[Chanhkien.org]<\/b> T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef n\u00f3i: Quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bi\u1ebft thi\u00ean \u00fd. Thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n, ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1t sinh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u00fd. Thi\u00ean \u00fd kh\u00f4ng theo \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thi\u00ean \u00fd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1eb7n, t\u1ef1 theo gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n. Th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u l\u00ean hay r\u00fat \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 minh t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 thi\u00ean \u00fd. Nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n sinh-l\u00e3o-b\u1ec7nh-t\u1eed c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt, l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 quy lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng trong thi\u00ean \u00fd, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1n ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cthi\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t\u201d, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3, th\u1eddi-kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi-kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng. H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1eadn theo tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1eed, tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n gian m\u01b0a thu\u1eadn gi\u00f3 h\u00f2a, qu\u1ed1c th\u00e1i d\u00e2n an; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i tr\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1m x\u1ea5u, nh\u00e2n gian s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 tai h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n
Trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n, d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u01b0 b\u00e1ch t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng th\u00f4n qu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d Kinh D\u1ecbch c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cXem thi\u00ean v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn.\u201d \u201cNg\u0169 T\u1eed T\u01b0, hi\u1ec1n th\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00f4, tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u0103n, d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, v\u0103n kinh v\u00f5 lu\u1eadt, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eadp th\u00e2n.\u201d<\/p>\n
V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf\u201d l\u00e0 r\u1ed3ng th\u1eadt t\u1eeb tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi h\u1ea1 ph\u00e0m, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n long thi\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d. H\u1ecd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u coi vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang t\u1ebf tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u00e1i tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 duy nh\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i ba l\u1ea7n, d\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n. Theo s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a hai tri\u1ec1u Minh-Thanh, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4ng ch\u00ed m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e0n t\u1ebf tr\u1eddi, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1ec5 nghi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 long tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn thi\u00ean \u00fd, kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 h\u01b0ng qu\u1ed1c an bang, qu\u1ed1c th\u00e1i d\u00e2n an.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, x\u01b0a kia tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n l\u1eadp n\u00ean \u201cT\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Gi\u00e1m\u201d, \u201cTh\u00e1i S\u1eed L\u1ec7nh\u201d, \u201cKh\u00e2m Thi\u00ean Gi\u00e1m\u201d, v.v. l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c quan chuy\u00ean ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1t hung. C\u00f3 khi tr\u1eddi gi\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, quy ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u00e0nh, Th\u1ea9m Qu\u00e1t, Qu\u00e1ch Th\u1ee7 K\u00ednh, v.v. \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n \u201cThi\u00ean Quan Th\u01b0\u201d c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Thi\u00ean, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u H\u00e1n, Gia C\u00e1t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi Tam qu\u1ed1c, L\u01b0u C\u01a1 tri\u1ec1u Minh, v.v.<\/p>\n
Thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Chu sang nh\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 trong \u201cTr\u00fac Th\u01b0 K\u1ef7 Ni\u00ean\u201d nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTh\u00e1ng S\u00e1u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2n, ng\u0169 tinh t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u00eda sau c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng k\u00eau, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Chu V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. \u201cVua \u00c2n v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, ng\u00f4i sao chi\u1ebfu m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1eddi xa, b\u00e1ch th\u1ea7n t\u1ea3n \u0111i. Ng\u0169 tinh qu\u1ea7n t\u1ee5, chi\u1ebfu r\u1ecdi b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n\u201d. Qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1059 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Chu V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng thay tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 nh\u00e0 Chu, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh qu\u1ea7n t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 28 v\u00ec sao.<\/p>\n
\u201cS\u1eed K\u00fd\u201d c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng khi T\u1ea7n Th\u1ee7y Ho\u00e0ng c\u00f2n \u0111ang t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb, trong 15 n\u0103m sao ch\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n 4 l\u1ea7n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 80 ng\u00e0y, sao ch\u1ed5i m\u1ecdc l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e9t ngang b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean nh\u00e0 T\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t s\u00e1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Di b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft n\u1eb1m g\u1ed1i l\u00ean nhau, b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u1edf v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng nhau kh\u1edfi binh.<\/p>\n
K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u0129nh ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sau khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111i t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ki\u00eau t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00ea t\u00edn m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t sinh t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t bao la. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u1ea3 Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
Theo ghi ch\u00e9p, ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1976, khi Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft tin v\u1ec1 tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 3 \u1edf C\u00e1t L\u00e2m, y c\u1ea3m kh\u00e1i xen l\u1eabn k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n gian c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec l\u1edbn, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o, cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, chuy\u1ec7n hung c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1m hung\u201d. \u201c\u0110\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi rung chuy\u1ec3n, tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi Gia C\u00e1t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u V\u00e2n trong \u2018Tam Qu\u1ed1c Di\u1ec5n Ngh\u0129a\u2019 qua \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00e3y c\u1ea3 c\u00e1n c\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng danh nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00fac qua \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d L\u00fac b\u1ecb v\u1eb7n h\u1ecfi, \u201cKhi nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u1edbn m\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi s\u1ebd r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 tin l\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, Mao tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m suy ngh\u0129 m\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9?\u201d<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, ba l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng (ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 9), Chu \u0110\u1ee9c (ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 7), Chu \u00c2n Lai (ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 1) qua \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 7 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n x\u1ea3y ra tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn 7,8 \u0111\u1ed9 richter, khi\u1ebfn 240 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, 160 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u01a1ng; t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8, V\u00e2n Nam v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Xuy\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t x\u1ea3y ra 3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean 7,2 \u0111\u1ed9 richter.<\/p>\n
G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f3i m\u00f9), c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc, Hoa B\u1eafc (g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 B\u1eafc, S\u01a1n T\u00e2y, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 B\u1eafc Kinh, Thi\u00ean T\u00e2n), Hoa Trung (g\u1ed3m H\u1ed3 B\u1eafc \u1edf trung du Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang, Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u00e2y m\u00f9 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea1m vi m\u00e2y m\u00f9 che ph\u1ee7 l\u1edbn, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u00f9i tanh h\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng, v\u1eadt \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 l\u00e0 PM2.5 (Particulate Matter 2.5), nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi 2.5 PM, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb h\u00edt v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i. T\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh, n\u01a1i b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m PM2.5 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u1eefu quan khi \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc, h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfm 2\/3 (68%). Kh\u00f3i m\u00f9 ng\u1ee3p tr\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee5i cu\u1ed9n l\u00ean khi qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn v\u1ec7 sinh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng tr\u1eddi \u0111ang qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169 thay m\u1edbi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb1ng sau thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u00ean \u00fd g\u00ec? Th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, m\u00e2y m\u00f9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u00fd, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e2y m\u00f9 c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1eeb thi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1ch t\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, thu nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, s\u00e1ch mi\u1ec5n tam c\u00f4ng, v.v.<\/p>\n
V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Minh-Thanh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1481 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1856, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tai h\u1ea1i m\u00e2y m\u00f9, ho\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t hai tri\u1ec1u Minh-Thanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u1ec7nh cho v\u0103n v\u00f5 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n \u0103n chay ba ng\u00e0y, c\u1ea5m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5, \u201cmong r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi xanh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a l\u00e0nh\u201d. S\u1eed s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y H\u00e1n m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (n\u0103m 32 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean), do xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft m\u00e2y m\u00f9 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t kinh, H\u00e1n Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u1eabm k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a t\u1ecf, khi\u1ebfn \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, nh\u1eadt nguy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Xin h\u00e3y gi\u00e1ng t\u1ed9i cho tr\u1eabm.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cH\u1eadu H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u201d vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o n\u0103m Thu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ebf D\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia th\u1ee9 2 (n\u0103m 133 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean) nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u1eeb ng\u00e0y b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed che m\u1edd, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng d\u1ecbu \u00eam, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, Lang Ngh\u1ec9 d\u00e2ng th\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb: \u201cKh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u2018Xu\u00e2n Thu\u2019,\u00a0 vi\u1ebft \u2018th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang\u2019 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, vua n\u00ean thu\u1eadn theo thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 ban \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, chi\u00eau hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3i s\u1ef9, ban \u00e2n tr\u1ea1ch r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, gieo nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c cao d\u00e0y, thu\u1eadn gi\u00fap nguy\u00ean kh\u00ed, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec thi\u00ean v\u0103n s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1n, tinh t\u00fa s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, ng\u0169 tinh tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng, tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn, m\u00e2y m\u00f9 gi\u0103ng k\u00edn\u201d. L\u01b0\u01a1ng Ngh\u1ec9 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i thu\u1eadn theo bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi. M\u00e2y m\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u00fd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00ean d\u1ef1a theo thi\u00ean \u00fd m\u00e0 quy ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, thu\u1eadn theo thi\u00ean \u00fd m\u00e0 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. M\u00e2y m\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111ang hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft thi\u00ean \u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 sao? Nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean \u00fd, h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn theo thi\u00ean \u00fd, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u00ecnh an v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n
D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n