{"id":13475,"date":"2011-10-20T13:21:38","date_gmt":"2011-10-20T13:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=13475"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:27:20","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:27:20","slug":"thuong-thuc-danh-hoa-hon-le-cua-arnolfini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2011\/10\/thuong-thuc-danh-hoa-hon-le-cua-arnolfini.html","title":{"rendered":"Th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c danh h\u1ecda: “H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini”"},"content":{"rendered":"
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“H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini”. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Jan Van Eyck (1390?-1441). N\u0103m 1434, Ph\u00f2ng tranh Qu\u1ed1c gia London.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

[Chanhkien.org]<\/strong> V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u danh h\u1ecda n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quy c\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, \u00f3c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n tinh chu\u1ea9n. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e9p th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, hai \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong h\u01a1n 400 n\u0103m sau.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng Jan Van Eyck, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda B\u1eafc ph\u00e1i th\u1eddi v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u. K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c, khi \u1ea5y ph\u00e1t minh ra tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u1ecda s\u0129 v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd m\u00e0u keo. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Jan Van Eyck \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c m\u00e0u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u keo v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4 r\u1ea5t nhanh, n\u00ean h\u1ecda s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0o t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng t\u1eebng t\u1ea7ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sinh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. N\u0103m 1434, Jan Van Eyck \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini” (The Arnolfini Wedding), m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

“H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini” mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh k\u1ebft h\u00f4n gi\u1eefa Giovanni Arnolfini, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u1edf Tuscany, \u00dd v\u00e0 v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Giovanna Cenami. Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u1eddi th\u00e2n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1. Jan Van Eyck r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi m\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ebd ch\u00e2n dung cho \u0111\u00f4i uy\u00ean \u01b0\u01a1ng. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda l\u00e0 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. B\u00ean trong t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4 d\u00e2u, ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 ra th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 trong ph\u00f2ng (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c m\u00e0u lam v\u00e0 m\u00e0u cam). Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, Jan Van Eyck \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tay k\u00fd t\u00ean “Jan Van Eyck \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y” m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111oan ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p cho bu\u1ed5i h\u00f4n l\u1ec5 th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00f2n treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ee9c tranh “H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1ch b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trang tr\u00ed trong b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4 d\u00e2u ch\u00fa r\u1ec3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00f9m hoa l\u1ec7, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ed3i tinh x\u1ea3o tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdc trai, t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m Ba T\u01b0 tr\u00ean s\u00e0n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh kh\u1ea3m pha l\u00ea tr\u00ean khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5. C\u00f4 d\u00e2u tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhu thu\u1eadn. B\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u00e0n tay tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Arnolfini, c\u00f2n tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa r\u1ec3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t ngay ng\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng trang nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4i nam n\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfc v\u00e1y c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 d\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee5ng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u; nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u may m\u1eafn, v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng “s\u1edbm sinh qu\u00fd t\u1eed”. C\u00e2y n\u1ebfn tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn h\u1ed7n l\u1ec5; t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 con m\u1eaft minh tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u trong t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi; ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 trung th\u00e0nh. Qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y b\u00ean b\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f3 hai h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ch\u00fac m\u1eebng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edbm thai ngh\u00e9n h\u1eadu du\u1ec7, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u201ctr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m\u201d, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f4i trai g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang sa ng\u00e3. \u0110\u00f4i d\u00e9p tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 \u1edf g\u00f3c b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho “c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p”, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4i tr\u00e1i g\u00e1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u1ecf d\u00e9p, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Margaret, v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m sinh \u0111\u1ebb b\u00ecnh an.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ebd tranh s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Jan Van Eyck \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt m\u1eb7c y ph\u1ee5c v\u1eeba d\u00e0y v\u1eeba n\u1eb7ng, ch\u00f9m l\u00f4ng xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa ch\u00f3, ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n ch\u00f9m, \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00f2n, s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5p \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc trai treo tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u00f4 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kinh ng\u1ea1c. Bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i phong ph\u00fa dung h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u00ecnh ph\u00f3ng to b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111an xen ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y d\u01b0 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/zj\/articles\/2004\/6\/21\/27778.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini”. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Jan Van Eyck (1390?-1441). N\u0103m 1434, Ph\u00f2ng tranh Qu\u1ed1c gia London. [Chanhkien.org] V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u danh h\u1ecda n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,551],"tags":[47],"class_list":["post-13475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bai-chon-loc","category-hoi-hoa","tag-hoi-hoa-phuong-tay"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTh\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c danh h\u1ecda: "H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini" - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2011\/10\/thuong-thuc-danh-hoa-hon-le-cua-arnolfini.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c danh h\u1ecda: "H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini" - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"“H\u00f4n l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a Arnolfini”. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Jan Van Eyck (1390?-1441). N\u0103m 1434, Ph\u00f2ng tranh Qu\u1ed1c gia London. [Chanhkien.org] V\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Ph\u1ee5c H\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. 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