo; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&ecirc;n so&#7841;n; trong th&#7901;i nh&agrave; Minh, cu&#7889;n s&aacute;ch &lsquo;V&#297;nh L&#7841;c &#272;&#7841;i &#272;i&#7875;n&rsquo; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&ecirc;n so&#7841;n v&agrave; trong th&#7901;i nh&agrave; Thanh l&agrave; cu&#7889;n &lsquo;T&#7913; Kh&#7889; To&agrave;n Th&#432;&rsquo;. Nh&#7919;ng t&aacute;c ph&#7849;m n&agrave;y c&oacute; m&#7909;c &#273;&iacute;ch ho&agrave;n ch&#7881;nh v&agrave; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng ch&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh c&#7911;a Trung Qu&#7889;c, &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i Trung Qu&#7889;c m&atilde;i m&atilde;i kh&ocirc;ng qu&ecirc;n &#273;i n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a Th&#7847;n truy&#7873;n c&#7911;a h&#7885;, n&#7873;n v&#259;n h&oacute;a &#273;&atilde; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&iacute;ch l&#361;y qua h&agrave;ng ng&agrave;n n&#259;m.<\/p>\n<p>(C&ograve;n ti&#7871;p&hellip;)<\/p>\n<p>Xem&nbsp;ti&#7871;p <a href=\"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2009\/08\/quan-diem-cua-toi-ve-mot-so-an-bai-trong-lich-su-phan-2.html\">Ph&#7847;n&nbsp;2<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>D&#7883;ch t&#7915;:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/zj\/articles\/2004\/12\/28\/30416.html\">http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/zj\/articles\/2004\/12\/28\/30416.html<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pureinsight.org\/node\/2711\">http:\/\/www.pureinsight.org\/node\/2711<\/a><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Chanhkien.org] L&#7883;ch s&#7917; n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&atilde; ph&aacute;t sinh nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&agrave; &lsquo;t&igrave;nh c&#7901;&rsquo;. Th&#7853;m ch&iacute; c&#7843; khi ng&#432;&#7901;i b&igrave;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng g&#7885;i ch&uacute;ng l&agrave; &lsquo;s&#7921; tr&ugrave;ng h&#7907;p&rsquo;, nhi&#7873;u &#273;i&#7873;u trong s&#7889; ch&uacute;ng kh&ocirc;ng d&#7877; m&agrave; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. L&agrave; nh&#7919;ng h&#7885;c vi&ecirc;n, ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;&#7873;u bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng l&#7883;ch s&#7917; lo&agrave;i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,97],"tags":[172],"class_list":["post-2639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bai-chon-loc","category-phan-tich-binh-luan","tag-khoa-hoc-chan-chinh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 an b\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (Ph\u1ea7n 1) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2009\/08\/quan-diem-cua-toi-ve-mot-so-an-bai-trong-lich-su-phan-1.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 an b\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (Ph\u1ea7n 1) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Chanhkien.org] L&#7883;ch s&#7917; n&#7873;n v&#259;n minh nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&atilde; ph&aacute;t sinh nhi&#7873;u s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho l&agrave; &lsquo;t&igrave;nh c&#7901;&rsquo;. 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