{"id":13047,"date":"2011-09-10T08:36:30","date_gmt":"2011-09-10T08:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=13047"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:27:27","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:27:27","slug":"nguyen-ly-8020-y-nghia-va-nguon-goc-phan-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2011\/09\/nguyen-ly-8020-y-nghia-va-nguon-goc-phan-2.html","title":{"rendered":"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd 80\/20: \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Ph\u1ea7n 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" title=\"Nguyenly8020Cover\" src=\"http:\/\/chanhkien.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/Nguyenly8020Cover.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"346\" height=\"565\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>[Chanhkien.org]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&aacute;ch bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nh&#432; v&#7853;y ti&#7871;p theo ch&uacute;ng ta s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&aacute;ch di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20. Tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&ecirc;n ch&uacute;ng ta h&atilde;y n&oacute;i v&#7873; c&aacute;ch di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t kinh &#273;i&#7875;n nh&#7845;t&mdash;nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; Pareto. Theo nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; Pareto, th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng 80% h&#7891;i b&aacute;o, s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t v&agrave; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; 20% &#273;&#7847;u v&agrave;o, n&#7895; l&#7921;c v&agrave; nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n; t&#7913;c l&agrave; ch&#7881; 20% &#273;&#7847;u v&agrave;o quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh 80% &#273;&#7847;u ra. &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897;t c&aacute;ch bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7889;i mang t&iacute;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t-ti&ecirc;u th&#7909;. N&#7871;u nh&#432; &#273;&#7893;i th&agrave;nh ng&ocirc;n ng&#7919; kinh doanh th&igrave; th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng 80% l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; 20% h&#7841;ng m&#7909;c ho&#7863;c kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng tr&#7885;ng y&#7871;u. Ti&#7871;p theo, th&ocirc;ng qua ph&aacute;t tri&#7875;n l&acirc;u d&agrave;i, nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng trong khoa h&#7885;c v&#7873; qu&#7843;n l&yacute;, r&#7857;ng 80% gi&aacute; tr&#7883; s&aacute;ng t&#7841;o c&#7911;a m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; 20% nh&acirc;n t&#7889;, v&agrave; 20% gi&aacute; tr&#7883; kia &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; 80% nh&acirc;n t&#7889; c&ograve;n l&#7841;i. &#7902; &#273;&acirc;y ch&uacute;ng ta h&igrave;nh nh&#432; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7893;i ch&#7919; &ldquo;l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n&rdquo; th&agrave;nh &ldquo;gi&aacute; tr&#7883;&rdquo;. T&#7915; g&oacute;c &#273;&#7897; doanh s&#7889; c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ho&#7863;c kinh doanh c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p m&agrave; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng ra, Pareto c&ograve;n ph&aacute;t hi&#7879;n ra r&#7857;ng trong x&atilde; h&#7897;i, th&#432;&#7901;ng th&igrave; 20% t&#7893;ng d&acirc;n s&#7889; v&agrave; t&#7893;ng s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i gi&agrave;u n&#7855;m gi&#7919; 80% c&#7911;a c&#7843;i trong x&atilde; h&#7897;i. Nh&#7919;ng c&aacute;ch n&oacute;i tr&ecirc;n &#273;&acirc;y tuy kh&aacute;c nhau, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7873;u thu&#7897;c v&#7873; h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t c&#7911;a Pareto, thu&#7897;c g&oacute;c &#273;&#7897; s&aacute;ng t&#7841;o ra c&#7911;a c&#7843;i.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo&agrave;i ra, nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 c&ograve;n c&oacute; h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t l&agrave; &ldquo;nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m c&ocirc;ng c&#7911;a Zipf&rdquo; (&#273;&#432;&#417;ng nhi&ecirc;n &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng thu&#7897;c ph&#7841;m tr&ugrave; s&aacute;ng t&#7841;o ra c&#7911;a c&#7843;i, m&agrave; l&agrave; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u thu&#7853;t v&#7873; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c). &ldquo;Nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m c&ocirc;ng c&#7911;a Zipf&rdquo; cho r&#7857;ng, c&aacute;c lo&#7841;i t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n m&agrave; doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7917; d&#7909;ng (bao g&#7891;m nh&acirc;n l&#7921;c, h&agrave;ng h&oacute;a, th&#7901;i gian, k&#7929; x&#7843;o v&agrave; c&aacute;c t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n mang t&iacute;nh s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t kh&aacute;c) &#273;&#7873;u t&#7891;n t&#7841;i m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i t&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u h&oacute;a l&#432;&#7907;ng c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c. C&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng, ch&uacute;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7871;n khi 20-30% t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh 70-80% ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t li&ecirc;n quan. &#272;&acirc;y l&agrave; c&aacute;ch bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t Zipf (<em>Zipf&rsquo;s law<\/em>) c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20. Ngo&agrave;i ra, nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 c&ograve;n c&oacute; c&aacute;ch bi&#7875;u thu&#7853;t v&#7873; &ldquo;thi&#7875;u s&#7889; ch&iacute;nh y&#7871;u&rdquo; c&#7911;a chuy&ecirc;n gia qu&#7843;n l&yacute; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng Juran; &#273;&acirc;y c&#361;ng l&agrave; c&aacute;ch bi&#7875;u th&#7883; thu&#7897;c v&#7873; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t.<\/p>\n<p>Ch&uacute;ng ta bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n r&#7897;ng r&atilde;i, tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7841;i &#273;a s&#7889; doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7873;u cho r&#7857;ng t&iacute;nh tr&#7885;ng y&#7871;u c&#7911;a to&agrave;n b&#7897; kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&agrave; nh&#432; nhau. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y l&agrave; nh&#7845;t tr&iacute; v&#7899;i t&#432; duy &ldquo;l&#432;&#7907;ng t&iacute;nh&rdquo; trong khoa h&#7885;c th&#7921;c ch&#7913;ng m&agrave; Newton khai s&aacute;ng, c&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i r&#7857;ng v&#7899;i ch&#7881;nh th&#7875; &ldquo;h&#7879; th&#7889;ng Newton&rdquo;, <a class=\"lar-automated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/chu-giai-tu-vung#cong_nang\" 28724 rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">c&ocirc;ng n&#259;ng<\/a> v&agrave; &yacute; ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; so v&#7899;i y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&aacute;c l&agrave; nh&#432; nhau; ch&uacute;ng ch&#7881; kh&aacute;c nhau v&#7873; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ho&#7863;c l&#7899;n nh&#7887;, ch&#7913; kh&ocirc;ng kh&aacute;c nhau v&#7873; &ldquo;ch&#7845;t t&iacute;nh&rdquo;. Ch&#7881; d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7921; b&#7843;o ch&#7913;ng c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c &ldquo;l&#432;&#7907;ng t&iacute;nh&rdquo; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; &ldquo;ch&#7845;t t&iacute;nh&rdquo; n&agrave;y th&igrave; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&aacute;p vi ph&acirc;n m&agrave; Newton khai s&aacute;ng v&agrave; th&#7911; &#273;o&#7841;n &ldquo;ph&acirc;n chia&rdquo; c&#7911;a khoa h&#7885;c th&#7921;c ch&#7913;ng m&#7899;i c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&agrave;nh l&#7853;p. Ch&#7859;ng ph&#7843;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&acirc;y ch&uacute;ng ta &#273;&atilde; t&#7915;ng n&oacute;i v&#7873; v&iacute; d&#7909; &ldquo;l&#7907;n v&agrave; nh&acirc;n b&aacute;nh&rdquo; hay sao? N&oacute;i &#273;&#7871;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&agrave;y, c&#361;ng l&agrave; n&oacute;i &ldquo;ch&#7845;t t&iacute;nh&rdquo; &#273;&atilde; m&#7845;t &#273;i thu&#7897;c t&iacute;nh sinh m&#7879;nh r&#7891;i. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 l&#7841;i thay &#273;&#7893;i c&aacute;ch nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng c&#7911;a ch&uacute;ng ta. Nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 n&oacute;i v&#7899;i ch&uacute;ng ta v&#7873; m&#7897;t &ldquo;hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7845;t c&acirc;n x&#7913;ng&rdquo; gi&#7919;a &#273;&#7847;u v&agrave;o v&agrave; &#273;&#7847;u ra trong s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t, th&#7871; nh&#432;ng lo&#7841;i &ldquo;hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7845;t c&acirc;n x&#7913;ng&rdquo; n&agrave;y l&#7841;i t&#7891;n t&#7841;i r&#7897;ng r&atilde;i trong cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i, b&#7903;i v&#7853;y nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 &#273;&atilde; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh ph&eacute;p t&#7855;c c&#417; b&#7843;n th&ocirc;ng d&#7909;ng nh&#7845;t trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c th&#432;&#417;ng nghi&#7879;p hi&#7879;n nay. K&#7923; th&#7921;c c&aacute;i g&#7885;i l&agrave; &ldquo;hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng b&#7845;t c&acirc;n x&#7913;ng&rdquo; n&agrave;y ch&#7859;ng ph&#7843;i ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; &ldquo;n&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&ocirc;ng b&#7845;t bi&#7871;n&rdquo; hay sao?! Do &#273;&oacute; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&ocirc;ng d&aacute;m ngh&#297; t&#7899;i ho&#7863;c kh&ocirc;ng d&aacute;m n&oacute;i ra, b&#7903;i v&#7853;y nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 th&#7921;c ra &#273;&atilde; l&#7853;t &#273;&#7893; t&#432; duy c&#7911;a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841;i. Ch&iacute;nh b&#7903;i n&oacute; mang t&iacute;nh l&#7853;t &#273;&#7893;, n&ecirc;n Thomas Kuhn m&#7899;i g&#7885;i n&oacute; l&agrave; m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c &ldquo;c&aacute;ch m&#7841;ng khoa h&#7885;c&rdquo;. B&#7903;i v&igrave; ch&#7859;ng m&#7845;y ai c&oacute; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&iacute;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngu&#7891;n g&#7889;c c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20, n&ecirc;n nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 &#273;&atilde; tr&#7903; th&agrave;nh m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n m&#7863;c nhi&ecirc;n m&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i ta ch&#7881; m&#7843;i m&ecirc; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng m&agrave; th&ocirc;i.<\/p>\n<p>D&#7883;ch t&#7915;:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/zj\/book\/html\/shan\/x076.htm\">http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/zj\/book\/html\/shan\/x076.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Chanhkien.org] 1. M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&aacute;ch bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 Nh&#432; v&#7853;y ti&#7871;p theo ch&uacute;ng ta s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&aacute;ch di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20. Tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&ecirc;n ch&uacute;ng ta h&atilde;y n&oacute;i v&#7873; c&aacute;ch di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t kinh &#273;i&#7875;n nh&#7845;t&mdash;nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; Pareto. Theo nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; Pareto, th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng 80% h&#7891;i b&aacute;o, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[140],"class_list":["post-13047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-nhan-sinh-cam-ngo","tag-nguyen-ly-pareto"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd 80\/20: \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Ph\u1ea7n 2) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2011\/09\/nguyen-ly-8020-y-nghia-va-nguon-goc-phan-2.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd 80\/20: \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (Ph\u1ea7n 2) - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Chanhkien.org] 1. M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&aacute;ch bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7841;t c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20 Nh&#432; v&#7853;y ti&#7871;p theo ch&uacute;ng ta s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&aacute;ch di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; 80\/20. Tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&ecirc;n ch&uacute;ng ta h&atilde;y n&oacute;i v&#7873; c&aacute;ch di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t kinh &#273;i&#7875;n nh&#7845;t&mdash;nguy&ecirc;n l&yacute; Pareto. 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