{"id":11472,"date":"2011-04-14T14:07:54","date_gmt":"2011-04-14T14:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/?p=11472"},"modified":"2025-05-30T00:08:38","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T17:08:38","slug":"kham-pha-du-ngon-mot-vai-phan-tich-thoi-boi-do-viii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chanhkien.org\/2011\/04\/kham-pha-du-ngon-mot-vai-phan-tich-thoi-boi-do-viii.html","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u00abTh\u00f4i B\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed3\u00bb (VIII): Chi\u1ebfn tranh Gi\u00e1p Ng\u1ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org]<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong>: C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. D\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc: Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai? T\u1ea1i chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng nhau d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u00abTh\u00f4i B\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed3\u00bb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch s\u1ea5m do quan T\u01b0 Thi\u00ean Gi\u00e1m L\u00fd Thu\u1ea7n Phong v\u00e0 \u1ea9n s\u0129 Vi\u00ean Thi\u00ean Cang \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m Trinh Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u0103m 627-649 SCN). Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 60 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd (\u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng), m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u201cs\u1ea5m vi\u1ebft\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ee5ng vi\u1ebft\u201d b\u1eb1ng th\u01a1, d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cho t\u1edbi nay, t\u1edbi t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng 55 M\u1eadu Ng\u1ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng 55 \u00abTh\u00f4i B\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed3\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

S\u1ea5m vi\u1ebft<\/em>:<\/p>\n

C\u1ee5 t\u1eafc sinh gi\u1edbi
\nV\u00f4 vi\u1ec5n v\u1eadt gi\u1edbi
\nTh\u1ee7y bi\u00ean h\u1eefu n\u1eef
\n\u0110\u1ed1i nh\u1eadt t\u1ef1 b\u00e1i<\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng vi\u1ebft<\/em>:<\/p>\n

K\u00fd du th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed chung v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng
\nD\u1ef1c d\u1ef1c ti\u1ec3u t\u00e2m h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n ch\u00fang
\nChuy\u1ec3n nguy vi an ki\u1ebfn ti\u1ebft ngh\u0129a
\nV\u1ecb t\u1ea5t h\u00e0 s\u01a1n t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 t\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n

S\u1ea5m r\u1eb1ng<\/em>:<\/p>\n

S\u1ee3 th\u00ec sinh gi\u1edbi
\nKh\u00f4ng xa ch\u1edb t\u1edbi
\nVen n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1eef
\nH\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadt t\u1ef1 b\u00e1i<\/p>\n

T\u1ee5ng r\u1eb1ng<\/em>:<\/p>\n

Mu\u1ed1n thu th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed th\u1eadt u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng
\nC\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f4ng
\nChuy\u1ec3n nguy th\u00e0nh an th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebft ngh\u0129a
\nNon s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng 55 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tranh Gi\u00e1p Ng\u1ecd Trung-Nh\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m Quang T\u1ef1, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh m\u01b0u t\u00ednh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch mua s\u1eafm chi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Tr\u1ef1c L\u1ec7 ki\u00eam B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n L\u00fd H\u1ed3ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u0103m 1888, h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1c. Th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1894, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n sang Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. Th\u00e1ng 7, qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u Nha S\u01a1n, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Phong \u0110\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf g\u1ea7n Nha S\u01a1n. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 Thanh b\u1ecb b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i ra chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0 tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 1 th\u00e1ng 8.<\/p>\n

“S\u1ee3 t\u1eafc sinh gi\u1edbi”: \u00fd n\u00f3i L\u00fd H\u1ed3ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng, v.v. s\u1ee3 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt, do \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

“V\u00f4 vi\u1ec5n v\u1eadt gi\u1edbi” – “Kh\u00f4ng xa ch\u1edb t\u1edbi”: “vi\u1ec5n” l\u00e0 n\u00f3i h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf n\u01a1i xa, “Kh\u00f4ng xa ch\u1edb t\u1edbi” l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

“Th\u1ee7y bi\u00ean h\u1eefu n\u1eef” – “Ven n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1eef”: b\u1ed9 Th\u1ee7y (\u6c35) \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u1eef “N\u1eef” (\u5973) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef “Nh\u1eef” (\u6c5d). “\u0110\u1ed1i nh\u1eadt t\u1ef1 b\u00e1i”: h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef “Nh\u1eadt” (\u65e5) m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 b\u00e1i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1eef “X\u01b0\u01a1ng” (\u660c). C\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 vai ch\u00ednh trong chi\u1ebfn tranh Gi\u00e1p-Ng\u1ecd gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

“Mu\u1ed1n thu th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed th\u1eadt u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng”: “th\u1ea7n kh\u00ed” ch\u1ec9 kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u00fd n\u00f3i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Thanh m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng u\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

“C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ec1 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f4ng”: \u00fd n\u00f3i L\u00fd H\u1ed3ng Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng, v.v. \u0111\u1eb7t ra chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

“Chuy\u1ec3n nguy th\u00e0nh an th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebft ngh\u0129a, Non s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1ng”: \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ea3i, Uy H\u1ea3i, V\u1ec7 H\u1ea3i ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e2m nguy nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3, chuy\u1ec3n nguy th\u00e0nh an, mang theo ti\u1ebft ngh\u0129a li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i B\u1eafc D\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do s\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y b\u1ecb nghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ed5, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh M\u00e3n Thanh, c\u0169ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0110inh Nh\u1eef X\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh b\u00e1o qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t vong c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u Thanh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sao c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed c\u1ea3. Khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quy lu\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt di\u1ec5n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean tri. \u00abChu D\u1ecbch\u00bb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t hay, thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi. V\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 “Thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t”, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi. Chi\u00eam tinh h\u1ecdc \u1edf T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Kinh l\u1ea1c trong Trung Y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00abTh\u00f4i B\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed3\u00bb, t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xin d\u1eebng b\u00fat. \u1ede lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trong \u00abTh\u00f4i B\u1ed1i \u0110\u1ed3\u00bb l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, trong d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

(H\u1ebft)<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.zhengjian.org\/zj\/articles\/2002\/12\/21\/19561.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Chanhkien.org] L\u1eddi ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp: C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 ng\u00f4n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n qua h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt th\u1ea7n b\u00ed. 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