{"id":1265,"date":"2009-01-29T09:40:57","date_gmt":"2009-01-29T09:40:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=1265"},"modified":"2025-05-12T10:30:02","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T03:30:02","slug":"nghe-thuat-kien-truc-voi-su-ruc-ro-boi-than-tinh-va-y-nghia-van-hoa-sau-sac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2009\/01\/nghe-thuat-kien-truc-voi-su-ruc-ro-boi-than-tinh-va-y-nghia-van-hoa-sau-sac.html","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 b\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc"},"content":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org]<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 trao truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong 2000 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh ph\u1ed3n vinh nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian 3 chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

Quan s\u00e1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 mang Th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

I Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi Ch\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u1ed5, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ed5 Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd. C\u00f3 3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9t c\u1ed5, t\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee9c Doric, tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee9c Ionic v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 th\u1ee9c Corinthian. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 (Tr\u1ee5 t\u1eed: tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf, tr\u1ee5 th\u00e2n, tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.
\n\"\u0110\u1ec1n
\n\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Parthenon t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Acropolis, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o 3 n\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 oai nghi\u00eam.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u00e1nh Sophia<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 313, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Constantine h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1edfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 La M\u00e3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu v\u00e0 ban cho C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Sau khi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Constantine th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh Rom, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Byzantium v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 th\u1edd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh phong c\u00e1ch Byzantium.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u00e1nh Sophia l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo phong c\u00e1ch Byzantine. M\u00e1i v\u00f2m h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1edd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n: nguy nga v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang ho\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, b\u00ean trong r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf. Th\u00f4ng qua 40 l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m l\u1edbn, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i, phong nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh nhu\u1ed9m ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed b\u1edfi c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3m k\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb9p h\u00f2a v\u1edbi m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong v\u00f2m.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Koln<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y to l\u1edbn, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Gothic nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Notre Dam v\u00e0 Koln . Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00fap linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

\"\"[2]<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Lu\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i t\u1eadn t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Koln c\u00f3 2 th\u00e1p cao 160 met. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t uy nghi\u00eam, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh, tinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c. V\u00f2m h\u00ecnh cung nh\u1ecdn cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng hoa v\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

4. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Peter<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Peter, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c n\u01a1i m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh Peter b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1, l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u1edf \u00dd.<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng trang tr\u00ed tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 b\u00ean trong. Tr\u00ean c\u00e1i n\u00f3c h\u00ecnh cung n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Michelangelo. Tr\u00ean n\u00f3c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong kinh th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 11 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1i ch\u00eca c\u1ee7a n\u00f3c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo phong c\u00e1ch Baroque l\u00e0 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, cao qu\u00fd, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng theo quy c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. Phong c\u00e1ch Rococo th\u00ec nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh d\u1ebb. C\u1ea3 2 phong c\u00e1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ham m\u00ea v\u00e0 suy \u0111\u1ed3i. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u1ea5m c\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Koln.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng phong c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n. Ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1edf khai t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ham m\u00ea v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n suy \u0111\u1ed3i trong c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

II Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Hoa d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc Trung Hoa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1, trong khi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Hoa x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 cho th\u1ea5y v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a th\u00ec gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nho. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, nh\u1eefng m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 l\u1eadp d\u1ecb, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3 tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a “s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh”<\/p>\n

1. Phong c\u00e1ch t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Nho d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh. Trung, hi\u1ebfu, l\u1ec5, ngh\u0129a m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m: “Khi b\u1ea1n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang tu luy\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh y\u00ean” “T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n t\u1eed, [\u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi] ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng”<\/p>\n

\"\"[3]<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda kh\u1eafp 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb. C\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. S\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u1edf ph\u00eda trong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 vui v\u1ebb. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o, ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 phong th\u1ee7y. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 \u1edf th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i [nh\u00e0], v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m, cha v\u00e0 con trai, m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau. T\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa coi tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

T\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y t\u00f4n ti h\u1eefu t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i. T\u1eeb cung \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u1edf, phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5m th\u00e0nh \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p \u1edf m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu Trung Hoa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu \u00fd pha tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng gian trong ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng gian trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda ch\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 ra [c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i] v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u [h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0] m\u1edf ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 mang tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu c\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c trong n\u00fai v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed uy nghi\u00eam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n [c\u00f3] m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i ch\u00eca v\u1ec3nh l\u00ean, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1nh chim b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u v\u00e0 tr\u0103ng non, l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1eadt phong nh\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng m\u00e1i ch\u00eca thanh nh\u00e3 c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u00edt t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec nguy nga, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n Nam Thi\u1ec7n T\u1ef1 v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Quang T\u1ef1 tr\u00ean Ng\u0169 \u0110\u00e0i S\u01a1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 782 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Nam Thi\u1ec7n T\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u00f9a g\u1ed7. Ph\u1eadt Quang t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 857 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 “t\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t” \u1edf b\u00ean trong, t\u00ean l\u00e0: t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tranh t\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u trong th\u1ebf gian”. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1p x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i bao quanh, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u cao, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 trong \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\"\"[4]<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2n V\u0169 C\u00e1c \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u k\u1ef7 x\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00e2n V\u0169 C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thuy\u1ebft k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea9y, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf \u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed5. M\u00e1i ch\u00f9a th\u00ec ph\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 400 n\u0103m, Ch\u00e2n V\u0169 C\u00e1c v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n sau khi tr\u00e3i qua 5 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 3 tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Ch\u00e2n V\u0169 C\u00e1c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Nh\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00e2u, Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea1c L\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eb1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh l\u00e2u v\u00f9ng Giang Nam v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i danh l\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

3. Nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ed5 Trung Hoa \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa trong c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i v\u1ebd tay t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. \u0110\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e0i, l\u00e2u v\u1eeba t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1eeba \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u00fai. X\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m v\u00e0 rui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecda c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e2u li\u1ec5n d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eafng c\u1ea3nh. Phong c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00edt.<\/p>\n

\"\"[5]<\/p>\n

“Ch\u1ec9 x\u00edch chi n\u1ed9i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n ” , ” tuy do nh\u00e2n t\u00e1c , uy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 thi\u00ean khai ” (1) l\u00e0 2 c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean [\u0111\u1ec3] bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed5n quy ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ung dung l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u01b0\u1eddn T\u00f4 Ch\u00e2u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 tao nh\u00e3 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7p, t\u1ef1 mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn d\u00e0nh cho th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n nh\u00e2n nh\u00e3 s\u0129 Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Hoa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00e2n xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 can nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Hoa d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec7ch \u0111i v\u00e0 m\u00e9o m\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1eb7n b\u00e3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc sao khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00fd?<\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/zj\/articles\/2008\/8\/24\/54507.html<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/www.pureinsight.org\/node\/5547<\/a><\/p>\n

*\u00a0 *\u00a0 *<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch:<\/em><\/p>\n

(1) ‘Ch\u1ec9 x\u00edch chi n\u1ed9i t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o can kh\u00f4n’. ‘Ch\u1ec9 x\u00edch’ – r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n. T\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1edbc [\u0111\u1ea5t] v\u01b0\u1eddn? ‘Tuy do nh\u00e2n t\u00e1c , uy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 thi\u00ean khai’ \u2013 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org] Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 trao truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong 2000 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,103],"tags":[66],"class_list":["post-1265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bai-chon-loc","category-vanhoa-truyenthong","tag-van-hoa-truyen-thong"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 b\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2009\/01\/nghe-thuat-kien-truc-voi-su-ruc-ro-boi-than-tinh-va-y-nghia-van-hoa-sau-sac.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 b\u1edfi Th\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc - Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn Net\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[Chanhkien.org] Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 trao truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau. 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Trong 2000 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu. 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