{"id":24338,"date":"2015-07-23T12:15:00","date_gmt":"2015-07-23T12:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=24338"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:22:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:22:30","slug":"bien-dong-he-sinh-thai-lam-thay-doi-che-do-an-uong-trong-qua-khu-cua-nhung-loai-chim-o-chau-uc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2015\/07\/bien-dong-he-sinh-thai-lam-thay-doi-che-do-an-uong-trong-qua-khu-cua-nhung-loai-chim-o-chau-uc.html","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00dac"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ChanhKien.org]<\/b> S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a hai lo\u00e0i chim kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bay s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00dac h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng minh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng l\u1eeda, bi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay, theo t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Boulder thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Colorado.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1edbn c\u00f3 v\u00fa tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00dac, ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ngay sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 50.000 n\u0103m, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Gifford Miller c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Alpine CU-Boulder cho bi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong n\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u0103n b\u1eaft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, l\u00e2y lan d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 chim Emu b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i Genyornis \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng chim \u0111\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u, m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Miller v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science<\/i> s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 08 th\u00e1ng 07 \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\"emus\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Chim Emu \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00dac (Ngu\u1ed3n: Australian Geographic)<\/i><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim hay \u0103n, \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng chim Emu s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n 50.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u00f4n \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1ea5m \u00e1p, \u00f4ng Miller n\u00f3i. Sau 45.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng chim cho th\u1ea5y chim Emu \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sang m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean theo nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ed1ng Genyornis v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ecf dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 50.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng ngay sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng cho bi\u1ebft th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

\u201cNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u1ec5 \u0103n d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb k\u00e9n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng\u201d, \u00f4ng Miller n\u00f3i, \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i chim n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 trong th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m Marilyn Fogel c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Carnegie \u1edf Washington DC, John Magee v\u00e0 Michael Gagan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Australia \u1edf Canberra, Simon Clarke c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Wollongong c\u1ee7a \u00dac v\u00e0 Beverly Johnson c\u1ee7a Bates College \u1edf Lewiston, Maine.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch g\u1ea7n 1.500 m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i chim Emu v\u00e0 v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Genyornis c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i 140.000 n\u0103m t\u1eeb ba khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u \u00dac, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ed3 Eyre, c\u1ea3ng Augusta v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m h\u1ed3 Darling-Murray. M\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb carbon trong r\u0103ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a g\u1ea5u t\u00fai thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng c\u1ea3ng Augusta v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m h\u1ed3 Darling-Murray, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 r\u0103ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecf tr\u1ee9ng chim h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Trong khi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a g\u1ea5u t\u00fai bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi chim Emu v\u00e0 Genyornis 50.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, g\u1ea5u t\u00fai, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chim Emu, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sang c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb 45.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

\"genyornis-size\"<\/a><\/p>\n

So s\u00e1nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t con chim Genyornis lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao 1,8m (Ngu\u1ed3n: Prehistoric Wildlife)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cHai nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00dac, l\u00e0 s\u0103n b\u1eaft qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn cho n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn\u201d, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science<\/i>, \u201cS\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chuy\u00ean \u0103n c\u1ecf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00fa \u0103n th\u1ecbt, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 01 n\u0103m 2005, Miller v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 s\u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa sinh quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n, g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u00dac h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed3 Eyre, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u trong n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u00dac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u01a1n m\u01b0a l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n kho\u1ea3ng 60.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, h\u1ecda ho\u1eb1n l\u1eafm m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khai ph\u00e1 ch\u00e2u \u00dac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Indonesia kho\u1ea3ng 50.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, d\u00f9ng l\u1eeda l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u0103n b\u1eaft, khai kh\u1ea9n, ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00f4ng Miller n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 85% \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa l\u1edbn, chim v\u00e0 b\u00f2 s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00dac n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n 45kg \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng ngay sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 19 lo\u00e0i th\u00fa c\u00f3 t\u00fai, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng th\u1eb1n l\u1eb1n d\u00e0i 7,6m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a to c\u1ee1 chi\u1ebfc xe Volkswagen, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

\"megafauna1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Lo\u00e0i Genyornis (g\u00f3c tr\u00ean b\u00ean tr\u00e1i), c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e2u \u00dac (Ngu\u1ed3n: Science Magazine)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng, theo t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay\u201d, Miller n\u00f3i, \u201cNh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y th\u00e0nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ef9 Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00dac ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1ed5 sung t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia \u00dac v\u00e0 CU-Boulder.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb: http:\/\/www.pureinsight.org\/node\/3140<\/a><\/p>\n

Tham kh\u1ea3o: http:\/\/instaar.colorado.edu\/news-events\/instaar-news\/ancient-diets-of-australian-birds-point-to-big-ecosystem-changes\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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