{"id":26312,"date":"2020-05-19T15:26:01","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T15:26:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=26312"},"modified":"2025-06-16T01:58:48","modified_gmt":"2025-06-15T18:58:48","slug":"nguon-goc-cua-tra-phan-8-tra-la-mon-an-noi-tieng-thoi-xuan-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2020\/05\/nguon-goc-cua-tra-phan-8-tra-la-mon-an-noi-tieng-thoi-xuan-thu.html","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0 (Ph\u1ea7n 8): Tr\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] <\/strong>Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 7<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u00f4ng Chu, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa. Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, l\u1ec5 nghi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn hoa l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng sang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1eaft c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111ua v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u00e1ch gia ch\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u tranh b\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u201cc\u1ee7i, g\u1ea1o, d\u1ea7u, mu\u1ed1i\u201d \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea5y \u201ct\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea5m, tr\u00e0\u201d l\u00e0m gia v\u1ecb th\u00eam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1eef \u2018Tr\u00e0 – \u8336\u2019 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u2018\u0110\u1ed3 -\u837c\u2019, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Kinh Thi<\/em>. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, Kinh Thi <\/em>l\u00e0 do Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed bi\u00ean t\u1eadp, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m thi ca t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi T\u00e2y Chu \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu. Kinh Thi <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i: \u2018Phong\u2019, \u2018Nh\u00e3\u2019, \u2018T\u1ee5ng\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u2018Phong\u2019 l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ca, \u2018Nh\u00e3\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nh\u1ea1c trong cung \u0111\u00ecnh, \u2018T\u1ee5ng\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nh\u1ea1c d\u00f9ng khi c\u00fang t\u1ebf trong cung th\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eef \u2018\u0110\u1ed3\u2019 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i C\u1ed1c phong<\/em>: \u201cTh\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e2n s\u01b0, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 n\u00f4ng phu\u201d, \u201cT\u00e2n s\u01b0\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t c\u00e2y th\u1ea7u d\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ed1t; \u201c\u0110\u1ed3 li\u00eau \u00f4 ch\u1ec9, t\u1eafc t\u1eafc m\u1eadu ch\u1ec9\u201d, li\u00eau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y thu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ed3\u201d; l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i Mi\u00ean<\/em> ghi l\u1ea1i: \u201cChu chu nguy\u1ec5n nguy\u1ec5n, c\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 di\u201d, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 rau c\u1ea9n, rau \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef \u2018\u0110\u1ed3\u2019 trong Kinh Thi <\/em>li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 tr\u00e0 hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i, k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra do s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t qu\u00e3ng v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c ra hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i ch\u1eef \u2018\u0110\u1ed3\u2019 theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00e1 tr\u00ean c\u00e2y (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u2018Tr\u00e0\u2019, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t. C\u1ea7n suy x\u00e9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0, cho n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Trong Tr\u00e0<\/em> Kinh <\/em>c\u1ee7a L\u1ee5c V\u0169 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eebng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Y\u1ebfn T\u1eed Xu\u00e2n Thu<\/em>: \u201cAnh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi T\u1ec1 C\u1ea3nh C\u00f4ng, \u0103n h\u1ea1t d\u1ebb thay c\u01a1m, n\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng, d\u00f9ng tr\u00e0 l\u00e0m rau\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ed1c Y\u1ebfn Anh c\u1ee7a T\u1ec1 C\u1ea3nh C\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0103n g\u1ea1o l\u1ee9t, v\u00e0i ba m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u1eb7n, tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 rau xanh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u2018Minh – \u8317\u2019, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0, trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Qu\u00e2n L\u1ee5c <\/em>c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e0, qu\u1ebf, g\u1eebng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u \u0103n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e1 tr\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00f3n h\u1ea7m, lu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00eam gia v\u1ecb cho canh tr\u00e0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n, l\u00e0m rau, n\u1ea5u canh. L\u00e1 tr\u00e0 sau khi n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1m canh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m giai t\u1ea7ng, song c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn nhau: l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng l\u00ean giai t\u1ea7ng cao; ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng giai t\u1ea7ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng cho d\u00f9 th\u0103ng l\u00ean hay gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1edf th\u00edch kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 nghi\u1ec7n, d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u1eady th\u00ec n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 giai t\u1ea7ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu s\u1edf th\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u nu\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u201cm\u00f4n kh\u00e1ch\u201d, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i giao l\u01b0u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia qua c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, tranh b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00f3i quen \u201cu\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0\u201d c\u0169ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n lan r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i, s\u1ef1 dung h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn tr\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y: Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i h\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c vua, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c vua (ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n) d\u00f9ng tr\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00f3n \u0103n th\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i h\u1ecd, tr\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m tinh th\u1ea7n h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, tr\u01a1n mi\u1ec7ng, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tr\u00e0.<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cho n\u00ean tr\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0103n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u00e0 d\u1ea7n c\u1edfi b\u1ecf l\u1edbp \u00e1o th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n su\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n n\u1eefa)<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/node\/245114<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org] Ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea7n 7 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u00f4ng Chu, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa. 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