{"id":26125,"date":"2020-04-01T03:56:30","date_gmt":"2020-04-01T03:56:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=26125"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:21:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:21:38","slug":"thien-ngo-ve-chu-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2020\/04\/thien-ngo-ve-chu-hoc.html","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ec3n ng\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef \u201cH\u1ecdc\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/p>\n

[ChanhKien.org] <\/strong><\/span>\u201cH\u1ecdc\u201d\u300c\u5b66\u300dl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb, ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 (ph\u1ed3n th\u1ec3) n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u300c\u5b78\u300d. Sau khi ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3n \u0111i, th\u00ec h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u201ch\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi\u201d (gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt) v\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc) hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1eady n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta quay v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u00e0n s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, t\u00ecm ra tri th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

I. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cH\u1ecdc\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u300c \u300d, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef Kim v\u0103n (lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc l\u00ean chu\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Chung V\u0103n \u0110\u1ec9nh) l\u00e0 \u300c\u300d, ch\u1eef H\u00e1n L\u1ec7 th\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u300c \u300d, ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0\u300c\u5b78\u300d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Kim v\u0103n, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eef \u300c\u5b66\u300dgi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u300c\u300dr\u1ed3i thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng\u300c\u2e8d\u300d.<\/p>\n

II. C\u1ea3m ng\u1ed9 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201cH\u1ecdc\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

1. Thi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n chi \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 tr\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n)<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb v\u0103n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t \u300c \u300dc\u1ee7a ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc, ta th\u1ea5y n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 hai b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng \u00f4m l\u1ea5y \u723b. Trong v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u1ed5, \u300c\u300dch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hai tay tr\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i; c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai tay \u00f4m l\u1ea5y kia l\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch B\u00e1t Qu\u00e1i\u300c\u300dg\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0o (\u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m \/y\u00e1o\/). H\u00e0o (\u723b) l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ebb trong Kinh D\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea1ch\u300c\u2014\u300dl\u00e0 h\u00e0o d\u01b0\u01a1ng, hai v\u1ea1ch\u300c- -\u300dl\u00e0 h\u00e0o \u00e2m; c\u00e1c h\u00e0o (\u723b) t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ebb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng qu\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, trong v\u0103n t\u1ef1 c\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f4i tay n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb minh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 tay ai, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ch\u1eef th\u00ec hai b\u00e0n tay n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo hai t\u1ea7ng ngh\u0129a: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng trong hai l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay; hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u00e0n tay mang t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. Mang xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u? Mang xu\u1ed1ng trao cho ai? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc \u300c\u5b78\u300d, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u00f5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh hai th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi v\u00e0o hai l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u00e2y? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm tr\u1ecdn quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf hay Th\u1ea7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (Ch\u1eef \u201cgi\u00e1c\u201d ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u300c\u89ba\u300dc\u00f3 n\u1eeda tr\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng n\u1eeda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d \u300c\u5b78\u300d , \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng?), Ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n v.v., kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y. Hai l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0o \u300c\u723b\u300dch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i, h\u00e0o [\u723b] ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 t\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef n\u00f3i \u201cv\u0103n d\u0129 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, v\u1eady n\u00ean h\u00e0o [\u723b] c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1eeda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 n\u1eeda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d \u300c\u5b78\u300db\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb th\u00e0nh \u300c\u2e8d\u300dv\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec, v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o? C\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa? Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eef gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 sau khi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3; kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa \u201ch\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, \u201cly kinh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d (r\u1eddi xa kinh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xa n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

2. Kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00ea v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb phong b\u1ebf<\/em><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u300c \u300dsau n\u00e0y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i n\u1eafp \u300c\u5196\u300d(\u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m \/m\u00ec\/, \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 che ph\u1ee7), tr\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t h\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u0103n nh\u00e0. C\u00e1i n\u1eafp \u0111\u1eady l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d\u300c\u5b50\u300d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1i n\u1eafp n\u1eb1m \u1edf gi\u1eefa n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch, \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf gian c\u00e1ch khai ra kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1eady n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdc th\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7ng gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 khi Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hai tay b\u01b0ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn trao cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d\u300c\u5b78\u300d, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a b\u00ean trong c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, kh\u00f3a trong ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Theo c\u00e1nh n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi H\u1ea1 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u, t\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ef1, (c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng) v.v. cho quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c. C\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3ng \u201c\u0110\u1ecdc v\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n truy c\u1ea7u \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d , ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201cdu\u201d, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eef \u201cdu\u201d. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201cDu \u01b0 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n chi m\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 nan vi ng\u00f4n\u201d (M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed – T\u1eadn T\u00e2m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>), hay \u201cT\u00edch h\u1eefu c\u00f4n tam \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n, du t\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 chi gian\u201d (M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed – Thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00f9<\/em>) v.v. \u201cDu\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mang \u00fd \u0111i xa c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc, c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm khi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb v\u00e2n du tu luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201cdu\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea7y, t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o, ma luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft, gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cTr\u1eddi tr\u00f2n nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc l\u1ecdng l\u1edbn, \u0110\u1ea5t vu\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u1edd\u201d, \u201cTr\u1eddi tr\u00f2n nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc n\u00f3n l\u00e1\u201d, \u201cTr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc l\u1ec1u, bao tr\u00f9m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1ed9i m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng\u201d v.v., \u201cc\u00e1i l\u1ecdng\u201d hay \u201cc\u00e1i n\u00f3n l\u00e1\u201d r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi\u300c \u300d. V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n\u300c\u5196\u300d c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d\u300c\u5b78\u300dph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u0169ng bao h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a \u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d? To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ecb kh\u00f3a l\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb phong k\u00edn, b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ecb\u300c\u5196\u300dphong b\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u1eady n\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n \u300c\u5196\u300dc\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d\u300c\u5b78\u300d v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a \u1edf t\u1ea7ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ecb phong b\u1ebf. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u1edf trong ph\u00f2ng hay \u0111i ra kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, cho d\u00f9 di chuy\u1ec3n bao xa, t\u1ed1n bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang b\u1ecb phong b\u1ebf, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 bao quanh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eady. V\u1eady n\u00ean, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00ec sao Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tay \u0111em thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d \u300c\u5b50\u300dc\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d\u300c\u5b50\u300d\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u201cphu\u201d, \u201cph\u1ee5\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d, v.v.? Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, danh x\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ccha – ph\u1ee5\u201d \u300c\u7236\u300d, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u201ccha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a bi k\u1ecbch\u201d, \u201ccha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, \u201ccha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda Ph\u00e1p\u201d… m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201ccon – t\u1eed\u201d \u300c\u5b50\u300d, nh\u01b0 \u201cL\u00e3o T\u1eed\u201d, \u201cKh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed\u201d, \u201cTrang T\u1eed\u201d, \u201cLi\u1ec7t T\u1eed\u201d v.v. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao h\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, theo ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ebf nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi\u201d. Trong M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed – V\u1ea1n Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em> c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng: \u201cTr\u1eddi sinh ra d\u00e2n n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 k\u1ebb bi\u1ebft sau, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o cho k\u1ebb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 sau\u201d. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c coi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u201cthi\u00ean d\u00e2n\u201d (con d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi), ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 sinh ra (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra) t\u1eeb thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng , kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 sinh ra nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ctr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra (s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra) con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d, c\u00f2n an b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 trong m\u00ea. Th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1eady d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201ccon – t\u1eed\u201d \u300c\u5b50\u300dr\u1ed3i. (\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m th\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y sinh kh\u00ed.)<\/p>\n

3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00ea, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc ta th\u1ea5y, t\u1eeb hai tay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef \u201ch\u00e0o\u201d bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i n\u1eafp, m\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1i n\u1eafp bao ph\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n th\u1ebf gian c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1i m\u00ea c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian con ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong b\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1i l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d\u300c\u5b78\u300d, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, v\u0103n t\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t ban s\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eed\u201d\u300c\u5b50\u300dph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u300c\u5b50\u300d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Chu m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o. V\u1eady th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111em thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p cho ai? T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u00f3 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong m\u00ea n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n sinh ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o trong kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00ea.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1ea1i sao Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? V\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00ea n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp minh b\u1ea1ch thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ebf ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u hay sao? B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng sa \u0111\u1ecda, t\u1eeb m\u1ef9 h\u1ea3o m\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i r\u1edbt \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00ea n\u00e0y; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u sinh m\u1ec7nh cao t\u1ea7ng h\u1eefu \u00fd h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong kh\u00f4ng gian m\u00ea n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n

4. C\u00e1i m\u00ea \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf<\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef \u201cH\u1ecdc\u201d v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hai c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u1eafp n\u00e0y \u0111ang thu ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, trong v\u0103n t\u1ef1 Gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t, Kim v\u0103n v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u tri\u1ec7n, hai c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u1eafp r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111em con ng\u01b0\u1eddi phong k\u00edn l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef L\u1ec7 th\u01b0 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u00ec hai c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u1eafp \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i c\u1eeda cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb bao b\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1i m\u00ea c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 \u0111i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, s\u1ef1 phong b\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3 khai; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3 khai to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, suy cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i n\u1eafp v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u00e0 phong b\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng \u00edt.<\/p>\n

Sau khi c\u1ea3m ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d \u300c\u5b78\u300d, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

III. \u201cH\u1ecdc nhi th\u1eddi t\u1eadp chi\u201d c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadn Ng\u1eef<\/em> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecdc Nhi\u201d, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ecdc nhi th\u1eddi t\u1eadp chi, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t h\u1ed3?\u201d. Sau n\u00e0y, ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d r\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eadp\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u201cH\u1ecdc nhi th\u1eddi t\u1eadp chi\u201d tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i L\u1ee5c l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u00e2u n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201cKi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i c\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u00f4n t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u vui m\u1eebng hay sao?\u201d \u00d4n t\u1eadp ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui m\u1eebng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eadp\u201d \u300c\u7fd2\u300d l\u00e0 \u201cchim non n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bay l\u00ean c\u1ea7n g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eadp c\u00e1nh\u201d, so v\u1edbi \u201c\u00f4n t\u1eadp\u201d ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o. Trong T\u1ee9 Th\u01b0 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00fa T\u1eadp Ch\u00fa<\/em> \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eadp\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110i\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 phi d\u00e3\u201d. Trong Thuy\u1ebft V\u0103n Gi\u1ea3i T\u1ef1<\/em>, l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1eadp\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 phi d\u00e3\u201d, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cchim non d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eadp bay h\u1ebft l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c\u201d. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, \u201ct\u1eadp\u201d \u300c\u7fd2\u300d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sau khi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh vi, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t lai, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tu luy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef \u201cTh\u1eddi\u201d hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng hay\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean\u201d, Chu Hy gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eddi th\u1eddi\u201d. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1eddi\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u00ean th\u1eddi th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay l\u00ean, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f9y th\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1eddi\u201d trong H\u00e1n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 mang ngh\u0129a thu\u1eadn theo m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 Trang T\u1eed – Xu\u00e2n Thu<\/em> c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cThu th\u1ee7y th\u1eddi ch\u00ed, b\u00e1ch xuy\u00ean qu\u00e1n h\u00e0\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f9a thu t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n, nh\u1edd c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0 \u201cphi\u201d (bay l\u00ean), \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng vui m\u1eebng; m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n, thu\u1eadn theo thi\u00ean th\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng vui m\u1eebng h\u01a1n hay sao? Y Do\u00e3n th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Chu, T\u00f4n T\u1eabn th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c, Gia C\u00e1t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi Tam Qu\u1ed1c, L\u01b0u B\u00e1 \u00d4n th\u1eddi Minh Chi\u00eau,… trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng cao nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y sau khi tu h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec thu\u1eadn theo thi\u00ean th\u1eddi m\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ra bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n gian, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ng ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u201ch\u1ecdc nhi th\u1eddi t\u1eadp chi\u201d.<\/p>\n

IV. \u201cC\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m\u201d c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed<\/b><\/p>\n

Trong M\u1ea1nh t\u1eed – C\u00e1o T\u1eed Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em> c\u00f3 d\u1eabn: \u201cH\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n chi \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 tha, c\u1ea7u k\u00ec ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m nhi d\u0129 h\u0129.\u201d (C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, t\u00ecm c\u00e1i t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i). M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u1ede n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i g\u00e0, s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm th\u1ea3 g\u00e0 \u0111i ki\u1ebfm \u0103n, t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 g\u00e0, s\u1ebd ph\u00f3ng ra r\u1ea5t xa, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00f3ng ra xa r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea7m m\u00ea trong danh l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u00e2n o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. G\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi v\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u bi ai. V\u1eady n\u00ean M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed cho r\u1eb1ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m nguy\u00ean lai \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1i ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y: \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed5n quy ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

V. \u201cK\u1ef3 l\u1ed9 vong d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed v\u1ec1 g\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea1c, Li\u1ec7t T\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc trong s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o: H\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed (m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu \u0110\u1ea1o) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con d\u00ea \u0111i l\u1ea1c \u1edf ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd (ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf), sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m t\u1edbi gi\u00fap \u0111i t\u00ecm d\u00ea, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00ea v\u1ec1? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m n\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd, l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd n\u1eefa, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00ec l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea3n h\u1ebft \u0111i t\u00f4i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd n\u1eefa, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0nh b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c. D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed nghe xong tr\u1edf n\u00ean bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 d\u0129 ti\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 vong d\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1ng sinh\u201d (Li\u1ec7t T\u1eed – Thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00f9 Thi\u00ean<\/em>), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd m\u00e0 l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t d\u00ea, c\u0169ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n) m\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u00ea m\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh\u201d. Trong H\u00e1n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5, ch\u1eef \u201csinh\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5, h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf gian ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1n t\u1ea1p, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:\u00a0http:\/\/big5.zhengjian.org\/node\/256735<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 [ChanhKien.org] \u201cH\u1ecdc\u201d\u300c\u5b66\u300dl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef gi\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb, ch\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ec3 (ph\u1ed3n th\u1ec3) n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u300c\u5b78\u300d. 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